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Rac1, but not RhoA, signaling protects epithelial adherens junction assembly during ATP depletion -- Gopalakrishnan et ... of cell-cell adhesion molecules that nucleate the assembly of adherens junctions (56). Adherens junctions are disrupted during ATP depletion by unknown disassembly mechanisms (33). adhesion and adherens junction assembly (5, 14, 15, 20, ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/283/1/C261   (6376 words)

Kathleen J. Green Laboratory Our laboratory is interested in the function and regulation of intercellular junction molecules in desmosomes and adherens junctions that act to mediate cell-cell adhesion and attachment of the cytoskeleton to the cell surface. The regulation of junction integrity is being addressed by studying the consequences of growth factor- and oncogene-dependent phosphorylation of individual components on their function and association with other proteins. Junction dynamics are being studied using state-of-the-art imaging techniques to track the movements of individual fluorescently-tagged molecules during desmosome assembly and in response to motility-inducing signals. dicty.cmb.northwestern.edu /green/green/Page2-0999.htm   (793 words)

Study Questions - Cell Junctions   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Describe the appearance of a gap junction in TEM and in freeze fracture replicas. Distinguish between a desmosome and an adherens junction in terms of function and appearance in TEM. Compare and contrast adherens junctions (particularly adhesion belts) and focal adhesions (aka focal contacts in chapter 16!) in terms of location, structure, composition, and function. www.umsl.edu /~starling/cell/study-qs/Exam-3/jns.htm   (339 words)

Cell adhesion structures In tissues, the establishment of strong adhesion or contractility is dependent on the assembly of adherens junction. Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are a family of immunoglobulin-like single-span transmembrane molecules that are expressed in endothelial cells, epithelial cells, leukocytes and myocardia. Gap junctions are specialised regions of the cell membrane in which each gap junction pore is formed by a juxtaposition of two hemichannels in neighbouring cells. herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514269306/html/x477.html   (2512 words)

Modern Pathology - Intercellular junctions in Ewing sarcoma//primitive neuroectodermal tumor: additional evidence of ... Of the tight junction markers, claudin-1 was expressed by 19 of 30 specimens (63%), ZO-1 was expressed by 15 of 29 specimens (51%), and occludin was expressed by three of 28 specimens (11%). The claudins are a family of approximately 20 homologous proteins that help determine tight junction structure and permeability, and which appear to be differentially expressed in tissues, with claudin-1 expression, for example, being relatively widespread among epithelia, and claudin-3 expression being confined to lung and liver epithelia. Desmosomes, along with adherens junctions, comprise the major adhesive junctions of epithelial cells, although they are also present in a variety of nonepithelial tissues, including myocardium, meningeal cells, and ovarian granulosa cells. www.nature.com /modpathol/journal/v18/n11/full/3800435a.html   (3026 words)

Cell Junctions -- Desmosomal Mutations Embryos surviving to later stages exhibit skin phenotypes: Large intercellular spaces are seen between keratinocytes and acantholysis and necrosis occurs in the granular layer of skin resmbling epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Plakoglobin is important for cardiac compliance but not for the attachment of the myofibrillar apparatus to adherens junctions. Loss of desmosomes has no effect on tissue polarity differentiation, or the formation of other types of junction but is required for egg cylinder elongation and expansion. celljunctions.med.nyu.edu /desmosomes/desmousemutations.html   (598 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Retroviral transduction of an activated mutant form of ARF6, ARF6(Q67L), in MDCK cells, led to a loss of adherens junctions, a redistribution of E-cadherin and a marked increase in the migratory potential of polarized epithelia. This effect of ARF6(Q67L) on adherens junction stability and turnover was specific since expression of the ARF6 mutants did not perturb tight junction assembly and the polarized distribution of apical and basolateral membrane proteins. Thus, by modulating the spatial distribution and traffic of cadherin-based junction components, the ARF6 GTPase regulates the acquisition of a migratory phenotype in epithelia and may function as critical determinant of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions. www.nd.edu /~jglazier/workshop2/dsouza.html   (276 words)

Drosophila gene families: Junctional proteins During and shortly after gastrulation, spot adherens junctions become concentrated at the apical pole and fuse into continuous zonulae adherentes in the posterior endoderm and the ectoderm. Hemiadherens junctions (HAJ) are junctions connecting muscles directly to epidermal cells and are characterized either by the presence of an intervening extracellular electron-dense material (connecting HAJ) or by the presence of an intervening tendon (tendon HAJ) (Tepass, 1994 and Prokop, 1998). Muscle attachments and neuromuscular junctions were examined ultrastructurally in single or double mutant Drosophila embryos lacking PS1 integrin (alphaPS1betaPS), PS2 integrin (alphaPS2betaPS), and/or their potential extracellular ligand Laminin A. At the muscle attachments PS integrins are essential for the adhesion of hemiadherens junctions to extracellular matrix, but not for their intracellular link to the cytoskeleton. www.sdbonline.org /fly/aignfam/junction.htm   (1159 words)

