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Topic: Admiral de Coligny

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	Wars of Religion - France.com
		The duc de Guise, François, was a military hero, and his brother, the Cardinal de Lorraine, was a formidable scholar and statesman.
		Catherine de' Medici tried to promote peace by issuing the "Edict of Toleration" in January '62, which made the practice of Protestantism not a crime, although it was restricted to preaching in open fields outside the towns and to the private estates of Huguenot (Protestant) nobles.
		On August 22, as Admiral de Coligny was returning to his lodgings from a visit with the king, an assassin fired at him, breaking his arm and wounding him severely, but not killing him outright.
	www.france.com /docs/75.html (3831 words)

	Gaspard de Coligny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His father, Gaspard I de Coligny, known as the Marshal of Châtillon, served in the Italian Wars from 1495 to 1515, and was created Marshal of France in 1516.
		In the campaign of 1543 Coligny distinguished himself, and was wounded at the sieges of Montmédy and Bains.
		The king's regard for the admiral, and the bold front of the Huguenots, alarmed Catherine, Queen Mother; and the massacre of St Bartholomew was the consequence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaspard_de_Coligny (886 words)

	Gaspard de Coligny Summary
		Coligny assumed the role of spokesman for the French Protestants, and his initial hope was to ally with the queen mother, Catherine de Médicis, and work through her to secure toleration for his fellow Huguenots.
		Believing that a war with Spain would be disastrous, Catherine de Médicis fought desperately during the summer of 1572 to convince the royal council and her son Charles IX to reject the proposal of war, but Coligny persisted in discussing it with the young king.
		Coligny's father father, Gaspard I de Coligny, known as the Marshal of Châtillon, served in the Italian Wars from 1495 to 1515, and was created Marshal of France in 1516.
	www.bookrags.com /Gaspard_de_Coligny (1580 words)

	The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve
		The King and the Queen Mother are in attendance, listening to Admiral de Coligny and Marshall Tavannes debating the merits of aligning with the Dutch against Spain.
		Admiral de Coligny rails against the abuses suffered by the Hugenots in Paris, but Marshall Tavannes is more than satisfied with the terms of a treaty signed long ago between Catholics and Protestants.
		Admiral de Coligny is alive and recovering, although still gravely ill. Price Henri has arrived to call on him, barely able to get through the Catholic guard which has been stationed around the house.
	www.drwhoguide.com /who_w.htm (6976 words)

	Saint Bartholomew's Day
		For the satisfactory solution of the question it is necessary to distinguish carefully between the attempted murder of Coligny on 22 August and his assassination on the night of 23-24 August, and the general massacre of Protestants.
		On 12 September, 1571, the Admiral de Coligny came to Blois, where Charles IX resided, to superintend and further this new policy, and it would seem that just at that time the king was sincere in seeking the support of Coligny and the Protestants against Philip II.
		This intervention caused Catherine to plan Coligny's assassination, and at a meeting to which she called Madame de Nemours, widow of the great Duke of Guise, it was decided that Maurevel should set a trap for the admiral.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/bartholomews_day,saint.html (3752 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Catherine De' Medici
		Born 13 April, 1519; died 5 January, 1589; she was the daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici (II), Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de la Tour d' Auvergne who, by her mother, Catherine of Bourbon, was related to the royal house of France.
		In a word she was a woman of the Renaissance, a disciple of Machiavelli, and the objective point of her policy may be perceived when we remember that she was a mother, crowned.
		de la Ferriere, I IV, and de Puchesse, VII (Paris, Imprimerie Nationale); de Lacombe, Les débuts des guerres de religion: Catherine de Médicis entre Guise et Conde (Paris, 1899); Bouchot, Catherine de Medicis (Paris, 1899); Sichel, Catherine de Médicis and the French Reformation (London, 1905).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03443a.htm (1463 words)

	The Reformation in France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Perhaps his chief contribution to France was his marriage to Catherine de' Medici (and that had been arranged when he was fourteen), for Catherine became the Queen Mother and regent for many years after her husband's death.
		Louis de Bourbon was Prince de Condé and became the early military leader of the Huguenot armies.
		Coligny was forced to take command of the Huguenot forces, and he led them into winter quarters.
	www.boisestate.edu /courses/reformation/france/16thc.shtml (7172 words)

	Gaspard de Coligny
		The Admiral of Coligny, Lord of Chatillon, never participated in a battle at sea to earn his title of Admiral.
		Gaspard of Coligny, born 1519, was the second son (which in part explains why he chose the military as a career) of a noble man close to the royal family.
		Although the king tried to persuade Coligny to return to his court, he refused, and eventually Coligny was returned to prison.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~lavoicy/poissy/Coligny.htm (731 words)

	Historical Timeline
		Henry de Bourbon (aka Henri de Navarre and later Henri IV) is born to Jeanne d’Albret, Protestant Queen of Navarre and Antoine de Bourbon, head of that house.
		Murder of Admiral de Coligny (military leader of the Huguenots) and massacre of thousands of Protestants in Paris and in the provinces, on the occasion of the marriage of Henri de Navarre (now King of Navarre on the recent death of his mother, Jeanne d'Albret), to the sister of the Charles IX, Marguerite de Valois.
		Some wished the duc de Mayenne to be his successor, others preferred Philip II of Spain, who laid claim to France on behalf of his daughter by his third marriage with Elizabeth de Valois, sister of Henri III (which would never be allowed by Salic law).
	www.lepg.org /timeline.htm (1373 words)

