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Topic: Adaptive Multi-Rate

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Rate Adaptive Multi-Rate Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is a lossy data compression scheme optimized for speech. Environmental lapse rate The environmental lapse rate is the rate of decrease of air radiosonde. Rate of exploitation The "rate of exploitation" is a concept in surplus-value) to the total amount of wages paid (the va... www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/rate.html   (1547 words)

Encyclopedia: Adaptive Multi-Rate Adaptive Multi Rate - WideBand or AMR-WB is a speech coding standard developed after the AMR using same technology like ACELP. Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is a Audio data compression scheme optimized for speech coding. AMR is adopted as the standard speech codec by 3GPP. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Adaptive-Multi_Rate   (474 words)

News from The 3G Portal: Business Case Archives For example, a new form of coding called Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) uses smart mathematical algorithms to improve the quality of mobile signals inside buildings and at the outer edges of a cell enabling the investment in supporting kit to be minimised. The AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) technology enables operators to add voice capacity within their networks smoothly and cost-efficiently. Adaptive Multi-Rate Coding: Some global equipments vendors have developed new technical solutions and kit that help in that goal. www.the3gportal.com /3gpnews/archives/cat_business_case.html   (14143 words)

RFC Index 3201 - 3300 - RFC Database - eLook.org RFC 3267 - Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format and File Storage Format for the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) Audio Codecs www.elook.org /computing/rfc/index33.html   (985 words)

Adaptive Adaptive Multi-Rate Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is a lossy data compression scheme optimized for speech. Adaptive system An adaptive system is a Robots incorporate many of these control systems. Adaptive switching Adaptive switching mode is a user-defined facility to maximize the efficiency of the switch. www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/adaptive.html   (985 words)

CCSR - EPSRC projects - Variable-bit-rate speech coding - final report summary By using internal funds, a multi-rate channel coding to complement the speech bit rates of 3.9, 5.2 and 6.8kb/s for the half rate GSM channel capacity of 11.4kb/s has also developed and submitted to the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) as part of the Adaptive Multi-Rate GSM competition. Since many building blocks of the resultant SB-LPC speech coder are novel and can be applied to other speech coding algorithms, a patent covering all of the novel aspects of the coder, such as the pitch estimation, split-band voicing estimation, frequency-domain post-filtering and multi-rate parameter quantisation algorithms, has been filed. Variable rate coders are ideally suited for packet communication networks such as the Internet, ATM etc. However, they cannot be used over the existing telephony systems unless a long buffer is used to absorb delay variation which in itself will be detrimental since it will introduce longer end-to-end delay. www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /CCSR/EPSRC/VBR-time-vocoder   (985 words)

Publications of Professor Milica Stojanovic-Zvonar The size of adaptive filters, determined by the extent of ocean multipath, increases with signaling rate and limits system performance through large noise enhancement and increased sensitivity of computationally efficient algorithms to numerical errors. The performance of a single-sensor decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is compared to the performance of a centralized multiuser receiver that jointly performs adaptive equalization and interference cancellation, and a decentralized multi-sensor DFE that performs spatial signal combining and multichannel equalization. Performance of an adaptive coherent receiver with maximum-ratio combining and that of a differentially coherent receiver with equal-gain combining are evaluated analytically, showing functional dependence on the fading rate of the channel and the number of active CDMA users. server1.cdsp.neu.edu /publications/stojanov   (985 words)

Full Rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Gradually FR will be replaced by Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) standards, which provide much higher speech quality with lower bit rate. The bit rate of the codec is 13 kbit/s. Full Rate or FR or GSM-FR was the first digital en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Full_Rate   (985 words)

Full Rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Gradually FR will be replaced by Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) standards, which provide much higher speech quality with lower bit rate. Full Rate or FR or GSM-FR was the first digital speech coding standard used in GSM digital mobile phone system. The quality of the coded speech is quite poor in modern standards, but at the time of development (early 1990s) it was a good compromise between computational complexity and quality. www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Full_Rate   (985 words)

