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Topic: Adela Pankhurst

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	Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst Papers
		Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst was born in Manchester on May 5, 1882, the second daughter of Dr. Richard Marsden Pankhurst (1836-1898) and Emmeline Goulden Pankhurst (1858-1928).
		During these revolutionary years Sylvia Pankhurst was continuously watched by the authorities and from October 1920 to May 1921 she was in prison once again, this time for alleged seditious articles in The Dreadnought.
		Correspondence of E.S. Pankhurst and the WWC, i.a.
	www.iisg.nl /archives/en/files/p/10765900full.php (5505 words)

	Christabel Pankhurst Summary
		Pankhurst was born in 1880, the daughter of feminist activist Emmeline Pankhurst and lawyer Richard Marsden Pankhurst.
		Pankhurst decided to limit the efforts of the WSPU solely to the cause of obtaining votes for women and to aim her recruitment efforts at middle- and upper-class women.
		Pankhurst argued that wealthier women had the power to change things for all women, and that suffrage was such an important issue that it should not be diluted by other causes.
	www.bookrags.com /Christabel_Pankhurst (2075 words)

	Green Left - From Fabian to fascist
		Adela was banished to Australia by her mother in 1914, where she joined the Australian suffragist Vida Goldstein's Women's Political Association, which, though not Marxist, opposed capitalism.
		Adela discovered the IWW, became an organiser for the Victorian Socialist Party, was one of the 26 founders of the CPA in 1920 and married Tom Walsh, the firebrand Seamen's Union militant and official.
		No amount of explanation of Adela's "intense emotional style" or her "naive" support for fascism as an economic form of socialism, or sympathy for her good-hearted and sentimental concern for the poor, can excuse the activist choice she made for capitalism and then fascism.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1996/251/13225 (992 words)

	Pankhurst, Adela - Australian Women Biographical entry
		Adela Pankhurst was a feminist and pacifist whose political affiliations shifted from communism to strong anti-communism over her lifetime of activism.
		Born in England, the daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst, Adela was involved with the British suffrage movement from her teenage years and then the Women's Social and Political Union which was founded by her mother and sisters in 1904.
		Pankhurst used this conservative patriotic organisation as a platform to advocate the need for industrial cooperation, and she frequently spoke out against strikes.
	www.womenaustralia.info /biogs/AWE0097b.htm (577 words)

	Walsh, Thomas (Tom) (1871 - 1943) Biographical Entry - Australian Dictionary of Biography Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Adela was born on 19 June 1885 at Chorlton upon Medlock, Manchester, Lancashire, England, third daughter of Richard Marsden Pankhurst, barrister-at-law, and his wife Emmeline, née Goulden.
		Adela became a paid organizer for the W.S.P.U., operating mainly in Yorkshire where contact with working-class women developed her interest in improving conditions for them.
		Adela maintained her optimistic outlook on human nature and her faith that human institutions could operate for equal benefit to all.
	www.adb.online.anu.edu.au /biogs/A120418b.htm (1500 words)

	Florence Boos: Study Questions, Comprehensive Examinations, Bibliographies and Other Materials
		Pankhurst led delegation to Parliament to ask if the Prime Minister could hold out any hope for enfranchisement, now or in the future; his answer was no. The police intervened and flung her to the ground.
		Pankhurst incited the suffragettes to “rush the House of Commons,” and she, Christabel and Flora Drummond were arrested for breach of peace.
		Pankhurst, and Sylvia met in Paris and agreed that the latter--more identified with the problems of the poor and a supporter of universal suffrage--should separate and form the East London Federation; Christabel saw the Conservatives as the party most likely to give women the vote, and would concentrate her energies to this end.
	www.english.uiowa.edu /courses/boos/questions/womsuffrage.htm (5106 words)

	multitrivia >> Emmeline Pankhurst >> Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Her other daughter, Adela Pankhurst emigrated to Australia where she was politically active in first the Communist Party of Australia and then the fascist Australia First Movement.
		Mrs Pankhurst's tactics for drawing attention to the movement led to her being imprisoned several times but, because of her high profile, she did not at first endure the same privations as many of the imprisoned working-class suffragettes.
		Pankhurst threw all her energies and all her influence into the effort, which now, designated itself pro-war and pro-conscription.
	www.multitrivia.net /people/EmmelinePankhurst/index.php (924 words)

