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	XX. PEARL HARBOR—ESTIMATES OF THE SITUATION
		Admiral Pye thought that the feeling in Honolulu was influenced by the attitude of the Department in the preceding months in taking forces from the Pacific and indicating that they considered the German situation more serious than the Japanese situation.
		Admiral Pye said that he thought that the general impression then had been that the Japanese naval air pilots were fairly good but that they did not think that these pilots were as good as they appeared to be immediately after Pearl Harbor.
		Admiral Brown's Task Force had assigned to it the task of developing the technique and examining the materials for amphibious warfare and during the six months preceding the attack, his energies and the energies of his staff were devoted to that subject.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/pha/narrative/20.html (7267 words)

	Admiral Fletcher, 3
		Pye, having already lost his battleships, was mainly concerned with conserving the carriers to turn over to Nimitz.
		Fletcher was the admiral at sea that had to execute this policy and to make the decisions to interpret this policy on the spot.
		Pye had been told by Washington that Wake was secondary to the defense of Hawaii.
	www.ww2pacific.com /fletcher3.html (2180 words)

	US People--Pye, William S.
		Pye was on duty with the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations during 1919-21, and was Executive Officer of the battleship
		Captain Pye was Commanding Officer of the battleship Nevada in 1932-33.
		Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 and the subsequent relief of Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, Vice Admiral Pye was Acting Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet from 17 December until the last day of 1941.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/pers-us/uspers-p/ws-pye.htm (998 words)

	wip_beachprize_powell_aug05.htm
		Admiral Holloway made sure no one would misunderstand his meaning, clearly stating, “[s]uperimposing any group above another, or introducing blocs of special categories in the Line, is not envisioned.”[38] In fact, when Holloway finally got around to mentioning his plans for graduate education, it was not for its own merits.
		The Admiral was extremely interested in education at all levels, and even appeared before Congress to discuss the state of elementary and secondary schools.
		Admiral Rickover said himself: “technology deals with things; education deals with human beings.”[90] He added that, “in the past, general or “liberal” education was a prerogative of “gentlemen,” who presumably did not need to earn a living and so did not need to engage in “professional” studies.
	www.ijnhonline.org /volume4_number2_aug05/wip_beachprize_powell_aug05.htm (8899 words)

	II. ASSUMPTION OF COMMAND BY ADMIRAL KIMMEL—HIS REORGANIZATION OF THE PACIFIC FLEET AND HIS STAFF
		Admiral Herbert F. Leary during 1941 was in command of Cruisers, Battle Force, and under the command of Admiral Pye.
		Admiral Smith, on December 7, 1941, was Chief of Staff of the Pacific Fleet which position he assumed on February 1, 1941 Previously, he served a year and a half as Captain of one of Admiral Kimmel's cruisers while Admiral Kimmel was Commander Cruisers Pacific Fleet.
		Admiral Smith said that he felt that entirely too much of his time was taken up with administrative matters; when the Commander‑in‑Chief and Staff moved ashore, Admiral Smith found it difficult to keep a day‑by‑day routine going; possibly he was to blame himself for this situation, but he attempted to reduce the paper work.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/pha/narrative/02.html (2183 words)

	Battlefield 1942 Gazette
		Admiral Inouye, commanding the Imperial Japanese Fourth Fleet, was charged by current war plans with capture of Wake, but, more important, that of Guam, Makin and Tarawa.
		Eager to evacuate or reinforce the island, Admiral Pye, acting commander of the Pacific fleet, nevertheless decided that the risk was too great.
		Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, the Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet, was now convinced that Wake, by contrast with other central Pacific objectives, constituted a major stumbling block.
	ffaclan.free.fr /bf/ewake.shtml (3237 words)

	[No title]
		Admiral Griffin, accordingly, headed for Kavieng and, on the morning of 20 March 1944, approached the harbor.
		Admiral Oldendorf, injured and hospitalized sh ortly after reaching Ulithi, was replaced by Rear Admiral Morton Deyo, who broke his flag in Tennessee on 15 March On the 21st, Task Force 54, the gunfire force, was underway for the Ryukyus.
		Vice Admiral Oldendorf was subsequently placed in command of naval forces in the Ryukyus, and Tennessee flew his flag as she covered minesweeping operations in the East China Sea and patrolled the waters off Shanghai for Japanese shipping as escort carriers sent strikes against the China coast.
	www.hazegray.org /danfs/battlesh/bb43.htm (14427 words)

