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Topic: Adrenoreceptors

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	APStracts 4:0402R, 1997. receptors and stress protein 70 expression in the hypoxic myocardium of rainbow trout and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We examined the in vivo effect of acute hypoxemia on myocardial cell -surface (sarcolemmal) adrenoreceptor density (Bmax) and binding affinity (KD), and on stress protein 70 (sp70) expression, by exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 2.1 to 2.7 kg) to hypoxic water (3 mg L-1 O2) at 15o C for 6 hours.
		The failure of short-term hypoxia to decrease trout myocardial adrenoreceptor density clearly contrasts with the established hypoxia-mediated downregulation shown for mammals.
		To further investigate the influence of low PO2 on salmonid myocardial adrenoreceptors, binding studies were performed on the spongy (continuously exposed to deoxygenated venous blood) and compact (perfused by oxygenated blood supplied by the coronary artery) myocardia of chinook salmon.
	www.sfu.ca /biology/faculty/farrell/pub-docs/p132.html (395 words)

	:: Sabinsa Corporation ::
		Ronsard2 popularized the term "cellulite" to describe the dimpling and "orange peel" external appearance of the thighs, the cause of which was attributed to the aging process by later researchers3.
		The adrenoreceptors play important roles in the regulation of lipolysis in fat cells4.
		Adrenoreceptors are neurons that are activated by adrenaline (epinephrine) or similar substances.
	www.sabinsa.com /2002_jan.htm (962 words)

	Fischer_et_al_2001.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This study focused on the contribution of different adrenoreceptor subtypes to the modulation of fictive swimming activity in a relatively simple, yet intact, lower vertebrate system, the immobilized Xenopus laevis tadpole and explored their possible role in mediating the noradrenergic modulation of spinal motor networks.
		In Xenopus embryos, near the time of hatching, activation of alpha (1) adrenoreceptors increased the duration of episodes of fictive swimming, whilst in larvae, 24 h after hatching, they were decreased.
		Cycle periods in both stages were increased by the activation of alpha (1) and/or alpha (2) receptor subclasses, whereas beta adrenoreceptors were not apparently involved in the modulation of cycle periods or the duration of swim episodes.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~xscr/Fischer_et_al_2001.html (248 words)

	Metoprolol Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Large-scale epidemiological trials of beta blockage in patients with recent myocardial infarction have demonstrated that these patients have shown a significant reduction in the rate of reinfarction, sudden mortality, incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, infarction size, and clinical evidence of heart failure.
		At higher doses, metoprolol also inhibits beta-2 adrenoreceptors, chiefly located in the bronchial and vascular musculature.
		Indications for use: Metoprolol injection and tablets are indicated in the treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction and reduce cardiovascular mortality.
	www.rphlink.com /metoprolol.html (394 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		MRI disease activity in primary progressive multiple sclerosis was reported on two occasions and on those occasions the expression of beta(2) adrenoreceptors was increased in excess of 1900 sites/cell; in the remaining 28 observations beta(2) adrenoreceptor expression was within the normal range (800 to 1900 sites/cell).
		In these patients expression of beta(2) adrenoreceptors was increased in excess of 2000 sites/cell in all measurements except in one subject who did not show MRI activity throughout the six months period of study.
		Increased expression of beta(2) adrenoreceptors was correlated with MRI disease activity in two patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /news/Jan2003/MedlineStudyofbAdrenoreceptorsinPeoplewithSPMSandPPMS.html (377 words)

	ARDB Reference Detail Information
		Changes in platelet alpha 2 adrenoreceptors and their relation to plasma catecholamine concentrations were studied in 11 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction.
		A radiolabelled alpha 2 adrenoreceptor antagonist, [3H]-yohimbine, was used to assay alpha 2 adrenoreceptors on platelet membranes, and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.
		The number of platelet alpha 2 adrenoreceptors, the dissociation constant, and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were studied 6.6 (3.3) (mean (SD)) hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction and one month later.
	ardb.bjmu.edu.cn /detail/ARRef_detail.asp?PubmedID=3011042 (241 words)