Effects of diminished expression of connexin43 on gap junction number and size in ventricular myocardium -- Saffitz et ... Because the minimum gap junction size was 5 contiguous pixels, the cluster of 3 pixels included in this image was not scored as a gap junction. Distribution of gap junction sizes is similar to the distribution of gap junction profile lengths reported in a previous quantitative ultrastructural study of canine left ventricular myocardium. the gap junctions and fascia adherens junctions of neonatal and ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/5/H1662   (6042 words)

The organization of adherens junctions and desmosomes at the cardiac intercalated disc is independent of gap junctions ... The organization of adherens junctions and desmosomes at the cardiac intercalated disc is independent of gap junctions -- Gutstein et al. in the absence of adherens junctions and desmosomes, underscoring Merged images are shown in C (control) and F (CKO) and demonstrate that adherens junction localization to the intercalated disc, indicated by cadherin staining, is unchanged in the absence of Cx43. jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/5/875   (4701 words)

VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction as a mechanical transducer in vascular endothelial cells -- Shay-Salit et al. ... VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction as a mechanical transducer in vascular endothelial cells -- Shay-Salit et al. VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction as a mechanical transducer in vascular endothelial cells of the VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction molecules, VE-cadherin www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/14/9462   (4335 words)

Protein kinases and adherens junction dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Protein kinases and adherens junction dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis "Protein kinases and adherens junction dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis," Journal of Cellular Physiology 202(2): 344–360. Earlier studies in multiple epithelia have shown that cell–cell actin-based adherens junction (AJ) dynamics are regulated, at least in part, by the interplay of kinases and phosphatases that determines the intracellular phosphoprotein content. www.popcouncil.org /projects/abstracts/JCPhys_202_2.html   (415 words)

Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, ... The immunofluorescence staining of the adherens junction marker, E-cadherin, revealed the disruption of the adherens junction in the cells transfected with the HPV 16 wild-type E6. The immunofluorescence staining of the adherens junction marker, E-cadherin, revealed the conserved regular structure of the adherens junction in the cells transfected with the E6 construct lacking the last three amino acids. Laprise, P., Viel, A. and Rivard, N. (2004) Human homolog of disc-large is required for adherens junction assembly and differentiation of human intestinal epithelial cells. www.genestocellsonline.org /cgi/content/full/11/4/453   (6221 words)

Rearrangement of adherens junctions by transforming growth factor-beta 1: role of contraction -- Hurst et al. 276 (4): ... Rearrangement of adherens junctions by transforming growth factor-beta 1: role of contraction -- Hurst et al. The adherens junction, which is composed of cadherins and catenins, is one type of cell junction that maintains endothelial Molecular linkage between cadherins and actin filaments in cell-cell adherens junctions. ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/4/L582   (6079 words)

Rho and Rho-Kinase (ROCK) Signaling in Adherens and Gap Junction Assembly in Corneal Epithelium -- Anderson et al. 43 ... In the absence of E-cadherin adherens junctions, Cx43 gap junctions that E-cadherin adherens junctions are not a prerequisite for E-cadherin assembly is not a prerequisite for the assembly of Cx43 gap junctions in corneal epithelial cells. www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/43/4/978   (5867 words)

Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-Germ Cell Interactions and Their Significance in Germ Cell Movement in the Seminiferous ... Tight junctions, basal ectoplasmic specializations, and tubulobulbar complexes that constitute the blood-testis barrier divide the seminiferous epithelium into a basal and adluminal compartment. junction are not synchronous events in vivo (213, 214, 215). TER, an increase in the influx of mannitol, and an increase edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/5/747   (9385 words)

Graduate Program in Life Sciences Regulation of endothelial cell-cell adherens junction integrity and paracellular pathway function. In a collaborative project with the laboratory of Dr. Alan S. Cross, we are engaged in studies of endogenous sialidases and the role of desialylation of surface structures on neutrophils and the endothelial barrier and how these events regulate neutrophil adherence to and migration across the endothelium. Thrombospondin-1 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins and regulates an endothelial paracellular pathway. lifesciences.umaryland.edu /faculty/default.asp?ID=186   (403 words)

Rab8B GTPase and Junction Dynamics in the Testis -- Lau and Mruk 144 (4): 1549 -- Endocrinology Assessing the assembly of Sertoli-germ cell adherens junctions in vitro by an adhesion assay. This requires that adherens junction proteins, such as cadherins, catenins, nectins, and afadins, be momentarily displaced or removed from the membrane without upsetting the delicate balance that is essential to Sertoli-germ cell communication. When the adherens junction needs to be disassembled, constituents of the adherens junction, such as E-cadherin, become internalized and confined to an endosome in the cytosol (upper panel) where they await relocalization back to the cell membrane once the junction requires reassembling (lower panel). endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/144/4/1549   (7954 words)

