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Topic: Adrenal cortex

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	Adrenal Insufficiency
		He wrote that salt is a diuretic and that hypoadrenocortics (patients with low adrenal cortex function) retain fluid because the body is trying to hold onto the salt.
		The adrenal cortex produces about 25% of the estrogenic hormones in women and 65% of the androgenic hormones in the man. The inability of the adrenals to produce the additional sex hormones may result in the flat chested female or the sparse chest-haired male.
		But if you remove them, and then inject extract of cattle adrenals (cortex), stress resistance will vary in direct proportion to the amount of the injection, and even be put back to normal." Likewise a person's stress resistance will vary with the competence of his adrenals, but continually stressing the adrenals finally depletes them.
	www.drkaslow.com /html/adrenal_insufficiency.html (0 words)

	Endotext.com - Adrenal Physiology And Diseases, Adrenal Insufficiency
		Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by diseases affecting the adrenal cortex (primary), the pituitary gland and the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (secondary), or the hypothalamus and the secretion of corticotropic-releasing hormone (CRH) (tertiary).
		Adrenal Crisis: Adrenal crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency may complicate the course of chronic primary adrenal insufficiency, and may be precipitated by a serious infection, acute stress, bilateral adrenal infarction or hemorrhage.
		Adrenal crisis can occur in patients receiving appropriate doses of glucocorticoid if their mineralocorticoid requirements are not met (22), whereas patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency and normal aldosterone secretion rarely present in adrenal crisis.
	www.endotext.org /adrenal/adrenal13/adrenal13.htm (2740 words)

	Endotext.com - Adrenal Physiology And Diseases, Adrenal Cortex, Development, Anatomy, Physiology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The adrenal gland is composed of two embryologically distinct tissues, the cortex and medulla, respectively arising from the mesoderm and neuroectoderm.
		In contrast to the fetal cortex, which is constructed from primarily the zona fetalis, the adult adrenal cortex consists of three anatomically distinct zones (Fig.
		Lymphocytes are scattered in the adrenal cortex (Fig.
	www.endotext.org /adrenal/adrenal1/adrenal1.htm (965 words)

	Adrenal Cancer - Overview, Types, Incidence - urologychannel
		Adrenal cancer is a rare disease that originates in the adrenal glands.
		The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and consist of two parts that function separately: the outer layer (cortex) and the inner area (medulla).
		Symptoms of adrenal cancer and treatment for the condition depend on whether the tumor is functioning or nonfunctioning, and on which hormone is being overproduced.
	www.urologychannel.com /adrenalcancer (0 words)

	The Adrenal Glands
		In females, the adrenal cortex is a major source of androgens.
		an inherited mutation in the ACTH receptor on adrenal cells.
		The adrenal medulla consists of masses of neurons that are part of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Adrenals.html (696 words)

	Adrenal Cortex: Overview - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		The adrenal cortex is subdivided into 3 layers or zones, although the demarcation between zones often is indistinct.
		The zona fasciculata, the middle zone, comprises ~70% of the cortex and is composed of cells that contain abundant cytoplasmic lipid and the glucocorticoid hormones.
		Mineralocorticoids, of which the most potent naturally occurring one is aldosterone, are adrenal steroids that have their principal effects on ion transport by epithelial cells, resulting in a loss of potassium and retention of sodium.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/40202.htm (433 words)

	The Adrenal Gland
		The adrenal medulla: The inner portion of the adrenal gland, the adrenal medulla, is innervated by presynaptic sympathetic nerve fibers and releases the catecholamines, adrenalin (epinephrine) and noradrenalin (norepinephrine), whenever the sympathetic nervous system is activated.
		The adrenal cortex: The outer portion of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex, is involved in synthesis and secretion of the adrenal "corticosteroids," notably cortisol and aldosterone and their numerous metabolites.
		Adrenal tumors may cause virilization in females, feminization in males and a return to uterine bleeding in postmenopausal females, depending on the nature of the steroid that the tumor produces in excess.
	faculty.etsu.edu /currie/adrenal.htm (2289 words)

	Phys. I, Sect. 6, Adrenal Cortex, Syllabi
		Maybe a primary disease of the adrenal cortex or adrenocortical failure caused by a deficiency of ACTH.
		Adrenal cortex is the outer part and the bulk of the adrenal gland.
		Adrenal insufficiency occurs when at least 90% of the adrenal cortex has been destroyed, resulting in a lack of both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones.Somestimes only the adrenal gland is affected, sometimes other glands are affected as in polyendocrine deficiency disorder.
	www.hodsonhome.com /mna2001/physiology/physiology1/phy1sec6adrenalcortex.htm (1878 words)

	Adrenal Disorders and Treatments: hormones, tumors, cancer, and surgery options.
		The adrenal glands are orange-colored endocrine glands which are located on the top of both kidneys.
		The adrenal cortex produces other hormones necessary for fluid and electrolyte (salt) balance in the body such as cortisone and aldosterone.
		Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex: Cushings Syndrome from cortisol overproduction
	www.endocrineweb.com /adrenal.html (0 words)