	APStracts 8:0263R, 2001. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Evidence for a-2 adrenoreceptor modulation of arterial chemoreflex in the caudal solitary nucleus of the rat.
		The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of endogenous activation of a-2 adrenoreceptors in the cNTS on arterial chemoreflex function.
		The results suggest that the endogenous activation of a-2 adrenoreceptors facilitates central processing of chemoreceptor afferent inputs in the cNTS of the rat.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/2001/regulatory/August/263r.html (221 words)

	Irreversible blockade of beta adrenoreceptors and their recovery in the rat heart and lung in vivo -- Baker and Pitha ...
		Irreversible blockade of beta adrenoreceptors and their recovery in the rat heart and lung in vivo -- Baker and Pitha 220 (2): 247 -- Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics
		adrenoreceptor content was decreased by 88 and 90%, respectively.
		adrenoreceptor both in vitro and for recovery studies in vivo.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/220/2/247 (336 words)

	Expression of {beta}2 adrenoreceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with primary and secondary ...
		Expression of {beta}2 adrenoreceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal six month study -- Zoukos et al.
		adrenoreceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal six month study
		adrenoreceptors was increased in excess of 2000 sites/cell in
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/74/2/197 (333 words)

	Evidence for alpha -2 adrenoreceptor modulation of arterial chemoreflexes in the caudal solitary nucleus of the rat -- ...
		-2 adrenoreceptor modulation of arterial chemoreflexes in the caudal solitary nucleus of the rat
		-2 adrenoreceptor blockade in the cNTS on arterial chemoreflex
		-2 adrenoreceptor blockade in the caudal region of the nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) on the arterial chemoreflex response in a spontaneously breathing, anesthetized rat.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/5/R1464 (5886 words)

	[No title]
		In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that it has a preferential effect on beta1 adrenoreceptors, chiefly located in cardiac muscle.
		This preferential effect is not absolute, however, and at higher doses, metoprolol tartrate also inhibits beta2 adrenoreceptors, chiefly located in the bronchial and vascular musculature.
		Clinical pharmacology studies have confirmed the beta-blocking activity of metoprolol in man, as shown by (1) reduction in heart rate and cardiac output at rest and upon exercise, (2) reduction of systolic blood pressure upon exercise, (3) inhibition of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia, and (4) reduction of reflex orthostatic tachycardia.
	www.best-meds.com /druginfo/lopressor_clinical.htm (1440 words)

	SLS2-17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The objectives of this experiment were to look at changes in contractile response to norepinephrine of the venae cavae, especially the alpha 1B adrenoreceptors, and to determine the mechanism by which the adrenoreceptors are altered.
		These data indicate that the reduction in contractile strength is due to a decrease in sensitivity of adrenoreceptors rather than a decrease in the number of adrenoreceptors.
		Ground control studies show a similar decrease in sensitivity through sustained activation of protein kinase C. This effect was not seen in the presence of an inhibitor of protein kinase C. This implies that desensitization of adrenoreceptors due to microgravity may be dependent on increased protein kinase C activity.
	lifesci.arc.nasa.gov /lis2/Exp_Pub_Appendix/SLS/SLS-2/SLS2_17.html (369 words)

	SA ANABOLIC REVIEW: Related Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Receptors for both adrenaline and noradrenalin are called adrenoreceptors.
		Adrenoreceptors are almost everywhere: in the blood, the organs, the muscles, and the fat cells.
		Now that you understand adrenoreceptors, I can explain their interaction with thyroid hormone.
	www.saanabolicreview.co.za /ugly.html (1847 words)

	Expression of beta2 adrenoreceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with primary and secondary ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Expression of beta2 adrenoreceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal six month study.
		Beta(2) adrenoreceptor expression was assessed monthly using a ligand binding assay with [(125)I]iodocyanopindolol.
		CONCLUSIONS: Increased expression of beta(2) adrenoreceptors was correlated with MRI disease activity in two patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
	www.accel-dev2.com /MultipleSclerosis/news/p030210x.htm (389 words)