	Gwynneth Bowen - Worcester's, Oxford's and The Admiral's
		The main point in favour of Chambers' theory is that the first period of activity of the Admiral's men was from 1585 to 1589.
		It is true that they obtained a passport from him, but this was probably given rather in his capacity as warden of the seas than in that of their lord.
		Admirall," against a certain Dr. Martin, "who seeketh by indirecte meanes to make frustrate a lease of a certain tenement and a garden demised by one John Roise to the suppliant's father and Mother and himselfe…" [G. Warner, p.
	www.sourcetext.com /sourcebook/library/bowen/26worcester.htm (2943 words)

	Nadir of the Navy: Operations to Relief Wake Island, December 1941
		Admiral Kimmel was determined not to let Wake fall to the Japanese, but signs certainly were not in favor of such a goal.
		The admiral's only hope lay in his carrier forces, but these were thinly spread and of doubtful value even though only so because they were untried.
		Not much after her departure, Admiral Kimmel received expected news: he was relieved of command of the Pacific Fleet, effective immediately, with command passing on Vice-Admiral William S. Pye and then, on January 1st, on Admiral Chester William Nimitz.
	www.microworks.net /pacific/battles/relief_of_wake.htm (1573 words)

	USS Tennessee (BB-43) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, her role in the war was not to be in the line of battle for which she had trained for two decades.
		On 31 May, Admiral Pye sent two of his battleships to search for a Japanese carrier erroneously reported approaching the California coast.
		Reports of the Battle of Midway came in, and Pye sortied from San Francisco on 6 June with the rest of his battleships and destroyers and the escort carrier Long Island (AVG-1).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/USS_Tennessee_(BB-43) (2285 words)

	Chapter VIII: The Hawaiian Defenses After Pearl Harbor
		By the time of Admiral Pye's testimony the Navy knew that President Roosevelt was determined to push limited offensive operations against Japan, and such operations could only be pushed from Hawaii.
		Admiral Kimmel's replacement was to be Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, but for the two weeks before he took over on 31 December unity of command was exercised by the acting fleet commander, Admiral Pye.
		General Emmons and Admiral Pye got together immediately, and five days after his arrival the general could report to General Marshall: "Unity of command here is essential, is working well, and will so continue.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/wwii/Guard-US/ch8.htm (8168 words)

	[No title]
		Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel was relieved of his command of the US Pacific Fleet as part of a shake-up of officers in the wake of the Pearl Harbor disaster.
		Admiral Kimmel had enjoyed a successful military career, beginning in 1915 as an aide to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
		The presentation was made by Vice Admiral GL Garnett, Vice Chief of the Defense Staff at the Rideau Club in Ottawa on Thursday, 17th December 1998.
	www.seawaves.com /newsletters/TDIH/december/17Dec.txt (909 words)

	CDE's History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Admiral Luce organized the War College as "a place of original research on all questions relating to war and the statesmanship connected with war, or the prevention of war."
		Under the direction of the President of the War College, Rear Admiral Austin M. Knight, the Correspondence Courses Department was organized by Lieutenant William S. Pye, USN, who later became a Vice Admiral and President of the College during World War II.
		At Admiral Turner's direction, and with initial financial support from the Naval War College Foundation, the Center instituted "off-campus" seminars in Washington, D.C., in 1974, with 30 students enrolled.
	cce.nwc.navy.mil /history.htm (980 words)

	A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (All Hands Have Behaved Splendidly) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		On 20 December, Rear Admiral Abe received a report (based upon the radio messages the PBY sent as it approached Wake) that planes from Patrol Squadron 23 had advanced to Wake from Midway the previous day.
		Pye deemed it essential "to insure [the] defense of the [Hawaiian] islands." With the Army's Hawaiian defense in shambles, and the battleship strength significantly reduced by the Japanese attack on 7 December, he believed that the Pacific Fleet's three carriers constituted the best protection for Oahu.
		After he considered the evidence of increased Japanese air activity in the Marshalls, with one, or perhaps two, carrier groups in that vicinity, as well as "evidence of extensive offshore lookout and patrol," he decided that a surprise raid on Jaluit could not be conducted successfully.
	www.nps.gov /wapa/indepth/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003119-00/sec4.htm (2458 words)