	Books \| How the vote was won
		One of the greatest orators and agitators for democracy in the 20th century, Emmeline Pankhurst contrasts sharply with the less colourful Millicent Garrett Fawcett, leader of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, the constitutional, law-abiding wing of the campaign.
		Kenney was an energetic WSPU activist, speaker and organiser, as was Adela Pankhurst, Emmeline's third daughter.
		Billinghurst, the "cripple suffragette" who flew the suffragette colours of purple, white and green from her wheelchair, went on hunger strike and endured the torture of forcible feeding as did around 1,000 other activists, who saw the invasion of the body by tubes as akin to rape.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,4766622-99937,00.html (576 words)

	International women's day
		Her actions shocked ‘polite society’ where middle class women were expected to be passive and act with decorum as ‘wives and mothers’.Christabel broke all the rules and was denounced from all sides, by the leaders of the NUWSS and by Ramsey McDonald.
		Adela Pankhurst was regarded as ‘too socialist’ and she was despatched to Australia where Emmeline thought she would be out of the way.
		Sylvia Pankhurst had developed a very different view from her mother and older sister of how the vote for women could be achieved.
	www.fifthinternational.org /LFIfiles/suffrage2003.html (3682 words)

	Adela Pankhurst: The Wayward Suffragette, 1885-1961
		As the youngest daughter of the famous British suffragette family, Adela Pankhurst's life began as it would continue: among thinkers and activists.
		Arriving in Melbourne in 1914, Adela was quickly involved with the women's movement and the anti-war and anti-conscription movements.
		Feisty, eager and inspirational, Adela Pankhurst brought a whole-hearted commitment to her various campaigns, and to read her biography is to be caught up in the heady excitement of some of the most significant political causes of the twentieth century.
	www.bookworm.com.au /shop/scditem.asp?ProdID=15751 (192 words)

	Forging The Nation - Vida Goldstein
		She recruited Adela Pankhurst, recently arrived from England as an organiser.
		Pankhurst wrote Put up the sword and was gaoled for her radical activities.
		Adela Pankhurst was recruited as an organiser for the Women's Peace Army in Melbourne by Vida Goldstein.
	www.awm.gov.au /forging/australians/goldstein.htm (209 words)

	Inkwel 1996/4 - Review: The Wayward Suffragette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The women's movement will be grateful to Verna Coleman for this fascinating exploration of the life of Adela Pankhurst, first in England at the side of her more famous mother Emmeline, then in Australia pursuing feminist and communist causes.
		A thinker and activist, Adela took part in the suffragette cause with her mother and was among those arrested.
		We are left with admiration for Adela and the contribution she made to feminism, and pity for the waywardness that led her into blind alleys and alienated her from her supporters.
	www.wel.org.au /inkwel/ink964/964suffra.htm (499 words)

	What did the Suffragettes do - Andrew Rosen
		Mrs Pankhurst was not expected to appear on the platform, for her sentence was to run until 20 March.
		Christabel Pankhurst wrote: `Moved by the spirit of pure chivalry, Miss Garnett took what she thought to be the best available means of avenging the insult done to womanhood by the Government to which Mr.
		Mrs Pankhurst had not known beforehand that the explosion was planned, but on 19 February she said that she had advised, incited, and conspired, and the authorities need not look for the women who had plated the bomb because she herself accepted full responsibility for the deed.
	www.johndclare.net /Women1_SuffragetteActions_Rosen.htm (5272 words)