	APStracts 4:0472A, 1997. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Adrenoreceptor influences on liquid movements by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea pigs.
		Activation was through _2 - adrenoreceptors, since responses were abolished by 10-4 M yohimbine (_2 - antagonist) (n=24), but resistant to 10-5 M prazosin (_1 -antagonist) (n=24).
		At high levels of epinephrine (10-5 M), where responses did not normally occur, large reductions in lung liquid production appeared if prazosin was also present (n=24), and significant increases if yohimbine were included (n=24).
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1997/jap/November/472A.html (239 words)

	Asthma Treatment using Salbutamol and Mahuang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		adrenoreceptor agonists relaxes the smooth muscle of the airways by activating the G protein-coupled receptors (c).
		Theophylline may relax the smooth muscle of the airways by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase in the cell, thus increasing the intracellular concentrations of the protein kinase A (PK-A)..
		When salbutamol is given to an asthmatic patient, the ratio of unchanged drug to metabolite in the urine after an oral dose is 1:2.
	users.med.auth.gr /~karanik/english/articles/attilio/mahuang.html (1664 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Big Cat - The Physiology Of Fat Loss!
		The functioning of adipose tissue is regulated by adrenoreceptors and also mediated by other receptors, such as the adenosine receptors.
		The stimulation of the beta adrenoreceptors and of the alpha1 adrenoreceptor, and all their downstream targets.
		The blockade (at least locally) of the alpha2 adrenoreceptor and the adenosine receptors and of course the reduction of PDE produced by the A1AR.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/losefatnow.htm (2986 words)

	[No title]
		Beta-1 adrenoreceptor activation has little effect upon vascular smooth muscle, because beta-1 receptors are found primarily within the heart.
		Stimulation of beta-1 adrenoreceptors results in an increase in heart rate and force of contraction.
		Tachyarrhythmias originating above the ventricles tend to respond to calcium-channel antagonists (which slow conduction at the SA and AV nodes) or to sympatholytic drugs; in contrast, ventricular tachyarrhythmias tend to respond to sodium-channel blockers (which slow conduction in ventricular muscle) and to cardioversion.
	home.uchicago.edu /~peterm/pharm/MedPharmWk.7Review.doc (2903 words)

	Expression of {beta}2 adrenoreceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with primary and secondary ...
		As adrenoreceptors are expressed on NK cells, monocytes,
		Adrenoreceptor expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in normal controls (NC), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PBMS); values (mean (SEM) are: NC, 1346 (183) sites/cell; SPMS, 2359 (579) sites/cell; PPMS, 1461 (296) sites/cell.
		adrenoreceptors was shown in SPMS compared with normal controls (p < 0.002; Wilcoxon rank-sum test).
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/74/2/197 (2647 words)

	Storozhuk V.M., Sanzharovsky A.V., Sachenko V.V., Busel B.I. Modulation of cortical unit activity at conditioning. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was shown that apart from direct excitatory effect on the cortical neurons during its application, glutamate (Glu) exerted some modulatory influence on unit activity in subsequent 20 min.
		Activation of p2 adrenoreceptors by metaproterenol was accompanied by facilitation of the background and evoked activity during application and 10- 20 min after.
		The joint application of Glu and metaproterenol improved facilitation of neuronal responses evoked by conditioned stimuli.
	www.df.ru:8002 /~jvnd/archive/V49N3/abstract8.html (275 words)

	Pulmonary vasodilator responses to catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation in the cat. Evidence that vascular ...
		Pulmonary vasodilator responses to catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation in the cat.
		Evidence that vascular beta-2 adrenoreceptors are innervated -- Hyman et al.
		beta-2 adrenoreceptors in the feline pulmonary vascular bed and that both
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/48/3/407 (246 words)