	Adrenal Cortex Glandular
		“Adrenal extracts have been recommended and successfully used for a variety of conditions that involve low adrenal function, including asthenia, asthma, colds, burns, depletion from infectious diseases, from colds, coughs, dyspepsia (poor digestion) early Addison’s disease, hypotension (low blood pressure), infections, infectious diseasesneurasthenia (low energy/weakness), tuberculosis, light-headedness and dizziness, and vomiting during pregnancy”
		From “Practical Organotherapy,” H.R. Harrower as quoted in "Adrenal Fatigue The 21st Century Stress Syndrome," by James L. Wilson, N.D.,D.C, Ph.D. These extracts are used to replenish and eventually normalize adrenal function.
		An advantage over cortisol hormone replacement is adrenal cortical extracts can be discontinued once they have done their job of repairing adrenal function.
	store.drmurphreestore.com /adgl.html (0 words)

	Thorne Research - Cortrex - 60 - A - Adrenal Extracts - Health & Personal Care Store
		Adrenal Cortex (Organic Glandular) supports the cortex portion of the adrenal gland.
		The adrenal cortex is the outer portions of the adrenal gland and is involved in the secretion of a variety of adrenal hormones, mainly cortisol.
		The medulla is the inner portion of the adrenal gland and is involved in the synthesis and secretion of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine.
	www.grandhealth1.com /nutrition-fitness/vitamins-supplements/a-z/a/adrenal-extracts (0 words)

	Adrenal Fatigue
		Per gram of tissue the adrenals have one of the highest rates of blood flow and the highest concentration of vitamin C. There are actually two parts to the adrenal gland.
		The cortex produces the steroid hormones cortisol, DHEA and aldosterone while the medulla (inner portion) produces adrenaline and noradrenaline.
		The adrenals actually function based on a circadian rhythm with the greatest amount of hormones produced early in the day and then decrease as the day progresses.
	drhedberg.com /articles/article.php?id=149 (0 words)

	Adrenal cortex definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Adrenal cortex: The outer portion of the adrenal gland located on top of each kidney.
		The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones which regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism and mineralocorticoid hormones which regulate salt and water balance in the body.
		Underfunction of the adrenal cortex results in Addison disease while overfunction occurs in the adrenogenital syndrome and in Cushing syndrome.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9704 (0 words)

	Histology of the Adrenal Cortex (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cells in the adrenal cortex are arranged into three concentric zones.
		The zona fasiculata is the middle and largest of the three zones in the cortex.
		In the image below, also of a rabbit adrenal, the reticularis occupies roughly 2/3rds of the center, with a bit of fasiculata on the left and the medulla on the right (H&E).
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/histo_cortex.html (234 words)

	OHSU Health - The Adrenal Glands (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An adrenal gland is made of two parts: the outer region is called the adrenal cortex and the inner region is called the adrenal medulla.
		The adrenal cortex, the outer portion of the adrenal gland, is essential to life by secreting hormones that have an effect on the body's metabolism, on chemicals in the blood, and on certain body characteristics.
		The adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal gland, is not essential to life, but helps a person in coping with physical and emotional stress.
	www.ohsuhealth.com /htaz/endocrine/adrenal/index.cfm (313 words)

	Adrenal Gland Cancer \| AHealthyMe.com
		Adrenal gland cancers are rare cancers occuring in the endocrine tissue of the adrenals.
		The adrenal gland is a hormone producing endocrine gland with two main parts, the cortex and the medulla.
		The main hormone of the adrenal cortex is cortisol and the main hormone of the adrenal medulla is epinephrine.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/adrenalcancer (586 words)

	The Adrenal Glands
		The outer covering (adrenal cortex) is derived from the fetal mesodermal ridge, a structure that also gives rise to the kidneys so that the juxtaposition of the two organs is not surprising.
		Within the adrenal cortex are three zones known as the outer (zona glomerulosa), the middle (zona fasciculata), and the inner (zona reticularis).
		The adrenal cortex is capable of synthesizing all of the steroid hormones produced by the body, including the progestogens and estrogens (see the ovary), androgens (see the testis), mineralocorticoids (which are secreted from the zona glomerulosa), and glucocorticoids (which are synthesized and released from the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex).
	www.becomehealthynow.com /article2/bodyendocrine/679 (1432 words)

	ACS :: What Is Adrenal Cortical Cancer?
		The function of the cortex is to produce certain hormones for the body.
		Adrenal cortex adenomas: Most tumors of the adrenal cortex are benign adenomas.
		Adrenal cortical cancer: The type of cancer that develops in the cortex of the adrenal gland is called adrenal cortical carcinoma.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1X_What_Is_Adrenal_Cortical_Cancer_71.asp?sitearea= (876 words)