Neutrophil Diapedesis: Paracellular or Transcellular? -- Kvietys and Sandig 16 (1): 15 -- Physiology of adherens junction disruption in PMN transendothelial migration Disorganization of endothelial adherens junctions during PMN transendothelial migration: role of elastase (Abstract). Disorganization of endothelial adherens junctions during PMN transendothelial migration (Abstract). physiologyonline.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/16/1/15   (2541 words)

Cell junction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A cell junction is a structure within a tissue of a multicellular organism. Cell junctions are especially abundant in epithelial tissues. They consist of protein complexes and provide contact between neighbouring cells, between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or they built up the paracellular barrier of epithelia and control the paracellular transport. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cell_junction   (111 words)

Basal Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activity Modulates Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions -- Lu et al. 18 ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Because adherens junctions are calcium sensitive (47), we sought to test whether the maintenance of p42YF185 cell aggregates To demonstrate that the formation of adherens junctions and increased cadherin levels were not an artifact of transfection, PC12 cells may be able to regulate the levels of adherens junction proteins via stimulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/18/6/3257   (5347 words)

Regulation of Sertoli-Germ Cell Adherens Junction Dynamics in the Testis Via the Nitric Oxide Synthase ... Regulation of Sertoli-Germ Cell Adherens Junction Dynamics in the Testis Via the Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)/cGMP/Protein Kinase G (PRKG)/{beta}-Catenin (CATNB) Signaling Pathway: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study -- Lee et al. Regulation of Sertoli-Germ Cell Adherens Junction Dynamics in the Testis Via the Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)/cGMP/Protein Kinase G (PRKG)/ß-Catenin (CATNB) Signaling Pathway: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study Due to the proximity of TJ and adherens junctions (AJ) in the testis, in particular at www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/abstract/73/3/458   (514 words)

FSH regulates the formation of adherens junctions and ectoplasmic specialisations between rat Sertoli cells in vitro ... FSH regulates the formation of adherens junctions and ectoplasmic specialisations between rat Sertoli cells in vitro and in vivo -- Sluka et al. FSH regulates the formation of adherens junctions and ectoplasmic specialisations between rat Sertoli cells in vitro and in vivo did not affect adherens junctions or ES in vitro or in vivo. joe.endocrinology-journals.org /cgi/content/abstract/189/2/381   (286 words)

Diperoxovanadate alters endothelial cell focal contacts and barrier function: role of tyrosine phosphorylation -- ... Effect of DPV on phosphorylation of focal adhesion and adherens junction proteins. Activation of both MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase by Ras is required for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced adherens junction disassembly. Activated neutrophils induce hyperpermeability and phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins in coronary venular endothelial cells. jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/6/2333   (6578 words)

The Glomerular Slit Diaphragm Is a Modified Adherens Junction -- REISER et al. 11 (1): 1 -- Journal of the American ... The overlap results in a yellow staining at the adherens junction and in the nucleus in the merge. The relation of the slit diaphragm-associated antigen defined by monoclonal antibody 5-1-6 (21, 22) and nephrin (23, 24) to P-cadherin remains to be established. In contrast to classical adherens junctions (1), vinculin is not part of the junctional complex in podocytes as shown in the present study. jasn.asnjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/1/1   (4829 words)

The cell junction protein VAB-9 regulates adhesion and epidermal morphology in C. elegans - Nature Cell Biology Epithelial cell junctions are essential for cell polarity, adhesion and morphogenesis. In vab-9 mutants, morphological defects correlate with disorganization of F-actin at the adherens junction; however, localization of the cadherin−catenin complex and epithelial polarity is normal. Mutations in vab-9 enhance adhesion defects through functional loss of the cell junction genes apical junction molecule 1 (ajm-1) and discs large 1 (dlg-1), suggesting that VAB-9 is involved in cell adhesion. www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/ncb1002   (353 words)

Thrombospondin-1 Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Adherens Junction Proteins and Regulates an Endothelial ... Thrombospondin-1 Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Adherens Junction Proteins and Regulates an Endothelial Paracellular Pathway -- Goldblum et al. The state of tyrosine phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins is central to regulating cell-cell adhesion and endothelial of either adherens junction is influenced by the other is unclear. www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/10/5/1537   (6660 words)

Calcium Modulation of Adherens and Tight Junction Function: A Potential Mechanism for Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) in endothelial cell junctions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Calcium is critical for adherens junction function, but it appears Adherens junctions are calcium dependent; recent evidence suggests stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/33/6/1706   (517 words)

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