	Scotland's forgotten sisters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		She also chaired Pankhurst’s 1911 meeting at Nairn, and when militant suffragettes torched the medieval church of Whitekirk in East Lothian (a symbolic action, according to Leneman, in response to "medieval" practices such as force-feeding in Scottish prisons), Lady Betty chaired a restoration fund.
		Archdale was particularly close to Pankhurst and assisted her in compiling a database of active suffragettes during the war years.
		According to Macpherson, “Both women went on to reform society as their mothers had bid them, but both of them were a bit damaged by it too.” She suggests that Archdale suppressed her sexuality throughout her life, and concludes that “for all her education, Betty hadn’t been schooled in the language of love”.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/scotsman/sisters.htm (2986 words)

	Books \| Militant misses
		A central place is given, however, to Lancashire lass Adela Pankhurst, the third and youngest daughter of Richard and Emmeline.
		Reared in a progressive atmosphere, the fragile Adela, always apart from her sisters Christabel and Sylvia, wanted to redeem humankind.
		When she moved to London in 1906, where the WSPU headquarters were relocated from Manchester, Adela came into her own, often taking the place of her hard-pressed mother at suffrage meetings.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,329523773-110738,00.html (574 words)

	Pankhurst, Adela Constantia Mary - Biographical entry - Reason in Revolt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pankhurst, Adela Constantia Mary - Biographical entry - Reason in Revolt
		Pankhurst was one of the leaders of the Women's Peace Army.
		She was jailed for agitation in support of the 1917 general strike in New South Wales.
	www.reasoninrevolt.net.au /biogs/E000198b.htm (158 words)

	Walsh, Adela Pankhurst - Australian Trade Union Archives Biographical entry
		Suffragette and activist for women’s and workers’ rights, Adela Pankhurst-Walsh began her career as a paid organiser for the Women’s Social and Political Union, an organisation founded in England by her mother and sisters.
		She arrived in Australia in 1914 and soon found work as an organiser for Vida Goldstein.
		Pankhurst-Walsh became increasingly known as an anti-communist and toured extensively during the Depression on behalf of the Australian Women’s Guild of Empire, speaking about improved working conditions and workplace relations.
	www.atua.org.au /biogs/ALE1124b.htm (172 words)

	Pankhurst, Adela Constantia Mary (1885 - 1961) Biographical Entry - Australian Dictionary of Biography Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Survived by a son and two daughters, she died on 23 May 1961 in a Wahroonga hospital and was buried with Catholic rites beside her husband.
		Print Publication Details: Susan Hogan, 'Pankhurst, Adela Constantia Mary (1885 - 1961)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 12, Melbourne University Press, 1990, pp 372-374.
		Susan Hogan, 'Pankhurst, Adela Constantia Mary (1885 - 1961)',
	www.adb.online.anu.edu.au /biogs/A120729b.htm (1512 words)

	Scotland on Sunday - Review - Equal rights and wrongs in a fight for the female vote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		She is good on May Billinghurst’s unscrupulous exploitation of her wheel-cart as a physical and psychological weapon; and on the efficacy of Millicent Fawcett’s witty use of the threat of female violence that she would not herself have committed.
		Indeed, it is something of an irony that a disproportionate number of the suffragettes ended up living outside Britain, in Australia or America or South Africa, far from the windows they had smashed, and the policemen they had abused and been abused by.
		The nature of the support of Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst for the First World War was often foolish; and although Adela was on the other side here, she later flirted with both communism and National Socialism - her revulsion against communism bringing her to believe that Hitler was not as bad as he was painted.
	scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com /review.cfm?id=1153112003 (541 words)

	Perspective - 27 July 2005 - Barbara Winter
		In 1914-18, it was associated with the anti-conscription movement, and was connected with John Curtin, former suffragette Adela Pankhurst Walsh and the Seamen's Union president, Tom Walsh.
		For some years they'd been paid by the Japanese to influence politicians and write propaganda, and Adela had been very friendly with at least two of the Consuls-General.
		Late in 1941, Adela began to urge the key men in the group to found a formal Australia-First Movement, and the financial records of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce, combined with the reports of the Security Service, give reason to believe that she did this at of their behest.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/perspective/stories/2005/1423788.htm (696 words)