	Chapter 1: Clinical Trials of Pain Treatment: Introduction
		The middle panel shows that injured nerve fibers accumulate additional sodium channels and alpha adrenoreceptors.
		In the absence of peripheral stimulation, sodium currents that enter the cell via the new channels and stimulation of the new adrenoreceptors by circulating catecholamines can cause spontaneous nerve discharge and ongoing pain.
		The bottom panel shows that after nerve injury, spinal cord dorsal horn pain signalling neurons may begin to discharge spontaneously.
	painconsortium.nih.gov /symptomresearch/chapter_1/sec1/cmms1pg2.htm (294 words)

	gastric-MM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		gastric-MM Types of adrenoreceptors mediating responses of rabbit gastric muscularis mucosae.
		This study investigated adrenoreceptor-mediated responses of muscularis mucosae from the fundic and antral ends of the rabbit gastric corpus.
		Excitatory b 2- and inhibitory b 3- adrenoreceptors predominate in the antral region.
	www.usd.edu /~wpercy/rgmm2.html (173 words)

	Evidence that decreased function of lymphocyte beta adrenoreceptors reflects regulatory and adaptive processes in panic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Evidence that decreased function of lymphocyte beta adrenoreceptors reflects regulatory and adaptive processes in panic disorder with agoraphobia -- Maddock et al.
		Evidence that decreased function of lymphocyte beta adrenoreceptors reflects regulatory and adaptive processes in panic disorder with agoraphobia
		adrenoreceptor density and affinity, basal lymphocyte cAMP level, and
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/abstract/150/8/1219 (258 words)

	Article - Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging anti-aging antiaging Ginkgo biloba macu
		Francois Huguet and Thierry Tarrade of the Laboratory of Toxicology at the Henry Beaufour Institute of Medicine in Paris found that Alpha2 adrenoreceptors declined dramatically with aging.
		The French scientists reported that chronic GBE treatment of rats resulted in an increase in brain noradrenaline levels, and an increase in Alpha2 adrenoreceptors.
		The resultant increase in number and sensitivity of the adrenoreceptors resulted in increased negative feedback inhibition of noradrenaline release and decreased excess noradrenaline.
	www.vitaminresearchproducts.com /art/697.asp (2419 words)

	Colitis-Induced Alterations in Adrenergic Control of Circular Smooth Muscle in Vitro in Rats -- Zhao et al. 299 (2): ...
		In the present study, we examined the ability of the physiological ligand norepinephrine as well as adrenoreceptor agonists
		adrenoreceptor appears to be dominant in the adrenergic regulation of EFS-induced contractions.
		adrenoreceptor regulation of spontaneous colonic contractions, strips were incubated
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/299/2/768 (3842 words)

	adrenoreceptors - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "adrenoreceptors" is defined.
		adrenoreceptors : Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary, 27th Edition [ home, info ]
		adrenoreceptors : The On-line Medical Dictionary [ home, info ]
	public.onelook.com /?w=adrenoreceptors (83 words)

	Nutritional Supplements, Protein, Protien, Fat Loss, Muscle Builders, Pro Hormones from Discount Food
		He feels that these andreno-receptors are largely responsible for the lower body fat problem that many women and some men have.
		Yohimbine is thought to get the alpha-2 adrenoreceptors to release fat from the lower body fat cells (buttocks, thigh and hip area "cellulite").
		Thermogenic Activator Plus Thermogenic Activator Plus is one of the most effective fat burning stack on the market.
	www.discountfood.com /page95.htm (3541 words)

	PBL TRx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When you start to lose weight your body actually does everything it can to fight back.
		There are basically two ways to tell your body to keep burning fat: through the thyroid and through the adrenoreceptors.
		You use thyroid hormones for the former and ephedrine based products such as Thermogenic Activator Plus to hit the adrenoreceptors.
	www.1fast400.com /pf_p328_TRx_PBL.html (485 words)

	Carvedilol
		By virtue of its ability to block beta-adrenoreceptors, carvedilol inhibits the renin-angiotensin system, blocking the production of angiotensin II.
		Additionally, through its ability of blocking beta1, beta2, and alfa1 adrenoreceptors, carvedilol inhibits the sympathetic nervous system.
		It also suppresses the synthesis of endothelin in patients with CHF, a mechanism yet not fully understood.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /pharmaceuticals-bulk-drugs/carvedilol.html (531 words)

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