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Topic: Adrenal insufficiency

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	AllRefer Health - Acute Adrenal Crisis (Acute Adrenal Insufficiency, Addisonian Crisis, Adrenal Crisis)
		Acute adrenal crisis is a life-threatening state caused by insufficient levels of cortisol, which is a hormone produced and released by the adrenal gland.
		Acute adrenal crisis is a medical emergency caused by a lack of cortisol.
		Adrenal crisis occurs if the adrenal gland is deteriorating (Addison's disease, primary adrenal insufficiency), if there is pituitary gland injury (secondary adrenal insufficiency), or adrenal insufficiency is not adequately treated.
	health.allrefer.com /health/acute-adrenal-crisis-info.html (484 words)

	Addison's Disease
		Adrenal insufficiency affects about 1-4 people per 100,000 in the U.S. It is found in patients of all ages and affects both males and females equally.
		About 30% of the time the adrenal damage is due to other causes, such as: tuberculosis (a common cause in areas of the world where tuberculosis is more prevalent); bacterial, viral and fungal infections; adrenal hemorrhage; and the spread of cancer into the adrenal glands.
		Secondary adrenal insufficiency can also arise when corticosteroid therapy (such as prednisone, which may be given to relieve inflammation in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis) is abruptly halted.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/conditions/addisons_disease.html (494 words)

	Endotext.com - Adrenal Physiology And Diseases, Adrenal Insufficiency
		Adrenal Crisis: Adrenal crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency may complicate the course of chronic primary adrenal insufficiency, and may be precipitated by a serious infection, acute stress, bilateral adrenal infarction or hemorrhage.
		Adrenal crisis can occur in patients receiving appropriate doses of glucocorticoid if their mineralocorticoid requirements are not met (22), whereas patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency and normal aldosterone secretion rarely present in adrenal crisis.
		The onset of chronic adrenal insufficiency is often insidious and the diagnosis may be difficult in the early stages of the disease.
	www.endotext.org /adrenal/adrenal13/adrenal13.htm (2740 words)

	adrenal insufficiency (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Adrenal insufficiency refers to the inability of the adrenal glands to produce a normal quantity of hormones.
		The fight-or-flight response is mediated by the adrenal medulla.
		Adrenal hormones are divided into two groups, those produced in the adrenal medulla and those produced in the cortex.
	www.drlwilson.com /articles/adrenal_insufficiency.htm (1521 words)

	Pituitary Network Association - Disorders - Adrenal Insufficiency
		The problem may be due to a disorder of the adrenal glands themselves (primary adrenal insufficiency) or to inadequate secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (secondary adrenal insufficiency).
		When adrenal insufficiency was first identified by Dr. Thomas Addison in 1849, TB was found at autopsy in 70 to 90 percent of cases.
		Less common causes of primary adrenal insufficiency are chronic infections, mainly fungal infections; cancer cells spreading from other parts of the body to the adrenal glands; amyloidosis; and surgical removal of the adrenal glands.
	www.pituitary.org /disorders/addisons_disease.aspx (2494 words)

	addison's disease
		The problem may be due to a disorder of the adrenal glands themselves (primary adrenal insufficiency) or to inadequate secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (secondary adrenal insufficiency).
		When adrenal insufficiency was first identified by Dr. Thomas Addison in 1849, TB was found at autopsy in 70 to 90 percent of cases.
		Less common causes of primary adrenal insufficiency are chronic infection, mainly fungal infections; cancer cells spreading from other parts of the body to the adrenal glands; amyloidosis; and surgical removal of the adrenal glands.
	www.seekwellness.com /conditions/addisons.htm (0 words)

	Adrenal insufficiency
		Adrenal insufficiency refers to the inability of the adrenal glands to produce a normal quantity of hormones.
		Adrenal insufficiency is a life-threatening condition caused by the disrupted functioning of the adrenal gland called the cortex.
		Many people do not recognize the slow progression of symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and it is ultimately identified when a doctor notices the areas of increased pigmentation of the skin.
	endocrine-disorders.health-cares.net /adrenal-insufficiency.php (0 words)

