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Topic: Adenosine deaminase

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	biology - Adenosine deaminase
		Adenosine deaminase (sometimes known as ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism.
		It is needed for the breakdown of adenosine from food and from the turnover of nucleic acids in tissues.
		Mutations in the gene for adenosine deaminase are one cause of severe combined immunodeficiency.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Adenosine_deaminase (104 words)

	Adenosine Deaminase
		Adenosine is both a metabolic precursor for nucleic acids (intracellular adenosine) and a significant signalling molecule involved in regulation of various physiological processes.
		However, adenosine usually comprises <10% of the total purine efflux in hippocampus, whereas the remainder appears as the adenosine metabolites inosine, hypoxanthine, or xanthine (Lloyd et al., 1993), which imply that adenosine deaminase is relatively important in clearing the extracellular adenosine.
		Meng,J.P., Zhang,F.P., Huhtaniemi,I., and Pakarinen,P. Characterization and developmental expression of a testis-specific adenosine deaminase mRNA in the mouse.
	www.entu.cas.cz /fyziol/seminars/ada.html (5385 words)

	s020501a - Pericardial Effusion - ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) Test
		Adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of pleural effusions.
		Adenosine deaminase activity measured in the pericardial fluid of 108 patients was initially of undetermined origin.
		Measurement of adenosine deaminase activity in the pericardial fluid is a supplementary diagnostic test which is as important as for tuberculous pericarditis as it is for tuberculous pleuritis, because negative Ziehl Neelsen staining and culture for tubercle bacillus are common in tuberculous pericarditis.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch01/s020501a.html (3008 words)

	ADAR - adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The interferon-inducible RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is an RNA-editing enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine in double-stranded RNA structures.
		The RNA-specific adenosine deaminase, ADAR, is an interferon-inducible RNA-editing enzyme that catalyzes the site-selective C-6 deamination of adenosine to inosine.
		The interferon-inducible RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is an RNA editing enzyme implicated in the site-selective deamination of adenosine to inosine in cellular pre-mRNAs.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/86243.html (3479 words)

	ipedia.com: Adenosine Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Adenosine plays an important role in biochemical processes, such as energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - as well as in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP.
		Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent SVTs, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent.
		When adenosine enters the circulation, it is broken down by adenosine deaminase, which is present in red cells and the vessel wall.
	www.ipedia.com /adenosine.html (437 words)

	Adenosine Deaminase inhibition increases interstitial adenosine concentrtions, post-reperfusion blood flow and survival ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Adenosine Deaminase inhibition increases interstitial adenosine concentrtions, post-reperfusion blood flow and survival in rat livers
		Interstitial adenosine concentrations were measured by the microdialysis technique and blood flow by Laser Doppler flowmetry (given in perfusion units) after donor laparotomy (T0), after EHNA injection (T1), and after reperfusion (T2 and T3), in an orthotop liver transplant model.
		Adenosine deaminase inhibition appears to be a valuable adjunct to improve low flow during reperfusion and might improve clinical liver preservation.
	www.a-s-t.org /library/abstracts99/335.htm (286 words)

	CHEST: Adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion; is it really an ideal test? A word of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme found in most cells, are increased in tuberculous pleural effusions, and this determination has acquired popularity as a diagnostic test in high-incidence areas for TPE because it is not invasive, the assay is not expensive, and it is readily accessible.
		(2) Kataria YP, Khurshid I. Adenosine deaminse in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.
		Increased pleural fluid adenosine deaminase in brucellosis is difficult to differentiate from tuberculosis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_2_127/ai_n11850183 (1207 words)

	Adenosine deaminase activity in sera of AIDS patients with cerebral lesion.
		Adenosine deaminase activity in sera of AIDS patients with cerebral lesion.
		METHODS: Adenosine deaminase activity was estimated in sera of three groups of subjects: A) 26 AIDS patients with cerebral lesion proved by computerized tomographic scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging (4 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, 16 atrophy, 6 neurotoxoplasmosis); B) 5 AIDS patients without proved cerebral lesion; C) 20 blood donors as control.
		DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of adenosine deaminase activity in sera of AIDS patients may be an early laboratory marker of cerebral lesion and an easy parameter to value the trend of the actual lesions.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1991/dec/M91C3508.html (425 words)

	Adenosine deaminase deficient transgenic mice and methods for the use thereof (US6207876)
		Hershfield.and Mitchell, "Immunodeficiency diseases caused by adenosine deaminase deficiency and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency," In: The Metabolic and Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease.
		Knudsen et al., "Ontogeny of adenosine deaminase in the mouse decidua and placenta: immunolocalization and embryo transfer studies," Biol.
		Wakamiya et al., Disruption of the adenosine deaminase gene causes hepatocellular impairment and perinatal impairment in mice, Proc.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06207876__ (2233 words)

