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	History Chola Empire - History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		Cholas and Chalukyas, the other major power of that time were continuously in conflict over the control of the Vengi kingdom and this conflict eventually exhausted both the empires and brought down their decline.
		The Chola prince Rajaditya was killed in one of the bloodiest battles in Thakkolam (949 C.E.) and the growth of the Cholas was halted for a few years.
		The Chola throne went to Gandaraditya’s younger brother Arinjaya briefly before Arinjaya’s son Sundara Chola took the reigns of the kingdom overlooking the claims of the still minor Uttama Chola, Gandaraditya’s son.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/chola_empire.php (0 words)

	Chola dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chola territories stretched from the islands of the Maldives in the South to as far North as the banks of the river Godavari in Andhra Pradesh.
		At its peak, the Chola Empire stretched from the island of Sri Lanka in the south to the Godavari basin in the north.
		Chola navies invaded and conquered Srivijaya in the Malayan archipelago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cholas (5765 words)

	Aditya I at AllExperts
		During the invasion of the Chola country, the Pandya king Varagunavarman II became an ally of Nripatunga, the eldest son of the Pallava king Nandivarman III.
		Friendly relations appear to have existed between the Cheras and the Cholas in the reign of Aditya I. The Chera contemporary Sthanu Ravi is stated in inscriptions to have received royal honours from Aditya.
		Aditya is claimed to have built a number of temples for Siva along the banks of the Kaveri.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/ad/aditya_i.htm (635 words)

	Indian History - The Cholas
		The territory south, of rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra extending upto Cape Comorin is known as South India or Carnatic region.
		In the ninth century Aditya Chola and Parantaka I were the successors of Vijayalaya.
		The most important ruler of Chola was Rajaraja I. He was one of the greatest kings of the South India and was known as "Rajaraja the Great".
	www.indhistory.com /cholas.html (311 words)

	c. 870-88. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Pallava Aparajitavarman, with Ganga Prithivipati, crushed Varaguna II but was himself defeated and killed by the Chola Aditya I. Numerous Pallava chiefs continued to rule locally.
		The Chola territory extended along the east coast from Telugu to the Pandya lands.
		The conquest of Vengi drove a usurper from the East Chalukyan throne and was extended (1000) to Kalinga.
	www.bartleby.com /67/328 (223 words)

	Tanjore - History of Chola Kings
		His son and successor Aditya I conquered the pallavas and the Kongu country; and his son Parantakan I (AD 907-953), under his leadership, the cholas acquired a dominion which foreshadowed the greater empire Rajarajan and Kulotungan.
		Aditya Karikala II appears to have re-conquered Tondainadu a few years later.On Aditya's death, or on the death of Parantakan II, whichever was the later, the succession was probably disputed.
		Rajarajan inherited Chola and Kongu kingdoms and the Kanchi region, when he came to throne; the first comprising Thanjavur and Trichy regions, the second the Coimbatore region, the third country comprising of South and North Arcots and Chengalput regions.
	www.tanjore.net /cholaking.htm (0 words)

	Chola Bronzes,Sculpture of India
		The Pallava and Chola dynasties witnessed the flowering of the bronze casting technique that was extant from the Indus Valley period in India.
		The Chola bronzes (850-1275 AD) are unparalleled in their depiction of facile expression, the suppleness of the human form and its flowing movements.
		Besides being votive images, aesthetically, the Chola bronzes mark a phase in the development of Indian sculpture that is simply magnificent in form and style.
	www.culturopedia.com /Architecture/cholabronzes.html (0 words)

	Inscriptions of India, South-Indian Inscriptions @ whatisindia.com
		About 50 of them belong to Aditya Chola I. While it is difficult to differentiate inscriptions between Gandaraditya Chola and Sundara Chola, astronomical references in some inscriptions have enabled the identification of some of them to Gandaraditya Chola who seemed to have been assisted in Administration by his brother Arikulakesari also known as Arinjiya Chola.
		It carries inscriptions of Parthivendravarman, Parakesarivarman, Parakesarivarman Uttama Chola, Parantaka II, Rajakesarivarman, Madiraikonda Rajakesarivarman, Parakesarivarman Parantaka I, Rajakesarivarman Aditya I, Virarajendra I, Kulottunga Chola I, Vikrama Chola and Kulottunga Chola III.
		Volume 2 presents an introduction to Epigraphy, brief history of Rajaraja Chola I. It carries inscriptions of Rajaraja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Konnerinmaikondan, Thirumalaideva, and Mallapa Nayaka found in the Thanjavur Brihadeshwara Temple.
	www.whatisindia.com /inscriptions (0 words)