AMR - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Adaptive Multi-Rate, a lossy digital speech compression scheme; also see AMR-WB and AMR-WB+ AMR is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below: ATI Multi Rendering, a proprietary video hardware technology en.wikipedia.org /wiki/AMR   (197 words)

3GPP specifications per WG: S4 Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech; ANSI-C code for the AMR speech codec Half Rate Speech; Performance Characterization of the GSM Half Rate speech codec Half rate speech; Test sequences for the GSM half rate speech codec www.3gpp.org /ftp/Specs/html-info/TSG-WG--S4.htm   (1373 words)

Speech Recognition/Synthesis- Application Notes GSM Adaptive Multi-Rate Voice Coding on the TMS320C62x(TM) DSP (spra625.htm, 0 KB) GSM Enhanced Full Rate Speech Coder: Multichannel TMS320C62x Implementation (Rev. B) (spra565b.htm, 1 KB) IS-127 Enhanced Var Rate Speech Coder:Multichannel TMS320C62x Implementation (Rev. B) (spra566b.htm, 1 KB) focus.ti.com /docs/apps/catalog/resources/applicationnotes.jhtml?appId=253   (1373 words)

IND RWTH Aachen - Veröffentlichungen Wideband Speech Coding for the GSM Adaptive Multi Rate System Robust transmission in a GSM full rate channel is feasible with an appropriate error protection scheme. We discuss the requirements for the design of an AMR wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec and present an experimental source coding algorithm operating at a bit rate of 13.0 kbit/s. www.ind.rwth-aachen.de /publications/ce_itg00.html   (1373 words)

ICSLP'02 Abstract: Fingscheidt et al. The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec standardized for GSM and UMTS however delivers an acceptable speech quality way down to C/I ratios of about 4 dB in the GSM full-rate speech channel. For a GSM full-rate channel it turns out that an NSR system based on AMR coding indeed is comparable to DSR approaches. Distributed speech recognition (DSR) is motivated by the fact that codecs used in speech transmission usually reveal a degrading voice quality below some channel quality (carrier-to-interferer ratio C/I), which justifies efficient coding of features with an appropriate channel coding in the mobile terminal. www.isca-speech.org /archive/icslp_2002/i02_2209.html   (1373 words)

The Astronomer - February 2005 The StarCodecs vocoders are GSM Full Rate (FR), GSM Half Rate (HR), GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR), and GSM Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) bundled with EFR. StarCodecs consist of highly optimized GSM vocoders that adhere to the standards of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (www.etsi.com). These vocoders, available in object code form and in source code form, are optimized for the wireless handset market on the StarCore SC1200 and SC1400 processor cores and feature an extremely small memory footprint and reduced cycle count. www.starcore-dsp.com /astronomer/issues/astronomer_feb_2005.shtml   (1373 words)

adaptive_multi-rate Conversion between AMR (Adaptive Multi-rate Codec) file formats Eric Woudenberg, Feb 2003 (eaw@connact.com) Formats There appear to be [at least] two file formats for AMR codec data. The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Speech Codec The AMR codecs was originally developed and standardized by the... AMR - Wideband - Adaptive Multi Rate, Training, Release 99 W-AMR - Wideband - Adaptive Multi Rate, Training, Release 99 W-AMR - Wideband - Adaptive Multi Rate, Training, Release 99 W-AMR (Wideband... adaptive_multi-rate.networklive.org   (1373 words)

GSM 06.90 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction Coder (MR-ACELP),Vocoder The transcoding procedure specified in GSM 06.90 is applicable for the adaptive multi-rate full rate and half rate speech traffic channels (TCH) in the GSM system. The multi-rate ACELP coder is referred to as MR-ACELP. The coding scheme for the multi-rate coding modes is the so-called Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction Coder, hereafter referred to as ACELP. www.vocal.com /data_sheets/gsmamr.html   (1373 words)