	Implications of Adrenal Insufficiency : Biopathics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The medulla portion of the adrenal gland is primarily involved in the secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline).
		Addison’s disease, a failure of the adrenal cortex, is often caused by autoimmune phenomenon, tuberculosis, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, hemorrhage, fungal infection, sarcoidosis, and hematomacrosis.
		Adrenal enzyme deficiency is the other disorder of the adrenal cortex that can lead to primary adrenal cortex insufficiency.
	www.biopathics.com /adrenal_insufficiency[1].htm (2915 words)

	X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita - Genetics Home Reference
		One of the main characteristics of this disorder is adrenal insufficiency, a reduction in adrenal gland function that results from incomplete development of the gland's outer layer (the adrenal cortex).
		Females are rarely affected by this disorder, but a few cases have been reported of adrenal insufficiency or a lack of female sex hormones, resulting in underdeveloped reproductive tissues, delayed puberty, and an absence of menstruation (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism).
		Mutations in the NR0B1 gene cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /condition=xlinkedadrenalhypoplasiacongenita (682 words)

	Adrenal Insufficiency
		A person with undiagnosed adrenal dysfunction (who is therefore a salt loser) on a salt restricted diet may be slowly deteriorating as the result.
		The adrenal cortex produces about 25% of the estrogenic hormones in women and 65% of the androgenic hormones in the man. The inability of the adrenals to produce the additional sex hormones may result in the flat chested female or the sparse chest-haired male.
		In patients in their thirties or older may also have an absence of hair on the lower two-thirds of the legs, which is not due to being worn off by the trousers as is supposed.
	www.drkaslow.com /html/adrenal_insufficiency.html (1798 words)

	UpToDate Clinical manifestations of adrenal insufficiency
		Patients with long-standing adrenal insufficiency who present in crisis may be hyperpigmented (due to chronic ACTH hypersecretion) and have weight loss, serum electrolyte abnormalities, and other manifestations of chronic adrenal insufficiency (show table 2) [1].
		Thus, adrenal crisis can occur in patients who are receiving physiologic or even pharmacologic doses of synthetic glucocorticoid if their mineralocorticoid requirements are not met [3,4].
		The cause is unknown; in adrenal insufficiency associated with polyglandular autoimmune failure, it may be a manifestation of the serositis associated with this disorder [8].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=adrenal/5492 (481 words)

	Adrenal Axis
		Adrenal metastases are seen in up to 60% of disseminated breast or lung cancer, but many do not result in adrenal insufficiency.
		Acute adrenal insufficiency can be lethal, suspect in setting of unexplained pressor-resistant hypotension, abdominal pain, vomiting, high fever, confusion (note: hyponatremia and in particular hyperkalemia is not always present; up to 40% of Addison’s patients are normokalemic).
		Adrenal insufficiency ruled out if basal or post-stimulation cortisol is ≥; 18-20 µg/dl (using higher cutoff minimizes underdiagnosis, some also consider a rise ≥ 7 µg/dl or doubling of baseline as normal, however, increment does not distinguish normals (1/3 of normals have rise ≤ 7) and a higher baseline gives a lower increment).
	www.endocrinology.med.ucla.edu /adrenal_axis.htm (3508 words)

	eMedicine - Adrenal Insufficiency : Article by Thomas A Wilson
		Secondary adrenal insufficiency due to a deficiency of ACTH or CRH, or to a lack of ACTH receptors, is equally common among male individuals and female individuals.
		Lipoid adrenal hyperplasia is another rare form of adrenal insufficiency caused either by a mutation in the steroid acute regulatory protein, or STAR (OMIM 201710) or a mutation in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage gene (CYP11A locus, OMIM 118485).
		In a child with adrenal insufficiency, long-term glucocorticoid replacement must be balanced between the need to prevent symptoms of the adrenal insufficiency and the need to allow the child to grow at a normal rate while preventing symptoms of glucocorticoid excess.
	www.emedicine.com /PED/topic47.htm (0 words)