	The Cholas
		The Cholas initially occupied present Tanjore and Trincnopoly districts with of South India and, up to the eight century A.D. the Chola kingdom was very small.However, the Cholas rose to prominence when in 850 their ruler Vijayalaya defeated the Pallavas and snatched Tanjore from them, making it the capital of the Chola kingdom.
		Aditya Chola dynasty defeated the last Pallava ruler in 987 A.D.and the Cholas later captured Madurai from the Pandyas who had controlled the lower tip of the peninsula from early times.
		At the dawn of the eleventh century, inscriptions indicate that ties of friendship still existed between the two empires, but it was only to be expected that the Chola kings should resent, and eventually seek to break, the commercial monopoly claimed by the Maharajas of the Straits.
	www.sabrizain.demon.co.uk /malaya/hindu1.htm (498 words)

	Chola bronzes
		Chola Bronzes from South India is an exhibition organized by the American Federation of Arts and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution (Dallas Museum of Art April 4 - June 15, 2003; The Cleveland Museum of Art, July 6 - September 14, 2003).
		During the reign of the Chola kings between the 9th and the 13th centuries of the common era, the Tamil-speaking region of south India experienced a period of rich artistic creativity with bronzes as its most famous mode of expression.
		Chola-nadu is the Chola heartland, with its capital at Tanjavur and later at Gangaikondacholapuram.
	www.cosmopolis.ch /english/cosmo40/chola_bronzes.htm (743 words)

	Tamil Nation - Dravidian Temple Architecture
		the Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas and the Vijayanagara rulers.
		The Cholas had built several hundreds of temples, the earlier examples of which were modest in size while the later ones were huge and large with the Vimanas or gopuras dominating the landscape.
		Chola power was based upon military might, which, in turn, rested upon the economic surplus derived largely from the vast irrigated rice lands of Cholamanadalam, the Chola lands based around the Kaveri River and its delta.
	www.tamilnation.org /culture/architecture/temple.htm (5129 words)

	Devar Online - all Information about Thiruvarur
		The vibrant tradition of worship that was present at this shrine during the period of the Nayanmars, is evident from the wealth of the Tevaram hymns that are dedicated to Vanmikanathar (Purtidamkondaar) and Tyagaraja (Veedhi Vitankar).
		There are inscriptions testifying to his son Rajendra Chola's visit to the Tiruvarur temple, and his donation of a lamp in commemoration of the visit, soon after the conversion of the brick built shrine into a stone structure.
		Inscriptions from the period of the Chola rulers that succeeded Rajendra Chola are seen in the temple complex.
	www.devaronline.com /temple/temple_details.php?id=1 (607 words)

	Vrishavahana Shiva and Parvati
		As regards the art of bronze casting, the era of Chola rulers is considered as the golden period of the art of metal cast in India.
		Initially, Cholas ruled in South from the 2nd to the 3rd century A.D. But, in the beginning of the 4th century, that is around 300 A.D. itself, they were overthrown by Pallavas.
		After some forty years, in 890, his descendant Aditya Chola killed the last Pallava ruler and occupied the entire territory, which was under Pallava rule.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /product/ZW86 (0 words)

	Inscriptions of India, South-Indian Inscriptions @ whatisindia.com
		About 50 of them belong to Aditya Chola I. While it is difficult to differentiate inscriptions between Gandaraditya Chola and Sundara Chola, astronomical references in some inscriptions have enabled the identification of some of them to Gandaraditya Chola who seemed to have been assisted in Administration by his brother Arikulakesari also known as Arinjiya Chola.
		It carries inscriptions of Parthivendravarman, Parakesarivarman, Parakesarivarman Uttama Chola, Parantaka II, Rajakesarivarman, Madiraikonda Rajakesarivarman, Parakesarivarman Parantaka I, Rajakesarivarman Aditya I, Virarajendra I, Kulottunga Chola I, Vikrama Chola and Kulottunga Chola III.
		Volume 2 presents an introduction to Epigraphy, brief history of Rajaraja Chola I. It carries inscriptions of Rajaraja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Konnerinmaikondan, Thirumalaideva, and Mallapa Nayaka found in the Thanjavur Brihadeshwara Temple.
	inscriptions.whatisindia.com (995 words)

