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Topic: Adiponitrile

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	Environmental Protection Agency
		Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to adiponitrile may include tightness of the chest and tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate).
		Adiponitrile may irritate or burn the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
		Acute exposure to adiponitrile may require decontamination and life support for the victims.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oswer/CeppoEHS.nsf/firstaid/111-69-3?OpenDocument (594 words)

	Removal of chloride impurities from an adiponitrile feed by distillation in the presence of a high boiling amine - ...
		The crude adiponitrile stream is mixed with the high boiling amines of the present invention and then subjected to distillation for purification.
		The adiponitrile to be purified containing the amine added enter the distillation column and after distillation the adiponitrile containing lower chloride impurities is recovered from the distillate.
		Crude adiponitrile prepared by the process of hydrocyanation of butadiene, was combined with a high boiling amine residue (diamine heels) for three runs and compared with a run without any amine.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3983011.html (2188 words)

	ADIPONITRILE (1,4-DICYANOBUTANE)
		Adiponitrile (also called 1,4-dicyanobutane) is a clear to yellow liquid, melting point at 1 - 3 C. It is slightly soluble in water but soluble in alcohol and chloroform.It is derived from 1,4-Dicyanobutylene, which is yielded by dichlorobutylene with sodium cyanide.
		The main identified use of adiponitrile is as an intermediate for the production of hexamethylenediamine, used for the manufacture of Polyamide 6-6.
		Adiponitrile is used as intermediate for the synthesis of adipoguanamine, corrosion inhibitors, and rubber accelerators.
	www.chemicalland21.com /specialtychem/perchem/ADIPONITRILE.htm (269 words)

	Semi-continuous electro-hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile with replating of cathode - Patent 4155818
		An improvement in the process of electrohydrodimerizing acrylonitrile to adiponitrile wherein the plated electrodes, which are employed in the process as a part of an electrolytic cell, are, without removal from the cell, cleaned and replated.
		The invention relates to the production of adiponitrile from acrylonitrile by electrochemical synthesis, and particularly to an improvement in such a process wherein the electrodes are cleaned and replated in the electrohydrodimerization cell.
		The reduction of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile by electrohydrodimerization is taught in British Pat.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4155818.html (2839 words)

	Dehydration of impure formic acid by extractive distillation - Patent 4735690
		Fifty grams of the formic acid-water azeotrope, 25 grams of sulfolane, 25 grams of adiponitrile and five grams of diisopropyl ether were charged to the vapor-liquid equilibrium still and refluxed for ten hours.
		Five grams of sulfolane, five grams of adiponitrile and five grams of diisopropyl ether were added and refluxing continued for another twelve hours.
		Fifty grams of the formic acid-water azeotrope, 17 grams of dimethylsulfone, 17 grams of adiponitrile, 17 grams of acetophenone and five grams of n-butyl acetate were charged to the vapor-liquid equilibrium still and refluxed for eleven hours.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4735690.html (2970 words)

	Adiponitrile purification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The principal use of adiponitrile is as an intermediate for the manufacture of hexamethylene diamine (1,6-diaminohexane) which is a co-monomer for the manufacture of Nylon 6,6.
		There are several different manufacturing processes for adiponitrile including direct addition of HCN to butadiene, electrodimerization of acrylonitrile, and amidation and dehydration of adipic acid.
		Impurities that are produced by these processes can be converted to cyanoketones or cyanoimines by contacting the adiponitrile product with a strong acid catalyst such as Amberlyst™ 15.
	www.rohmhaas.com /ionexchange/IP/adiponitrile.htm (196 words)

	ChemAlliance Case Study: Incineration of Spent Catalyst Solids and Adiponitrile Tars Eliminates Deep Well Injection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The two major non-aqueous wastes from the adiponitrile manufacturing process are a spent catalyst solids and adiponitrile tars from a wiped film evaporator.
		The solids were historically collected in a water slurry tank, transported via truck to a belt filter press, filtered, loaded into lever packs, and transported to a landfill or incinerated at another site.
		Cost saving to duPont are in the form of avoided costs of regulatory compliance and the cost of chemical fate and modeling studies which could easily run into millions of dollars.
	www.chemalliance.org /handbook/plant/case_study.asp?CSID=28 (322 words)