	Addison's disease - chronic adrenal insufficiency
		Addison's disease (also known as chronic adrenal insufficiency, or hypocortisolism) is a rare endocrine disorder.
		primary adrenal insufficiency, in which the adrenal glands themselves malfunction; secondary adrenal insufficiency occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to adequately stimulate the adrenal glands.
		For this reason, the disease is sometimes called chronic adrenal insufficiency, or hypocortisolism.
	endocrine-disorders.health-cares.net /addisons-disease.php (0 words)

	ADRENAL FATIGUE
		Adrenal fatigue should not be confused with another medical condition called Addison's disease where the adrenal glands are not functioning.
		Adrenal hormones are low in the case of Adrenal fatigue, but still within the "normal" range and not low enough to warrant the diagnosis of Addison's disease by regular blood tests.
		Adrenal fatigue is commonly cause by chronic stress from any source (including emotional, physical, mental, or environmental) that exceeds the body's capacity to adjust appropriately to the demands placed on it by the stress.
	www.drlam.com /A3R_brief_in_doc_format/adrenal_fatigue.cfm (8391 words)

	Adrenal Insufficiency
		Adrenal insufficiency is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and blood tests to measure the levels of adrenal hormones.
		There is some question in conventional medicine as to whether it is possible to have chronic sub clinically weak adrenal function that is, adrenal insufficiency that is not severe enough to be detected by conventional testing, but that can nevertheless cause symptoms.
		Adrenal insufficiency diet : It gives information and guidelines to choose your sample diet to eliminate adrenal insufficiency.
	www.doc20.com /disease/adrenal-insufficiency (0 words)

	Best Home Remedies Blog
		Adrenal insufficiency: Evaluate for hyperpigmentation in the palmar creases, fingernails, elbows, knees, buccal mucosa, areolae, and nipples (due to elevated ACTH levels).
		Adrenal insufficiency: Autoimmune damage to the adrenal gland is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (approximately 80 percent of cases).
		For secondary adrenal insufficiency, the cause is lack of ACTH due to pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction.
	www.best-home-remedies.com /blog (0 words)

	eMedicine - Adrenal Insufficiency and Adrenal Crisis : Article by Kevin Klauer, DO, FACEP
		In primary adrenocortical insufficiency, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid properties are lost; however, in secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (ie, secondary to disease or suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis), mineralocorticoid function is preserved.
		Secondary adrenal insufficiency may be caused by hypopituitarism due to hypothalamic-pituitary disease, or it may result from suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by exogenous steroids or endogenous steroids (ie, tumor).
		Age: In idiopathic autoimmune adrenal insufficiency, the diagnosis is most often discovered in the third to fifth decades of life; however, it is particularly important to recognize that adrenocortical insufficiency is not limited to any specific age group.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic16.htm (0 words)

	Diabetes Monitor - Addison's Disease: adrenal insufficiency
		The problem may be due to a disorder of the adrenal glands themselves (primary adrenal insufficiency) or to inadequate secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (secondary adrenal insufficiency).
		When adrenal insufficiency was first identified by Dr. Thomas Addison in 1849, TB was found at autopsy in 70 to 90 percent of cases.
		Another cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency is the surgical removal of benign, or noncancerous, ACTH-producing tumors of the pituitary gland (Cushing's disease).
	www.diabetesmonitor.com /b280.htm (2278 words)

	Adrenal Insufficiency
		Plasma ACTH levels are typically elevated in patients with primary adrenal failure and are normal or unmeasurable in patients with primary ACTH deficiency.
		Adrenal crisis may result from an acute exacerbation of chronic insufficiency, usually caused by sepsis or surgical stress.
		The cosyntropin test performs well in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency, but the lower sensitivity in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency necessitates use of tests involving stimulation of the hypothalamus if the pretest probability is sufficiently high.
	enotes.tripod.com /adrenainsuff.htm (1002 words)