	Emily
		Pankhurst was a socialist involved in the Women’s Social and Political Union, and was active in the Labour Party.
		Pankhurst finally broke her ties with the WSPU in 1912 when it not only embraced militant tactics such as ruining golf courses, breaking street lamps, and slashing trolley seats, but it began to embrace widespread arson.
		It also shows how much influence the townspeople have in pleading for her release on many occasions during the incident until finally she, Adela Pankhurst, Lucy Burns, and Margaret Smith are hauled away to jail.
	student.plattsburgh.edu /schm1889/lessons.htm (4517 words)

	Renegades and Rats
		Renegades and Rats traces betrayal in the labour movements of Britain and Australia through the careers of activists as diverse as H. Champion, W. Trenwith, John Burns and Adela Pankhurst Walsh.
		But betrayal of the working-class cause is not confined to Australia and, in the end, may not be as destructive as it first appears.
		The drama surrounding accusations of disloyalty is vividly conveyed, the individual stories enhanced by insights into the language of betrayal and the role of the rat in political fiction.
	www.mup.unimelb.edu.au /catalogue/0-522-85309-9.html (252 words)

	Christabel Pankhurst - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pressing Problems of the Closing Age by Christabel Pankhurst (Morgan and Scott Ltd., 1924)
		Sylvia and Christabel Pankhurst by Barbara Castle (Penguin Books, 1987) ISBN 0-14-008762-3
		Blue Plaque for Suffragette Leaders Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christabel_Pankhurst (493 words)

	Odinic Rite Australia - Odinists behind Barbed-wire
		The chief proponent of this isolationist position was the Australia First Movement, which urged that "Australia should look to its own interests without regard to the total allied strategy".
		This movement was supported by the poet Ian Mudie, novelist Miles Franklin, Sir Thomas Gordon, Adela Pankhurst Walsh of the famous suffragette family, and the Women’s Guild of Empire.
		It was led by Percy Reginald Stephenson (1901-1965).
	www.geocities.com /osred/aussie_odinists_behind_wire.htm (1213 words)

	Renegades and Rats
		Accusations of betrayal played a significant role in the shaping and maintenance of solidarity in socialist and other modern radical political organisations in Australia and Britain.
		This fascinating study of trust and betrayal focuses on case studies of 6 ‘rats’ or renegades: H.H. Champion; William Trenwith; John Burns; Albert Victor Grayson; Adela Pankhurst Walsh; and Ada Holman.
		Given the highly gendered code of honour that bound workers to act in solidarity, it is not surprising that there have been few prominent female rats.
	www.mup.unimelb.edu.au /ebooks/0-522-85310-2/index.html (1183 words)

	Glossary of Events: Wo
		It was generally only after the First World War that Women's Suffrage was achieved, with 28 countries granting the vote to women between 1914 and 1939.
		The most famous advocates of women's suffrage, Sylvia and Adela Pankhurst, were Marxists.
		The Revolution gave women the vote in Russia, but it was not until 1971 that women got the vote in Switzerland.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/appsoc/tmp_store/mia/Library/glossary/events/w/o.htm (2337 words)

	The origins of the CPA
		From Melbourne came C.W. Baker of the Victorian Socialist Party communists, and Guido Barrachi from the group around Andrade's Bookshop.
		Representing another small communist group was the secretary of the Seamen's Union, Tom Walsh, and his wife Adela Pankhurst.
		The two main currents were Garden's Trades Hall Reds and the ASP, and they represented two quite different political approaches, particularly in regard to the Australian Labor Party.
	www.angelfire.com /pr/red/cpa/origins_of_the_cpa.htm (2897 words)

	[No title]
		The consequences of the war for women and children were the same, regardless of their nationality.
		In 1915 Pankhurst wrote Dear women of all nations, we have no quarrel with you.We do not want to wreck your homesand spoil your children’s lives This is men’s way to safety.
		As the war went on, these publications gave full vent to the anti-Germanist atmosphere which held sway in Australia.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~comphist/documents/lilith.doc (2052 words)

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