	UrologyHealth.org - Adult Conditions - Adrenal & Kidney Diseases - Adrenal Gland Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The outer part (adrenal cortex) secretes many different hormones that control the use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates in the body.
		Adrenal benign and cancerous tumors: Benign or cancerous adrenal tumors are removed by an adrenalectomy, which is surgical removal of the entire gland.
		Hormone made by the outer layer (cortex) of the adrenal gland that regulates the balance of salt and water in the body and is essential for the maintenance of blood pressure.
	www.urologyhealth.org /adult/index.cfm?cat=02&topic=30 (3228 words)

	How to Cope with Adrenal Fatigue
		The adrenal glands, situated above the kidneys and composed of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex, play an integral role in the body's stress response, especially its "fight-or-flight" response.
		If we spend too much time in a state of alarm or resistance, common states of stress, our adrenals may eventually succumb to a state of exhaustion, in which the adrenal gland no longer functions optimally and may be accompanied by atrophy of the adrenal cortex.
		Adrenal glandular supplies small amounts of natural cortisone, making the pituitary gland think that the adrenal gland is working normally.
	www.herbtime.com /InformationPages/AdrenalFatigue.htm (449 words)

	Adrenal Axis
		Adrenal metastases are seen in up to 60% of disseminated breast or lung cancer, but many do not result in adrenal insufficiency.
		Adrenal insufficiency ruled out if basal or post-stimulation cortisol is ≥; 18-20 µg/dl (using higher cutoff minimizes underdiagnosis, some also consider a rise ≥ 7 µg/dl or doubling of baseline as normal, however, increment does not distinguish normals (1/3 of normals have rise ≤ 7) and a higher baseline gives a lower increment).
		Adrenal autoantibodies: Their use is complicated by issues of assay standardization and transient seropositivity (20-25% spontaneous remission).
	www.endocrinology.med.ucla.edu /adrenal_axis.htm (3508 words)

	Endocrine System / Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones / Adrenal Gland
		The adrenal, or suprarenal, gland is paired with one gland located near the upper portion of each kidney.
		The adrenal cortex is essential to life, but the medulla may be removed with no life-threatening effects.
		Male hormones, androgens, and female hormones, estrogens, are secreted in minimal amounts in both sexes by the adrenal cortex, but their effect is usually masked by the hormones from the testes and ovaries.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit6_3_endo_glnds3_adrenal.html (311 words)

	Adrenocortical Carcinoma Overview (Cancer of the Adrenal Cortex)
		When cells in the adrenal cortex become cancerous, they may make too much of one or more hormones, which can cause symptoms such as high blood pressure, weakening of the bones, or diabetes.
		If a patient has symptoms of cancer of the adrenal cortex, the doctor will order blood and urine tests to see whether the amounts of hormones in the body are normal.
		The chance of recovery (prognosis) from cancer of the adrenal cortex depends on how far the cancer has spread (the stage of the disease) and on whether a doctor is able to surgically remove all of the cancer.
	www.umgcc.org /gi_program/adrenocortical.htm (344 words)

	SIU SOM Histology ERG
		The adrenal cortex forms a layer of uniform thickness around the irregular adrenal medulla -- rather like a pita bread (the cortex) stuffed with filling (the medulla).
		The adrenal cortex consists of epithelial cords arranged more-or-less perpendicular to the organ's thin connective tissue capsule.
		The adrenal medulla consists of loosely organized cells derived from neural crest which functionally resemble sympathetic neurons.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/erg/adrenal.htm (421 words)

	Adrenal Extract
		Adrenal extracts are derived from the adrenal glands of bovine (beef) sources.
		Commercially available adrenal extracts are made using the whole gland (whole or total adrenal extracts) or just the cortex or outer portion of the gland (adrenal cortex extracts).
		Adrenal extracts prepared for injection were commonly used at one time, but currently are unavailable.
	www.pccnaturalmarkets.com /health/Supp/Adrenal_Extract.htm (464 words)

	Adrenal Insufficiency
		Adrenal insufficiency is a life-threatening condition caused by the disrupted functioning of the adrenal gland called the cortex.
		The shrinking or destruction of the adrenal cortex from an autoimmune disorder is the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency.
		However, patients need to be aware of the significance of emotional distress, the value of wearing a medical-alert bracelet or tag, the signs of impending crisis, the use of a prepared kit for emergencies, and the importance of careful attention to drug use and diet.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/a/adrenalinsufficiency.htm (583 words)

	Adrenal
		Excessive stress may contribute to the development of mild adrenal cortex insufficiency--a deficiency of hydrocortisone.
		The adrenal cortex, the outer part of the gland, secretes steroid hormones, such as hydrocortisone, to help the body adapt to chronic stress.
		Mild adrenal insufficiency is aggravated by, but also contributes to, a person's abuse of substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, recreational drugs, sugar, and artificial sweeteners.
	www.mbschachter.com /adrenal.htm (785 words)

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