	Biography of Rajaraja Chozhan - Hari's Carnatic
		On Aditya's death, or on the death of Parantakan II, whichever was the later, the succession was probably disputed.
		Rajarajan inherited Chola and Kongu kingdoms and the Kanchi region, when he came to throne; the first comprising Thanjavur and Trichy regions, the second the Coimbatore region, the third country comprising of South and North Arcots and Chengalput regions.
		His son and grandson also married daughters of Chola kings, and it was the second of these rulers, the great Kulotunga I, who in later years, claimed the Chola Kingdom as his mother heritage and established a new dynasty at Thanjavur.
	www.angelfire.com /musicals/kallidaihari/rajaraj.htm (860 words)

	Latest News and Tamil Movie Reviews in Tamil Koodal.com : Total Tamil Kalatta
		In her country, the land of the Cholas, she exclaimed, the kings were of different stuff: One had saved a dove’s life by offering his own flesh to an eagle which pursued the bird, and another and executed his own son for driving his chariot over a calf.
		He was then confronted by a confederacy of the cholas, the cheras and five minor cheiftains, but defeated them in a great battle which raged all day and in which the flower of all the troops of the Tamil country were engaged.
		The Chola king then assisted him with a large army, but he was yet again vanquished, and the Ceylon troops advanced northwards and even burnt some villages in the Tanjore country.
	www.koodal.com /districts/mdu_history_eng1.asp (2344 words)

	Rajaraja Cholan, The Great Chola King
		His son and successor Aditya I conquered the pallavas and the Kongu country; and his son Parantakan I (AD 907-953), under his leadership, the cholas acquired a dominion which foreshadowed the greater empire Rajarajan and Kulotungan.
		Aditya Karikala II appears to have re-conquered Tondainadu a few years later.On Aditya's death, or on the death of Parantakan II, whichever was the later, the succession was probably disputed.
		Rajarajan inherited Chola and Kongu kingdoms and the Kanchi region, when he came to throne; the first comprising Thanjavur and Trichy regions, the second the Coimbatore region, the third country comprising of South & North Arcots and Chengalput regions.
	www.thanjavur.com /rajarajan.htm (887 words)

	Art Education - Art of Cholas
		The last Pallava ruler surrendered to the Chola king Aditya in 897 AD after he was attacked by the Pandyas and Cholas together.
		The Cholas were great warriors with an expansive nature and by the 10th century AD, they not only took the holy city of Madurai from Pandyas, but also moved fuirther down south to invade Sri Lanka.
		But the Chola sculptural medium par-excellence was bronze which was a continuation of the style and technique of the Andhras.
	www.indianartcircle.com /arteducation/page_14_artofCholas.shtml (390 words)

	Tamil Nadu - ExampleProblems.com
		The Cholas occupied the present Thanjavur and Tiruchirapalli districts and excelled in military exploits.
		The last independent Pallava king Aparajitha was defeated by Aditya Chola towards the end of the 9th century.
		The invasion weakened both the Cholas and Pandyas and led to the establishment of Bahmani Kingdom in the northern Deccan.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php/Tamil_Nadu (4362 words)

	History of Tamil Nadu,Ancient History of Tamil Nadu,Ancient Tamil Nadu
		The Cholas ruled the present Thanjavur and Tiruchirapalli districts and were excellent in military expertise.
		He was defeated by Aditya Chola towards the end of the 9th century.
		The invasion destroyed the Chola and Pandya dynasties and led to the establishment of Bahmani Kingdom in the northern Deccan.
	www.indiasite.com /tamilnadu/history.html (1083 words)

	A glimpse into the past of of Kallidaikurichi - Hari's Carnatic
		The Thamiraparani - Ghadananadi river areas were colonized during the Chola conquest of Pandya country in the 10th century A.D. The colonists from the Chola country came along with the Viceroy, Sundara Chola Pandya in A.D. and formed new townships and cultivated the newly converted forest lands.
		On a study of the inscriptions at the Vedanarayana temple at Mannarkoil village, it is established that the temple was built during the time of this Viceroy.
		Kothai Aditya Varma came to the throne of Venad in 1469 and ruled till 1484 A.D. He is also known as Chempaka Aditya Varma.
	www.angelfire.com /musicals/kallidaihari/glimpse_into_ka.htm (3816 words)