	ADIPONITRILE
		Upon poisoning by adiponitrile, specific first aid and treatment are essential.
		The flash point of adiponitrile, technical grade is 93°C (o.c.).
		NFPA Code: H4; F2; R1 --> Neither the CEC or the IPCS nor any person acting on behalf of the CEC or the IPCS is responsible for the use which might be made of this information.
	www.itcilo.it /actrav/actrav-english/telearn/osh/ic/111693.htm (292 words)

	Discovery and Development of a Commercial Synthesis of Azafenidin
		Discovery of a novel synthesis of the triazolinone ring system and a practical, environmentally benign process to 5-cyanovaleramide were critical breakthroughs in enabling azafenidin to be manufactured at an acceptable cost.
		This was converted via Hofmann rearrangement and Pinner-type cyclization to afford the key amidine carboxylate intermediate containing both carbon atoms of the triazolinone ring.
		The preservation of all six carbon atoms of adiponitrile set up a 2 + 3 cyclocondensation with arylhydrazines, which replaced a costly 4 + 1 cyclocondensation of an amidrazone with phosgene or a phosgene surrogate used in the original route.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/oprdfk/2001/5/i06/abs/op9901994.html (205 words)

	CHE 130 Problem Set, Week 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Adiponitrile has a molecular weight of 108 g/mol.
		Assuming the reaction goes to completion, how many grams of NH would be needed to react with 1460 g adipic acid?
		If the reaction has a yield of 90%, how many grams of adiponitrile will be formed from reaction of 1460 g adipic acid with sufficient NH student prepared aspirin (C
	www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Class/che131/che130/problem9.html (252 words)

	U.S. EPA IRIS Substance file - Adiponitrile; CASRN 111-69-3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		0515 Adiponitrile; CASRN 111-69-3 Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and Development.
		Background information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the Background Documents.
		Substance Name -- Adiponitrile CASRN -- 111-69-3 Last Revised -- 02/01/1991 Section II provides information on three aspects of the carcinogenic assessment for the substance in question; the weight-of-evidence judgment of the likelihood that the substance is a human carcinogen, and quantitative estimates of risk from oral exposure and from inhalation exposure.
	www.chem.uic.edu /web1/OCOL3/IRIS/SUBST/0515.HTM (624 words)

	Electrochemistry Encyclopedia --- Industrial organics
		The electrohydrodimerization of acrylonitrile (ACN) to adiponitrile is the largest scale commercial electroorganic process, with an estimated total production worldwide of about 340,000 metric ton/year.
		Baizer's key innovation was discovery that quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate greatly increased the yield and current efficiency of the conversion of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile (see chemical equation in the Appendix).
		The modern-day process uses cadmium cathodes and steel anodes in a bipolar cell containing no membranes, with a two phase recirculating aqueous emulsion of ACN, ADN, a bisquaternary salt (hexamethylene(bisethyltributyl)ammonium phosphate), phosphate buffer, and the anode anticorrosion additives, borax and EDTA.
	electrochem.cwru.edu /ed/encycl/art-o01-org-ind.htm (2862 words)

	Adiponitrile (CASRN 111-69-3), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Adiponitrile was negative for mutagenicity in Salmonella with and without activation.
		NIOSH (1978) reported that adiponitrile was negative for mutations in several strains of Salmonella at concentrations up to 10,000 ug/plate in the presence and absence of hepatic homogenates.
		IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0515.htm (604 words)

	[No title]
		(6 pts) Adiponitrile, a key intermediate in the manufacture of nylon, is made industrially by an electrolytic process involving reduction of acrylonitrile:
		O + 4 CH (b) How many kilograms of adiponitrile are produced in 10.0 h in a cell that has a constant current of 3.00 x 10
		produced (from the balanced equation, you know that the ratio of moles of adiponitrile to moles of oxygen is 2 to 1)
	www.chem.arizona.edu /courseweb/981/CHEM103b5/ps4key.html (424 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 107131
		ADIPONITRILE, 13%; CHEM INT FOR ACRYLAMIDE, 6%; COMONOMER FOR
		In 1976, 282 million kg were used to make acrylic and modacrylic fibers.
		acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and styrene-acrylonitrile resins, 15%; adiponitrile, 7%; acrylamide,
	www.speclab.com /compound/c107131.htm (802 words)