	St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
		Catherine de' Medici, a relative of Pope Clement VII, married the duke of Orléans at age 14; he would become King Henry II of France.
		The Huguenot leader, Admiral Coligny, began to exercise more influence over Charles in matters of state than Catherine, so she used the occasion of a political marriage designed to make peace between Protestants and Catholics — the marriage of Henry of Navarre to Marguerite de Valois — to have Coligny assassinated.
		De Thou helped to draft the Edict of Nantes, which (briefly) granted toleration to the Huguenots in France.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0824almanac.htm (682 words)

	FrederikHendrik
		His mother, Louise de Coligny, was daughter of the famous Huguenot leader, Admiral de Coligny, and was the fourth wife of William the Silent.
		The boy was trained to arms by his elder brother, Maurice of Nassau, one of the first generals of his age.
		The treaty of Munster, ending the long struggle between the Dutch and the Spaniards, was not actually signed until January 30, 1648, the illness and death of the stadtholder having caused a delay in the negotiations.
	www.geocities.com /henry8jane5/FrederikHendrik.html (352 words)

	RAPLEE, JANSSEN, FAMILY IN AMERICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The family of George (Joris) Janssen de Rappalje and Cathylyn Trico arrived in America aboard the ship Unity that was under the command of the Dutch explorer Cornelious Mayes.
		The deed for this land is somewhere in the NY archives in Albany.
		He was nineteen, and she was eighteen; neither had parents sign the registry, which suggests that both were either alone in the world or alone in that part of the world, which amounted to the same thing.
	nortvoods.net /raplee.html (926 words)

	"On Her Lips the Psalms..."
		The island Coligny in the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, settled by Villegagnon in 1555, was in need of colonists.
		The prayers and the singing of the psalms, done in the forecastle, were loud enough to drown out the chanting of the priest as he was saying mass in another part of the ship.
		His Lordship "was dissatisfied with Sieur de Caen, owing to the report which had reached him that he had caused the prayers of their so-called religion to be said publicly within the river St. Lawrence, and had desired the Catholics to attend them, a thing which His Lordship had forbidden him to do."
	spindleworks.com /library/huguenot/onHerLips.htm (1619 words)

	The Massacre (3)
		DE COLIGNY: If we ally ourselves to the Dutch in their conflict with Spain, the common cause will unify the country, and prevent further civil strife.
		DE COLIGNY: If the King refuses to make war, may it please God that another war will not be forced on him, which it would not be easy to renounce.
		DE COLIGNY: It was time her power was challenged.
	www.geocities.com /doctorwhoscripts/massacre3.htm (2075 words)

	FLORIDA OF THE FRENCH</HEAD>
		Coligny was a clever statesman and a trusted maritime advisor to the Bourbon king, Charles IX.
		Coligny convinced Charles IX that France's future success as a nation depended upon competing with Spain and Portugal for American colonies.
		Charles' mother Catherine de Medici, a staunch Catholic who was divided by her desire to expand French colonization and her faith, warned Philip II that Coligny wanted to overthrow Spain in the New World.
	www.floridahistory.org /floridians/french.htm (1477 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History Biographies : The Medici Queens
		In 1533, when she was only fourteen years old, Catherine de Medici married the future King Henry II of France.
		Catherine was the daughter of the Italian Duke of Urbino, Lorenzo de Medici.
		When he was assassinated in 1610 Marie de Medici assumed the duties of regent for her son, Louis XIII.
	www.saburchill.com /history/biblio/020.html (452 words)

	Find in a Library: Admiral Coligny, and the rise of the Huguenots.
		Find in a Library: Admiral Coligny, and the rise of the Huguenots.
		Admiral Coligny, and the rise of the Huguenots.
		Subjects: Coligny, Gaspard de, -- seigneur de Châtillon,
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/f3ba33f2ca83012b.html (80 words)

	In 1562 Admiral Coligny, head of the Protestant party in France sent out an expedition under Captain Jean Ribaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rene de Laudonniere, a relative of Admiral Coligny, mounted a second expedition in 1564.
		The Governor-General of Spanish North America Pedro Menendez de Aviles was ordered to sail from Havana (Hispanola) with 34 ships and 2646 men to eliminate the French presence and to establish control over the entire region.
		The French spotted the Spanish fleet and Admiral Jean Ribaut moved his forces to meet the Spanish.
	web2.mgc.edu /probards/French.htm (240 words)

	The Massacre (4)
		DE LERAN: Nicholas, no! If you were to leave Paris it would be better for you and for us.
		DE COLIGNY: I hope Henri of Navarre realises how dangerous it is to have such a hothead in his service.
		Admiral de Coligny is one of the Huguenot leaders.
	www.geocities.com /doctorwhoscripts/massacre4.htm (1809 words)