	Ceylon Tamils
		One of the first Cholas of the early period to be documented is known in India as Manu Needi Chola.
		Muchukunda Chola is reputed to have established seven temples in the vicinity of Tiruvarur, each with shrines dedicated to the god Thiagarajah (Somaskanda).
		Kochenkam Chola is reputed to have built the Jambukeswara temple during the sangam period, but this temple has undergone substantial growth in construction over the last two millennia, and no reliable record exists of its specific date of founding.
	www.ceylontamils.com /history/history2.php (1114 words)

	Tamil Nadu
		Under Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra Chola, the Cholas rose as a supreme power in South India.
		Rajaraja Chola conquered the eastern Chalukya kingdom, defeated the Cheras, annexed parts of Ceylon by defeating the Pandyas.
		The Muslim invasion weakened both the Cholas and Pandyas and led to the establishment of Bahmani Kingdom.
	www.gloriousindia.com /places/states/tamil_nadu.html (0 words)

	Introduction about Brhadisvara Temple - Archaeological Survey of India
		The Cholas also find mention in the rock edicts of Emperor Asoka of the third century B.C. Karikala, the famous early Chola emperor is famous for having united the entire kingdoms of the south and is also credited to have constructed a stone dam across the River Cauvery.
		The Cholas again surface as the feudatories of the Pallavas during the 8th — 9th century A.D. It was in ca.
		Arulmolivarman, the brother of Aditya Chola, refused to ascend the throne as his uncle Uttama Chola, the son of Gandaraditya was grown up.
	asi.nic.in /asi_monu_whs_cholabt_intro.asp (751 words)

	Parantaka I information - Search.com
		He continued the expansion of the Chola dominions begun by his father Aditya Chola.
		The best part of his reign was marked by increasing success and prosperity, although it ended in disaster and gloom brought about by his hostility of the Rashtrakutas which began to pursue his right from the beginning.
		Parantaka I bore numerous epithets: Viranarayana, Virakirti, Vira-Chola, Vikrama-Chola, Irumadi-Sola (Chola with two crowns alluding to the Chola and the Pandya kingdoms), Devendran (lord of the gods), Chakravartin (the emperor), Panditavatsalan (fond of learned men), Kunjaramallan (the wrestler with elephants) and Surachulamani (the crest jewel of the heroes).
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Parantaka_I (999 words)

	Parantaka I Information
		He continued the expansion of the Chola dominions begun by his father Aditya Chola.
		The best part of his reign was marked by increasing success and prosperity, although it ended in disaster and gloom brought about by his hostility of the Rashtrakutas which began to pursue his right from the beginning.
		As the result of this victory Krishna III conquered Tondaimandalam from the Cholas and made them once more retreat to their ancestral grounds near the Kaveri.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Parantaka_I (975 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Chola period began in 897 A.D. with the Chola raja Aditya's attack on the current ruling dynasty, the Pallavas of southern India.
		After this military success, the Cholas usurped the holy city of Madurai early in the 10th century, and then moved southward to invade Sri Lanka.
		Chola military victories ultimately extended northward to the banks of the Ganges River.
	www.chrysler.org /wom/wom0701.asp (1002 words)

	Hindu Religion- Holy Destinations in India
		Thanjavur rose to glory during the later Chola reign between the 10th and the 14th Centuries and became a centre of learning and culture.
		Vijayalaya Chola was the founder of the later Chola dynasty.
		His son and successor Aditya I conquered the pallavas and the Kongu country; and his son Parantakan I (AD 907-953), under his leadership, the cholas acquired a dominion, which foreshadowed the greater empire Rajarajan, and Kulotungan.
	onlinedarshan.com /destinations/Thanjavur.htm (850 words)

	[No title]
		Under Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra 0 Chola, the Cholas rose 6 as a supreme power 8 in South India.
		Rajaraja 3 Chola conquered the eastern 7 Chalukya kingdom, defeated 3 the Cheras, annexed parts 7 of Ceylon by 3 defeating the Pandyas.
		With the decline of the 1 Cholas, the Pandyas rose 1 to prominence once 8 again in the early 5 14th century.
	www.centiel.com /tamil_nadu_.htm (1757 words)

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