	Adenosine Deaminase Inhibition Prevents Free Radical-mediated Injury in the Postischemic Heart -- Xia et al. 271 (17): ...
		Therefore, studies were performed to determine the effect of adenosine deaminase inhibition on the formation of xanthine oxidase substrates as well as upon free radical generation and free radical-mediated contractile dysfunction.
		To determine if adenosine deaminase inhibition prevented postischemic injury and enhanced the recovery of contractile function after reperfusion, a series of 14 hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion, and hemodynamic indexes were continuously recorded.
		Adenosine deaminase blockade is only one of several ways to inhibit the formation and accumulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine in ischemic tissues.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/271/17/10096 (5902 words)

	MULTIPLE ISO-FORMS OF CAPRINE ADENOSINE DEAMINASE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Adenosine levels are mainly modulated by two enzymes: adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase (ADA, E.C.3.5.4.4).
		For the determination of ADA optimum pH in the fractions from the chromatographic column the same buffer was used (sodium phosphate buffer, 50mM) to solubilize adenosine by varying the pH from 6.0 to 8.0.
		Ungerer, J.P.J., Burger, H.M., Bissbort, S.H. and Vermaak, W.J.H.: Adenosine deaminase isoenzymes in typhoid fever.
	www.isrvma.org /article/55_4_4.htm (2025 words)

	Adenosine-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation in Adenosine Deaminase-Deficient Mice -- Zhong et al. 298 (2): 433 -- ...
		Auchampach JA, Jin X, Wan TC, Caughey GH and Linden J (1997) Canine mast cell adenosine receptors: cloning and expression of the A3 receptor and evidence that degranulation is mediated by the A2B receptor.
		Blackburn MR, Volmer JB, Thrasher JL, Zhong H, Crosby JR, Lee JJ and Kellems RE (2000b) Metabolic consequences of adenosine deaminase deficiency in mice are associated with defects in alveogenesis, pulmonary inflammation and airway obstruction.
		(1995) Disruption of the adenosine deaminase gene causes hepatocellular impairment and perinatal lethality in mice.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/298/2/433 (5024 words)

	Adenosine deaminase deficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC 3.5.4.4) catalyses the deamination of adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine to inosine or 2'-deoxyinosine respectively (Fig.
		Adenosine has been found in plasma (2-10 µmol/l) and urine (0-0.06 mmol/mmol creatinine) in some, but not all, cases.
		Franco R, Aran J M, Colomer D, Matutes E, Vive-Corrons J L 1990 Association of adenosine deaminase with erythrocne and platelet plasma membrane: an immunological study using light and electron microscopy.
	www.amg.gda.pl /~essppmm/ppd/ppd_pu_ada.html (1583 words)

	Inhibiting adenosine deaminase modulates the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in endotoxemia and sepsis -- ...
		Blockade of adenosine receptors (8-SPT) amplified this response, whereas inhibiting adenosine deaminase with pentostatin attenuated tissue TBARS concentrations.
		Influence of adenosine on the stimulatory effect of isoprenaline and insulin on myocardial contractility in vivo.
		Adenosine increases interleukin-6 release and decreases tumour necrosis factor release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells, ovarian cells, anterior pituitary cells, and peritoneal macrophages.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/5/R1324 (4495 words)

	Human Biology: Novel tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human adenosine deaminase gene: Interethnic comparison ...
		Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2'-deoxyinosine, respectively.
		The human genes for S-adenosylhomocisteine hydrolase and adenosine deaminase are synthenic on chromosome 20.
		Localization of human adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene sequences to the q12-q13.11 region of chromosome 20 by in situ hybridization.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_199604/ai_n8743913 (1337 words)

	Diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase in nontuberculous lymphocytic pleural effusions -- Jiménez Castro et al. ...
		Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase and lymphocyte proportion: clinical usefulness in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
		Simultaneous measurements of adenosine deaminase activity and tuberculostearic acid in pleural effusion for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis.
		Value of adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusions in young patients in a region of high prevalence of tuberculosis.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/21/2/220 (1845 words)

	Cooperative effect of adenosine deaminase and ABO-secretor genetic complex on susceptibility to childhood asthma -- ...
		Cooperative effect of adenosine deaminase and ABO-secretor genetic complex on susceptibility to childhood asthma -- Bottini et al.
		Cooperative effect of adenosine deaminase and ABO-secretor genetic complex on susceptibility to childhood asthma
		A genetic basis for heterogeneity of asthma syndrome in pediatric ages: adenosine deaminase phenotypes.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/20/6/1613-a (930 words)

	Adenosine Molecule
		Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose, and it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine.
		Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between reactions.
		adenosine deaminase, allows adenosine to accumulate in the blood stream.
	www.worldofmolecules.com /life/adenosine.htm (371 words)

	Adenosine Deaminase in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion -- Kataria and Khurshid 120 (2): 334 -- Chest
		Adenosine Deaminase in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion -- Kataria and Khurshid 120 (2): 334 -- Chest
		Adenosine Deaminase in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion
		Ungerer, JPJ, Oosthuizen, HM, Retief, JH, et al (1994) Significance of adenosine, deaminase and its isoenzymes in tuberculous effusions.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/120/2/334 (1734 words)