	Adrenal insufficiency - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Adrenal insufficiency is a failure by the adrenal gland to output enough hormones.
		Adrenal insufficiency is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Adrenal insufficiency, or a subtype of Adrenal insufficiency, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /a/adrenal_insufficiency/intro.htm (786 words)

	Adrenal Insufficiency \| Adrenal Exhaustion
		The adrenals are two small triangular shaped glands that sit like hats on top of the kidneys.
		Each adrenal gland consists of 2 separate parts, an inner part called the adrenal medulla and an outer part called the adrenal cortex.
		This works well under stressful situations, however sometimes the adrenal glands produce high amounts of adrenalin when it is not required which may lead to anxiety, palpitations, bowel disturbance, and high blood pressure.
	www.weightcontroldoctor.com /healthtopics/a-z/adrenalinsufficiency.asp (1010 words)

	Adrenal Insufficiency: Underdiagnosed in the Critically Ill
		The overall incidence of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in critically ill patients is about 30% to 40% and may be as high as 60% in those with septic shock, although statistics vary with the severity of illness and the diagnostic criteria used.
		It is essential to recognize the signs of AI as “even slight impairment of the adrenal response to severe illness can increase morbidity and mortality.”[2] Because sepsis is one of the most common causes of AI, those patients are at high risk and should be closely monitored.
		Adrenal insufficiency in the critically ill: a new look at an old problem.
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /jan03/pr_jan03_adrenal.html (1140 words)

	Adrenal
		The adrenal cortex, the outer part of the gland, secretes steroid hormones, such as hydrocortisone, to help the body adapt to chronic stress.
		Experimental animals, whose adrenal glands have been surgically removed, live normal life spans as long as they are not stressed.
		Mild adrenal insufficiency is aggravated by, but also contributes to, a person's abuse of substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, recreational drugs, sugar, and artificial sweeteners.
	www.mbschachter.com /adrenal.htm (785 words)

	Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease - Patient UK
		Adrenal insufficiency describes a state in which the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate hormone levels in any given situation.
		The adrenal glands are themselves regulated by the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, and therefore adrenal insufficiency may be described as primary- where the adrenal glands themselves are the problem, secondary- where there is a pituitary cause and tertiary- when the hypothalamus is at fault.
		Secondary and tertiary adrenal insufficiency Secondary adrenal insufficiency is due to problems relating to the pituitary gland and tertiary due to problems with the hypothalamus.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40024894 (1628 words)

	Adrenal Insufficiency
		Adrenal problems often get worse when allergies are resolved.
		The result is wild fluctuations with the adrenals overproducing in the morning and underproducing the rest of the day.
		Use of this test to diagnose adrenal insufficiency is considered alternative and controversial.
	www.cfs-recovery.org /adrenal.htm (475 words)

	Burn-out - Adrenal Insufficiency - Alternative Health Remedies
		The adrenals or “stress glands” are small, triangular shaped glands located on the top of the kidneys.
		Technically speaking, adrenal insufficiency refers to the inability of the adrenal glands to produce the proper quantity of hormones needed to run the body.
		DHEA is a hormone precursor produced by the adrenal glands.
	www.soulhealer.com /adrenal.htm (901 words)

	What’s Best for Detecting Adrenal Insufficiency in the ICU?
		Adrenal insufficiency is likely in this setting if the ACTH stimulation produces a cortisol increase of less than 9 µg/dL.
		Corticosteroid administration should be considered, noted Dr. Annane, in critically ill patients with adrenal insufficiency whose response to the ACTH test is blunted.
		In a recent study, Dr. Marik assessed the ability of random cortisol measurements to detect adrenal insufficiency in 59 septic shock patients who were receiving 100 mg of hydrocortisone every eight hours.
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /may04/pr_may04_adrenal.html (984 words)

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