	Ancestors of Admiral Gaspard DE COLIGNY II
		Admiral Gaspard DE COLIGNY II Born: 1518, Chatillon Sur Loing, France
		Gaspard married Jacquiline DE MONTBEL D' Entremont, daughter of Sebastien DE MONTBEL and Beatrice DE ESCALONA, in 1571.
		(Jacquiline DE MONTBEL D' Entremont was born in 1541 in Isere, Savoy, France and died in 1600 in Geneva, Switzerland.)
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~clarke/1082.htm (68 words)

	Coligny, Gaspard de Chatillon, comte de. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He organized two unsuccessful colonies (1555, 1562) in the New World (see Rio de Janeiro; Ribaut, Jean).
		In 1557 he defended Saint-Quentin against the Spaniards, but he was taken prisoner and was not released until 1559.
		Catherine, alarmed at the possibility of war with Spain, also feared that Coligny’s increasing influence would weaken her own hold on the king.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/Coligny.html (369 words)

	Coligny - North West Province South Africa
		Originally named Treurfontein (well of sadness), the name was changed to honour Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, a staunch French Huguenot who was killed in the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day (24 August 1572) in Paris
		At first sight, Coligny gives the impression of being just another dusty, windswept village - forgotten in the mists of time and bypassed by modern life.
		With the last sitting of the parliament of the old Transvaal Republic, before the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, General Koos de la Rey, representing Lichtenburg, managed to get his proposal accepted for the railway line to be extended from Welverdiend in the east through Coligny, to Lichtenburg and south to Delareyville.
	www.tourismnorthwest.co.za /central/coligny.html (501 words)

	Amundsen-Cubanski Genealogy
		Gaspard DE COLIGNY (28 Sep 1554 - 14 Jul 1562) 3.
		Jeanne Louise DE COLIGNY (28 Sep 1555 - Abt 1619) 4.
		Jaçqueline was 30 years old at the time of her marriage to Admiral de Coligny.
	www.csc.calpoly.edu /~kamundse/genealogy/i78.htm (476 words)

	Tracy Chevalier : The Virgin Blue : Background : St Bartholomew's Day Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Orchestrated by Charles IX’s mother Catherine de’ Medici, the intent was to strike at the heart of Huguenot nobility – many of whom had gathered in Paris for the marriage of Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois.
		An attempt had been made two days before on the life of Calvinist leader Admiral de Coligny, and when that failed Catherine persuaded her reluctant son to order the massacre to stem the growing power of French Protestants.
		The Massacre had a far-reaching effect, encouraging the killing of Huguenots across the countryside – eventually in the Cévennes, where the book is partly set.
	www.tchevalier.com /thevirginblue/background/stbart/index.html (172 words)

	Neddy’s Palaver :: France’s Day of Shame :: August :: 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Queen Mother of France, Catherine de’ Medici, had arranged for Henry of Navarre, Duke of Bourbon and a patron of the Huguenots, to marry her daughter Marguerite.
		Two days prior to the wedding, Catherine de’ Medici, as acting regent, implemented a plan to murder the Huguenots’; leader Admiral Gaspard Coligny, Upon hearing that her plan had failed as the Admiral was left wounded instead, the Queen Mother quickly formulated a plan for a general massacre.
		After he had served for several days as a spectacle to gratify the hate of many and arouse the just indignation of many others … Francois de Montmorency … had him taken by night from the gibbet by trusty men and carried to Chantilly, where he was buried in the chapel.
	neddy.blogsome.com /2005/08/23/st-bartholomew (967 words)

	Amazon.com: "French Admiral Coligny": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Earl of Leicester, is called an old man by Spencer in a letter to Gabriel Harvey in 1582; and the French Admiral Coligny is represented by his biographer, Lord Huntington, as a very old man, though at the time of his death he...
		William counted on Coligny's aid to defeat Alva, for Coligny was an ardent Protestant and had many men at his...
		Spenser in a letter to Gabriel Harvey in 1582, at which time Leicester was not fifty years old; and the French Admiral Coligny is represented by his biographer Lord Huntington, as a very old man, though at the time of his death he...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/French-Admiral-Coligny (521 words)

	The Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Doctor decides to visit the famous apothecary, Charles Preslin, while Steven befriends a group of Huguenots from the household of the Protestant Admiral de Coligny.
		Steven discovers that it appears that the much-hated Catholic dignitary, the Abbot of Amboise, is actually the Doctor in disguise; he follows him, and overhears a plan to murder de Coligney.
		The attempt fails and the abbot is held responsible, and is killed.
	www.clivebanks.co.uk /Massacre.htm (267 words)

	Amazon.com: "Admiral Coligny": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the late As- sembly, Admiral Coligny spoke boldly in favour of a frank concession of religious liberty and advocated a complete cessation of persecution.
		At Fontainebleau Admiral Coligny, Montmorency, the Chatillons, and others openly professed the reformed religion, and argued boldly for tolerance;...
		Franois d'Andelot, the brother of Admiral Coligny, decided to evangelize his estates in Brittany with the help of Gaspard Carmel, a Parisian pastor.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Admiral-Coligny (545 words)

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