	Adenosine kinase inhibition promotes survival of fetal adenosine deaminase-deficient thymocytes by blocking dATP ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		of adenosine receptors and inhibition of SAH hydrolase.
		Hershfield, M.S., and Mitchell, B.S. Immunodeficiency diseases caused by adenosine deaminase deficiency and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency.
		Disruption of the adenosine deaminase gene causes hepatocellular impairment and perinatal lethality in mice.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/110/3/395 (4549 words)

	Efficient, Low-Cost Protein Factories: Expression of Human Adenosine Deaminase in Baculovirus-Infected Insect Larvae -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Human adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4), a key purine salvage enzyme essential for immune competence, has been overproduced in Spodoptera frugiperda cells and in Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) larvae infected with recombinant baculovirus.
		The recombinant human adenosine deaminase represented 10% of the total cellular protein and exhibited a specific activity of 70 units/mg of protein in crude homogenate.
		The recombinant human adenosine deaminase was purified to homogeneity from both insect cells and larvae and demonstrated to be identical to native adenosine deaminase purified from human cells with respect to molecular weight, interaction with polyclonal anti-adenosine deaminase antibody, and enzymatic properties.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/87/7/2760 (368 words)

	NEJM -- Severe combined immunodeficiency and adenosine deaminase deficiency
		Because others had described a lack of the enzyme adenosine deaminase as associated with severe combined immunodeficiency, we surveyed kindreds with infants affected with such an immunodeficiency.
		Eleven family members heterozygous for adenosine deaminase deficiency were encountered among the first-degree relatives; adenosine deaminase deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency were associated and inherited as autosomal recessive traits in both kindreds.
		Normal immunologic function was established in both children, but the deficiency of adenosine deaminase persisted in their erythrocytes.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/292/14/714 (259 words)

	p010502b - Tuberculous Peritonitis - Adenosine Deaminase Diagnosis
		Title: Ascitic fluid adenosine deaminase insensitivity in detecting tuberculous peritonitis in the United States.
		The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical utility of ascitic fluid ADA activity in diagnosing tuberculous peritonitis in a U.S. patient population.
		Abstract: The gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) concentration and the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity were evaluated in 30 patients with tuberculous peritonitis, 21 patients with ascites due to a malignant disorder, and 41 patients with cirrhosis.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch00/p010502b.html (585 words)

	Michael R. Blackburn, Ph.D.
		Adenosine is an extracellular signaling nucleoside that has profound effects on cellular growth, differentiation and homeostasis.
		Adenosine levels are tightly regulated in tissues and cells by the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA), that is responsible for the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine.
		Adenosine receptors are tightly coupled to effector enzymes such as adenylate cyclase and phospholypase C, by guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins.
	gsbs.uth.tmc.edu /tutorial/blackburn.html (488 words)

	Regulation of Adenosine Concentration and Cytoprotective Effects of Novel Reversible Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors -- ...
		Li, Y. and Kloner, R. Adenosine deaminase inhibition is not cardioprotective in the rat.
		Nimit, Y., Skolnick, P. and Daly, J. Adenosine and cyclic AMP in rat cerebral cortical slices: Effects of adenosine uptake inhibitors and adenosine deaminase inhibitors.
		Scotti, V. and Van Wylen, D. Increases in interstitial adenosine and cerebral blood flow with inhibition of adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/283/3/1230 (5379 words)

	The Salivary Adenosine Deaminase Activity of the Mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti -- Ribeiro et al. ...
		Adenosine deaminase (ADA) hydrolyzes adenosine to inosine and
		Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and AMP deaminase (AMP) activities in serotonin-induced saliva from adult female Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti.
		Poon, A. and Sawynok, J. Antinociception by adenosine analogs and inhibitors of adenosine metabolism in an inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia model in the rat.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/204/11/2001 (5343 words)

	Metabolic Consequences of Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency in Mice Are Associated with Defects in Alveogenesis, Pulmonary ...
		Metabolic Consequences of Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency in Mice Are Associated with Defects in Alveogenesis, Pulmonary Inflammation, and Airway Obstruction -- Blackburn et al.
		Metabolic Consequences of Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency in Mice Are Associated with Defects in Alveogenesis, Pulmonary Inflammation, and Airway Obstruction
		Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine catabolic enzyme that
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/192/2/159 (6514 words)

	ADA Deficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Nucleotide pool imbalance and adenosine deaminase deficiency induce alterations of N-region insertions during V(D)J recombination.
		Long-term expression of human adenosine deaminase in vascular smooth muscle cells of rats: a model for gene therapy.
		Adenosine deaminase isoenzyme levels in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /Courses/Immunology/Students/spring2000/lee/restricted/adadeficiency.html (1934 words)

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