Multi-planar volumetric display system and method of operation (US6100862) a floating-image generator for projecting the first volumetric three-dimensional image from the multi-surface optical device to generate a second volumetric three-dimensional image viewable as floating in space at a location separate from the multi-surface optical device. The image projector may include adaptive optics for rapidly focusing the images, or a plurality of laser light sources for projecting red, green, and blue laser light to generate and project the images in a plurality of colors. The image projector projects the images into the multi-surface optical device to generate the entire first volumetric three-dimensional image at a rate greater than 35 Hz to prevent human-perceivable image flicker, so the image projector projects the images onto a respective optical element at a rate of at least 2 kHz. www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06100862__   (659 words)

Jack Winters' Home Page. Invented and demonstrated techniques for adaptive equalization at multi-Gbps data rates, including adaptive decision feedback equalization, which has been implemented at 10 Gbps on a single decision circuit IC, and linear equalization, for mitigating the intersymbol interference that limits the achievable data rate in future systems. Was the first to demonstrate the equalization of polarization mode dispersion, overcoming a major impediment to higher data rates in lightwave systems, including the use of adaptive polarization control at 2.5 Gbps. Showed that with conventional differential detection and intersymbol interference, frequency uncertainty, or noise correlation, the error rate is unequal for different symbols, but this difference can be decreased and error rate reduced by using symmetrical differential encoding or adjusting the decision boundaries in the receiver. www.jackwinters.com /bio.html   (3024 words)

Jack Winters' Home Page. Invented and demonstrated techniques for adaptive equalization at multi-Gbps data rates, including adaptive decision feedback equalization, which has been implemented at 10 Gbps on a single decision circuit IC, and linear equalization, for mitigating the intersymbol interference that limits the achievable data rate in future systems. Was the first to demonstrate the equalization of polarization mode dispersion, overcoming a major impediment to higher data rates in lightwave systems, including the use of adaptive polarization control at 2.5 Gbps. Showed that with conventional differential detection and intersymbol interference, frequency uncertainty, or noise correlation, the error rate is unequal for different symbols, but this difference can be decreased and error rate reduced by using symmetrical differential encoding or adjusting the decision boundaries in the receiver. www.jackwinters.com /bio.html   (3024 words)

Praxis Advanced Suspensions The nucleus of the Praxis Adaptive Performance Suspension System is its multi-rate Firestone air-springs that change suspension spring rate and vehicle ride height at the same time. In order to create the world’s first aftermarket Adaptive Performance Suspension System for driving enthusiasts, Bridgestone/Firestone utilized the same corporate capabilities that have manufactured Original Equipment air springs since the early 1980s for consumer vehicles like the Lincoln Continental, Land Rover and Hummer H2, as well as commercial over-the-road vehicles. The Praxis Adaptive Performance Suspension System has been developed as an engineered system that balances the influence of key performance components from the tires to the chassis. www.tirerack.com /suspension/praxis.jsp   (178 words)

Charmed Wb in TutorGig Encyclopedia Adaptive Multi Rate WideBand or AMR WB is a speech coding standard developed after the Adaptive Multi... VMR WB is a source controlled variable rate multimode codec designed for robust encoding decoding of wideband narrowband speech. WB RMX is an album by The Residents. www.tutorgig.com /es/Charmed+Wb   (178 words)

CSC442 Advanced Signal Processing -- Lecturer TBA. The topics of the 1997 ADSP course practical work were implementation of FFT algorithms for spectrum analysis, real-time multi-rate digital signal processing and implementation of real-time adaptive filters for noise reduction. This unit will cover some of the following topics: fast algorithms for digital signal processing; quantization effects in digital signal processing and implementation issues; applications of cross- and auto-correlations; modulation, deconvolution and system identification; power spectrum estimation; multi-rate digital signal processing; adaptive filters; Kalman filters; applications of digital signal processors. The assessment for this unit is based on the practical work, including implementation, demonstration and the report, related to the course material. www.csse.monash.edu.au /hons/1999/node9.html   (129 words)