	Marshall Islands Raid: 1 February 1942
		On 30 December 1941, Admiral Ernest J. King was appointed Commander In Chief, US Fleet; Admiral Chester Nimitz became Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, the next day.
		Pye suggested, and Nimitz concurred, that a second carrier cover the Marine's arrival in Samoa.
		Halsey immediately approved of Pye's plan, and was first astounded and then outraged by the opposition against it.
	www.cv6.org /1942/marshalls/default.htm (2102 words)

	A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Still No Help) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher, the commander of Task Force 14 is the subject of much historical "Monday morning quarterbacking." All these commentators have the benefit of something neither Pye, the overall commander, nor Fletcher, on the scene, had—hindsight.
		Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, the Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet, responded by assigning a force under the command of Rear Admiral Hiroaki Abe, Commander, 8th Cruiser Division, consisting of carriers Hiryu and Soryu and escorting ships, to reinforce Inoue.
		In the meantime, Vice Admiral Pye had passed on to Brown information pointing toward Japan's establishment of an air base in the Gilberts and the existence of a submarine force at Jaluit.
	www.nps.gov /wapa/indepth/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003119-00/sec3.htm (3438 words)

	U.S. Navy Battleships - USS Tennessee (BB 44)
		During the 13th, Vice Admiral Willis A. Lee's Task Group 58.7, seven new fast battleships of the North Carolina, South Dakota, and Iowa classes, temporarily detached from Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher's Task Force 58, hurled a furious bombardment at Saipan.
		However, during the afternoon of the 15th and the early hours of the 16th, Admiral Spruance was advised that Japanese warships were at sea, off the Philippines, heading for the Marianas.
		A smaller force, commanded by Admiral Nishimura, turned to the south of Palawan and crossed the Sulu Sea to pass between Mindanno and Leyte.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/ships/battleships/tennessee/bb43-tenn.html (14218 words)

	Wake Island: Dec. 7-23, 1941
		On December 17, Kimmel was relieved of his command by Admiral W. Pye, former commander of the Battle Force, most of which was now lying in the Pearl Harbor mud.
		At nearly the same time, Pye, reasoning that "Wake is a liability" ordered the relief forces to turn back.
		However, not possessing the benefit of hindsight, Pye could not justify risking his precious carriers - the only effective Navy surface forces in the Pacific - on a relief mission, in the face of possibly overwhelming enemy forces.
	www.cv6.org /1941/wake/wake_2.htm (1036 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / THE DEFENSE OF WAKE
		When Admiral Kimmel had made his original plans for a counterattack at Wake, he had assumed, along with every other senior officer and civilian official in Washington, that he would be sailing against Japanese surface vessels in an openly declared war.
		Admiral Kimmel had been relieved of his command on the sixteenth and hustled into retirement until he could be court-martialed after the war for his part in the disaster at Pearl Harbor.
		In fairness Admiral Fletcher did not win the Medal of Honor because he was squeamish about fighting, and to divide one’s forces in the face of a numerically superior enemy, as he was to do five months later at the Battle of Midway, is not the mark of a timid admiral.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1987/5/1987_5_65.shtml (11995 words)

	TBRNews.org
		The allegation that Admiral Husband E. Kimmel knew of and ignored advice regarding the direction and extent to which he should have ordered long-range air reconnaissance prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor is false—and grounds to set it right exist.
		When presented with a draft of this article, and after a careful study of its contents, former CNO Admiral Trost wrote to Secretary of the Navy John H. Dalton, under the date 4 October 1994, withdrawing his memorandum to Secretary Webb, dated 19 January 1988, and asking that the case of Admiral Kimmel be reopened.
		Tom, the eldest grandson of Admiral Kimmel, the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked on December 7, 1941, is the sixth member of his family to graduate from the Naval Academy and the ninth to graduate from a service academy.
	www.tbrnews.org /Archives/a1425.htm (6656 words)