	Chemical Week: DuPont proposes a $100-million adiponitrile plant in China.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		DuPont proposes a $100-million adiponitrile plant in China.
		Continuing a drive to expand its nylon operations in the Asia/Pacific region, DuPont will build a plant in China by the end of the decade for the intermediate adiponitrile (ADN), using...
		This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:13266139 (170 words)

	University of Rochester Chemistry Department William D. Jones
		New studies with hemi-labile P-N ligands have indicated that this approach leads to compounds with enhanced reactivities towards bond cleavage reactions.
		We are studying the mechanism of nickel-based allylic C-CN cleavage as it applies to the production of adiponitrile in Dupont's nylon synthesis.
		We have published over 50 papers on these topics in the last 5 years (see group website).
	www.chem.rochester.edu /Faculty/Jones.html (421 words)

	Japanese Patent 3708549 B2 - caprolactam and the same time production method of hexamethylene diamine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		At caprolactam which it departs from adiponitrile, and the same time production method of hexamethylene diamine
		It does adiponitrile partial hydrogenation, and makes a profit of blend which is made up of 6-mainly amino capronitrile, hexamethylene diamine, ammonia, adiponitrile and hexamethylene imine,
		C or below as it adds to second distillation at the condition under which exceeds 20 deg.
	cxp.paterra.com /jppatent3708549.html (198 words)

	Hexamethlenediamine and Caprolactam from Adiponitrile by...Aminocapronitrile
		Hexamethylenediamine And Caprolactam From Adiponitrile by Partial Hydrogenation and Cyclization of Aminocapronitrile
		A 660 million lb/yr (300,000 t/yr) plant to produce hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and caprolactam (CAPM) at 330 million lb/yr (150,000 t/yr) each is to be built, possibly in Hainan Province of China, by a Du Pont/BASF joint venture.
		The plant will use a new technology developed by BASF, which produces HMDA and 6-aminocapronitrile (ACPN) by partial hydrogenation of adiponitrile (ADN).
	www.sriconsulting.com /PEP/Reports/Phase_96/RW96-04/RW96-04.html (320 words)

	Bibliography of CEH report Hexamethylenediamine/Adiponitrile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		"Adiponitrile Weakens," Chemical Week, November 21, 2001, p.
		Alperowicz, Natasha, "DuPont Ready to Commercialize Improved Adiponitrile Catalyst," Chemical Week, October 31, 2001, p.
		Noor-Drugan, Natalie, "Butachimie Starts Up Adiponitrile," Chemical Week, May 23, 2001, p.
	www.sriconsulting.com /CEH/Public/Reports/664.1000/Bibliography.html (311 words)

	Chemical Sampling Information: Adiponitrile
		NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Adiponitrile: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
		Ramaiah, S.K. and Mehendale, H.M.: Adiponitrile, in Enclyclopedia of Toxicology, Vol.
		Smith, L.W. and Kennedy, G.L., Jr.: Inhalation toxicity of adiponitrile in rats.
	www.osha.gov /dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_217350.html (186 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The largest users of acrylonitrile are companies that make acrylic and modacrylic fibers.
		Companies also use AN to make: high impact acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastics used in business machines, luggage, and construction material; styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) plastics used in automotive and household goods and in packaging material; adiponitrile, a chemical used to make nylon; and dyes, drugs, and pesticides.
		Exposure to acrylonitrile can occur in the workplace or in the environment following releases to air, water, land, or groundwater.
	www.emla.hu /korkep/chems/acry-fs.txt (675 words)