3GPP specification series: 26series Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec; Interface to Iu and Uu Speech codec list for GSM and UMTS ANSI-C code for the floating-point Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec AMR speech Codec; comfort noise for AMR Speech Traffic Channels www.3gpp.org /ftp/specs/html-info/26-series.htm   (129 words)

amr.txt Technical Summary This document specifies a real-time transport protocol (RTP) payload format to be used for Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec (AMR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband Codec (AMR-WB) encoded speech signals. It is planned that AMR codec payloads will be used with UDP-lite, a transport protocol close to UDP, except that the checksum covers only a specified first n bytes of the datagram, thus permitting the delivery of partially errored payloads all the way to voice applications. The AMR codec was originally developed and standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) for GSM cellular systems. www.cs.columbia.edu /~hgs/rtp/amr.txt   (129 words)

Configured packages Optional features include T.38, G.728, G.729, G.729D, G.729E, GSM Full Rate, GSM Half Rate, GSM Enhanced Full Rate, GSM Adaptive Multi-Rate and G.168 Line Echo Canceller with variable tail length of up to 128 msec. The gateway voice codec system for the Analog Devices ADSP-21mod9XX family of DSPs is designed to meet or exceed the requirements for H.323/H.324/MGCP/SIP. VOCAL modem software libraries include a complete range of ITU compliant modulations, optimized for execution on ADSP-21xx DSP architectures from Analog Devices Inc. This software is modular and can be executed as a single task under a variety of operating systems or it can execute standalone with its own microkernel. www.vocal.com /sw_pkg   (129 words)

ADAPTIVE SOURCE-CHANNEL SUBBAND VIDEO CODING FOR WIRELESS CHANNELS Cheung and Zakhor [4] consider the problem in the context of three-dimensional subband coding using multi-rate quantization also using a bit-sensitivity approach. For each subband, the source coding rate as well as the level of protection (quantified by the channel coding rate) are jointly chosen to minimize the total mean-squared distortion suffered by the video coder. The aim of a joint source-channel coding approach is to optimally allocate bits between the source and channel coders to minimize total distortion, while satisfying a constraint on the total rate. www.umiacs.umd.edu /users/murari/mmsp97/mmsp97.html   (1691 words)

ECS EPrints Service - Adaptive minimum symbol-error-rate decision feedback equalization for multilevel pulse-amplitude modulation Chen, S., Hanzo, L. and Mulgrew, B. Adaptive minimum symbol-error-rate decision feedback equalization for multilevel pulse-amplitude modulation. Adaptive minimum symbol-error-rate decision feedback equalization for multilevel pulse-amplitude modulation (deposited 28 June 2004) [Currently Displayed] Adaptive minimum symbol-error-rate decision feedback equalization for multilevel pulse-amplitude modulation www.bib.ecs.soton.ac.uk /records/5301   (241 words)

ISBA2000 : Invited Papers The statistical analysis was based on a multi-state Bayesian model, and was divided into two steps: in the first one, a multi-state model was built, and in the second step this model was used in order to evaluate the modifications of the mortality rates under various hypotheses. Nonparametric Bayesian models refrains from specifying a single prior P, but instead assumes a second level hyperprior process on P. They are perceived to be more flexible and data adaptive compared to their parametric alternatives. For model comparisons, Bayes factors require proper priors, and criterion based statistics such as the L measure (Ibrahim and Laud, 1994) will not be well defined for cure rate models since the cure rate model does not have a proper probability density. www.ntua.gr /ISBA2000/new/Fin_sessions_1.html   (241 words)

U.S. Pregrant 20040062274 - Efficient in-band signaling for discontinuous transmission and configuration changes in adaptive multi-rate communications systems Efficient in-band signaling for discontinuous transmission and configuration changes in adaptive multi-rate communications systems U.S. Pregrant 20040062274 - Efficient in-band signaling for discontinuous transmission and configuration changes in adaptive multi-rate communications systems Techniques for discontinuous transmission (DTX) and fast in-band signaling of configuration changes and protocol messages in speech communications systems provide cost efficiency in terms of radio transmission capacity, in terms of fixed line transmission, and in terms of implementation effort. cxp.paterra.com /uspregrant20040062274.html   (272 words)

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