	Admiral Kimmel's Story (CHAPTER III: Information-Orders and Actions Prior to December 7, 1941)
		Admiral Halsey at that time was returning from an expedition to Wake Island with a task force specially constituted for that purpose and called Task Force 8.
		Admiral Wilson Brown, the commander of Task Force 3, on December 5 was engaged in operations in the vicinity of Johnston Island.
		When Admiral Halsey left for Wake on November 28, the three battleships of his task force accompanied him out of Pearl Harbor so as to avoid creating the impression that there was anything unusual about the movement of his task force.
	www.rooseveltmyth.com /KimmelStory/chap3.html (11630 words)

	Wake History3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Although the destroyers' fuel supply was reasonably adequate, their margin, in the event of a fight near Wake, seemed slim to Admiral Fletcher, and, on the 22d, rather than pressing in toward Wake, he commenced to fuel destroyers from the Neches, steaming slowly northward on a track which brought the force no nearer its destination.
		But before Admiral Fletcher could execute this hazardous decision (which would have spelled destruction for the Tangier and her relief force of Marines), the orders were countermanded.
		To add to the difficulties of decision, Admiral Pye knew that Wake was already, in the minds of many, written off as lost, and that some doubted if we could continue holding, even if this crisis was averted.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /micronesia/about_destin/wake_history3.html (6404 words)

	Written Voices Radio
		Normally they took turns -- six might be out with Admiral Pye's battleship task force, or three would be off with Admiral Halsey 's carrier task force.
		Thiswas Pye's turn in, but Halsey was out on a special assignment that meant leaving his battleships behind.
		General Short's opposite number, Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet -- known as CINCPAC in the Navy's jargon of endless initials -- had an even less eventful evening back in Honolulu.
	www.writtenvoices.com /titlepageexcerpt.asp?ISBN=0805068090 (1434 words)

	Pearl Harbor Attack: Commander Battle Force Action Report
		Admiral Pye, Captain Smith, Commander Hanlon, and other officers of the Staff returned to the ship and arrived on the Flag Bridge just about as the bomb mentioned above hit the California.
		Shortly after that Admiral Pye said we had better go to another ship, as it would be impossible to get underway in the California.
		Admiral Pye made the decision too, that we would report to the Commander-in-Chief for instructions before going to sea.
	www.history.navy.mil /docs/wwii/pearl/battlef.htm (1632 words)

	Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Cunningham
		Winfield's superior officer during this period was Rear Admiral Arthur J. Hepburn, commandant of the Twelfth Naval District, who during the latter part of 1938 was chairman of a board that recommended the development of Midway and Wake islands as Navy patrol-plane and submarine bases.
		The U.S. Fleet, commanded by Admiral J.O. Richardson, was the "enemy" in the problem, and was approaching the California coast for a mock invasion.
		Cunningham's Commanding Officer, Admiral Bloch, would rate Commander Cunningham "within the top 10%" for reactions during emergencies, performance at battle station or in battle duties, assuming responsibility when specific instructions are lacking, exercising judgment, inspiring subordinates to work to the maximum of their capacity, maintaining discipline among those under his command, and military conduct.
	www.chuckhawks.com /admiral_cunningham.htm (19564 words)

	Vice-Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		His relief of Wake was prevented by interim CinCPac Vice-Admiral Pye, and after his return to Pearl Harbor, Fletcher led out the Yorktown group against the Marshall and Gilbert Islands.
		Promoted to Vice-Admiral during the period of lull between the Midway and Guadalcanal operations, Admiral Fletcher led the three carriers during the latter operation.
		Accordingly, he was relieved as carrier commander and spent the rest of the war as commander of the Northern Pacific Area, in which function he led the occupation of Hokkaido after the war.
	www.microworks.net /pacific/biographies/frank_fletcher.htm (388 words)

	USS Long Island (CVE-1) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The data gathered by Long Island greatly improved the combat readiness of later “baby flattops.” Just after the Japanese attack, Long Island escorted a convoy to Newfoundland and qualified carrier pilots at Norfolk before departing for the West Coast on 10 May 1942.
		Reaching San Francisco 5 June, the ship immediately joined Admiral Pye’s four battleships and provided air cover while at sea to reinforce Admiral Chester Nimitz’s forces after their brilliant victory in the Battle of Midway.
		She left the formation 17 June and returned to the West Coast to resume carrier pilot training.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/USS_Long_Island_(CVE-1) (693 words)

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