	ChemCases: NutraSweet - 4. Chemical Commerce
		As an illustration of all of these points, consider the work of Dr.
		Drinkard invented a direct process for the production of adiponitrile, an intermediate necessary for the production of nylon.
		Requires sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and a process vessel to convert HCN to NaCN and produces waste water.
	www.chemcases.com /nutra/nutra4.htm (2048 words)

	Tip of Month 2004 September
		To initiate project or obtain attractive pricing for 2005 budget planning, contact Marc Halpern at tel +1 856-222-1146, fax: +1 856-222-1124 or E-mail.
		This patent describes a preferable 2-step addition reaction between adiponitrile and acrylonitrile using PTC/NaOH.
		A one-step process also compared using potassium t-butylate and Bu /NaOH (results of the one-step process were not impressive).
	www.phasetransfer.com /04tipSep.htm (717 words)

	Acrylonitrile
		The specific end-use segments discussed are Acrylic fibers, ABS and AS resins, Adiponitrile, and Miscellaneous.
		Table 22: Canadian Historic Review for Acrylonitrile by End-Use Segment-Acrylic Fibers, ABS and AS Resins, Adiponitrile and Miscellaneous Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales (*) Figures in Thousand Tons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart)
		Table 25: Japanese Historic Review for Acrylonitrile by End-Use Segment-Acrylic Fibers, ABS and AS Resins, Adiponitrile and Miscellaneous Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales (*) Figures in Thousand Tons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart)
	www.mindbranch.com /catalog/print_product_page.jsp?code=R263-2015 (3290 words)

	U.S. Pregrant 20050059822 - Process for producing hexamethylenediamine and aminocapronitrile from adiponitrile, wherein ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		U.S. Pregrant 20050059822 - Process for producing hexamethylenediamine and aminocapronitrile from adiponitrile, wherein the hexamethylenediamine contains less than 100 ppm tetrahydroazepine
		Process for producing hexamethylenediamine and aminocapronitrile from adiponitrile, wherein the hexamethylenediamine contains less than 100 ppm tetrahydroazepine
		Process for making both ACN and HMD from partial hydrogenation of ADN by using a combination of distillations resulting in the formation of a mixture of HMD and THA that can be hydrogenated to produce a mixture of HMD and HMI that can be separated easily by simple distillation.
	cxp.paterra.com /uspregrant20050059822.html (234 words)

	Definition of adiponitrile - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Click here to search for another word in the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
		Visit Britannica.com for more information on "adiponitrile "
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "adiponitrile "
	www.bonus.com /contour/merriam_webster/http@@/www.m-w.com/dictionary/adiponitrile (55 words)

	[Report] ACRYLONITRILE AND DERIVATIVES
		Table 13: World 20-Year Perspective for Acrylonitrile in Adiponitrile by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales (*) for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Middle East Markets for Years 1991, 1995, 2005 and 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-26
		Table 21: Canadian Current and Future Analysis for Acrylonitrile by End-Use Segment - Acrylic Fibers, ABS and AS Resins, Adiponitrile and Miscellaneous Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales (*) Figures in Thousand Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-7
		Table 36: German Current and Future Analysis for Acrylonitrile by End-Use Segment - Acrylic Fibers, ABS and AS Resins, Adiponitrile and Miscellaneous Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales (*) Figures in Thousand Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-21
	www.the-infoshop.com /study/go9397_acrylonitrile_toc.html (3423 words)

	NTP: Testing Status: ADIPONITRILE 11489-P (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Home >> Testing Information >> Testing Status of Agents at NTP >> Testing Status: ADIPONITRILE 11489-P
		Link to Data Search (Data are not available for all studies.)
		The National Toxicology Program is headquartered on the NIEHS campus in Research Triangle Park, NC.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=6DDF6A95-F1F6-975E-7A3E6A33FAC599EA (66 words)

	Ancimidol - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		Detailed Toxicity Summary for Adiponitrile from U.S. EPA IRIS Database
		Quickview Toxicity Summary for Adiponitrile from U.S. EPA IRIS Database
		Health and other hazards, protective equipment, and handling of Adiponitrile (English), NJ RTK Factsheets
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC40137 (9873 words)

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