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Topic: Adrianople

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	ADRIANOPLE (VILAYET) - LoveToKnow Article on ADRIANOPLE (VILAYET) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		ADRIANOPLE, a vilayet of European Turkey, corresponding with part of the ancient Thrace, and bounded on the N. by Bulgaria (Eastern Rumelia), E. by the Black Sea and the vilayet of Constantinople, S. by the Sea of Marmora and the Aegean Sea and VV.
		Adrianople is on the railway from Belgrade and Sofia to Constantinople and Salonica.
		Adrianople has five suburbs, of which Kiretchhan6 and Yilderim are on the left bank of the Maritza, and Kirjik stands on a hill overlooking the city.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AD/ADRIANOPLE_VILAYET_.htm (1319 words)

	Edirne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The city of Adrianople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1362 and it served as Ottoman capital from 1365 until 1453.
		Adrianople historically has been the commercial headquarters of all Thrace, and of a large portion of the region between the Balkana and the Danube, now Bulgaria.
		Adrianople was the residence of the Turkish sultans from 1361, when it was captured by Murad I., until 1453, when Constantinople fell.
	www.theezine.net /e/edirne.html (281 words)

	The Battle of Adrianople
		The Battle of Adrianople on 9 August AD 378 was the beginning of the end for the Roman empire.
		The Battle of Adrianople marks the point in history where the military initiative passed to the barbarians and should never be truly be regained again by Rome.
		The battle of Adrianople is undisputedly a turning point in history, because of the scale of Rome's defeat.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/adrianople.html (1171 words)

	Edirne
		Adrianople is on the railway from Belgrade and Sofia to Istanbul and Salonica.
		Adrianople was originally known as Uskadama, Uskudama or Uskodama, but was renamed and enlarged by the Roman emperor Hadrian.
		Adrianople was the residence of the Turkish sultans from its capture by Murad I, until 1453, when Constantinople fell and Mehmed II moved the capital to that city.
	www.kiwipedia.com /adrianople.html (436 words)

	Battle of Adrianople - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The second Battle of Adrianople (August 9, 378) was fought between a Roman army led by the Emperor Valens and Germanic tribes (mainly Visigoths and Ostrogoths, assisted by some non-Germanic Alans) commanded by Fritigern.
		For the next two years preceding the battle of Adrianople there were a series of battles with no clear victories for either side.
		Despite the difficult ground, Valens reached Adrianople where a camp was constructed with a ditch and a rampart.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Battle_of_Adrianople_(378) (1214 words)

	The Battlle of Adrianople
		He arrived in the strongly fortified city of Adrianople in mid-July, 378 AD with an estimated force of 20-25,000 troops and was greeted with several pieces of good news.
		The Gothic victory at Adrianople was a terrible blow, both logistically and psychologically for both halves of the Empire, but the Romans recovered relatively quickly.
		In many ways the victory at Adrianople in 378 and the subsequent foedus treaty of 382 were significant turning points in the end of the Roman Empire.
	www.geocities.com /Paris/Salon/2385/adrianople.html (4723 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Adrianople
		Adrianople contains the ruins of the ancient palace of the Sultans, and has many beautiful mosques, the most remarkable being that of Selim II, of an altogether grandiose appearance and with a cupola three or four feet higher than that of St. Sophia.
		At Adrianople itself there are the parish of St. Anthony of Padua (Minors Conventual) and a school for girls conducted by the Sisters of Charity of Agram.
		From the standpoint of the Oriental Catholics, Adrianople is the residence of a Bulgarian vicar-apostolic for the Uniats of the vilayet (province) of Thrace and of the principality of Bulgaria.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01161a.htm (586 words)

	Battle of Adrianople: 378
		The battle of Adrianople was the beginning of the end for the Roman empire.
		After the battle of Adrianople, the barbarians knew that they could be victorious in Roman territory.
		The battle of Adrianople was the worst defeat the Romans had suffered since the German victory in AD 9 at Teutoburger Wald.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/Mediterranean/Adrianople.html (389 words)

	Cyril of Pythion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		To the dismay of his flock in Adrianople, but not to their surprise, Cyril was summoned to Constantinople in 1813 and installed as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople on 17 April, Lazaros Saturday of that year.
		Many years later the relics were removed to the Cathedral of Adrianople but the inhabitants of Pythion and Western Thrace continued to regard the Saint as their own particular patron.
		Adrianople (Turkish Edirne) is now in Turkish Eastern Thrace, the last Christians having been expelled in 1923.
	www.arimathea.co.uk /cyrilof.htm (858 words)

	Adrianople Ad 378: The Goths Crush Rome's Legions (Campaign, 84) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		His background material on the Late Roman Army serves as a useful introduction to the events of Adrianople and he then puts the battle in the context of the entry of the Goths into the Eastern Empire, their rebellion and the campaign in Thrace which led up to their confrontation with Valens.
		His attempts to pinpoint the site of the battle and the photos of the probable site add greatly to a detailed understanding of how the two forces were positioned and the role played by the terrain.
		In the case of Adrianople 378, the author relies heavily upon the second-hand account of Ammianus Marcellinus, a Roman officer who lived at the time of the battle.
	www.jemsfurniture.com /BookStore/isbn1841761478.html (1317 words)

	The Siege of Adrianople, 1912 - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		It was the smooth silk of an airship which caught the rays of the sun; this cigar-shaped craft rose slowly and steadily to a fair height, though I think it was tethered at one end.
		I do not know the names of the men who piloted that ship, but, whoever they were, they may boast of a courage which kept them at their post in the sky---amid that storm of shells.
		As all the world knows now, the city of Adrianople did not fall before the armistice arranged between the allies and Turkey; and its garrison, which had maintained such an heroic defense, deserved the fullest honors.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=73016 (3668 words)

	ADRIANOPLE - LoveToKnow Article on ADRIANOPLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Through the resultant scarcity of labor, much land fell out of cultivation.
		This was partially remedied after the Bulgarian annexation of Eastern Rumelia, in 1885, had driven the Moslems of that country to emigrate in like manner to Adrianople; but the advantage was counterbalanced by the establishment of hostile Bulgarian tariffs.
		The important silk industry, however, began to revive about 1890, and dairy farming is prosperous; but the condition of the vilayet is far less unsettled than that of Macedonia, owing partly to the preponderance of Moslems among the peasantry, and partly to the nearness of Constantinople, with its Western influences.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AD/ADRIANOPLE.htm (399 words)

	Baha'u'llah and the New Era--Constantinople and Adrianople (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The journey to Adrianople, although it lasted but a few days, was the most terrible they had yet undertaken.
		Snow fell heavily most of the time, and as they were destitute of proper clothing and food, their sufferings were extreme.
		For the first winter in Adrianople, Bahá'u'lláh and His family, numbering twelve persons, were accommodated in a small house of three rooms, comfortless and vermin infested.
	www.bcca.org /ref/books/bne/0307constantinopleandadrianople.html (209 words)

	Embassy to Constantinople: The Travels of Lady Mary Wortley Mantagu - In Turkey
		In Sofia, she had already penetrated the hot baths (the hammam), travelling incognito in a hired coach, and had marvelled at their furnishings and, more especially, at the fact that the 200 women present were all 'in the state of nature, that is, in plain English, stark naked, without any beauty or defect concealed'.
		Stanyan arrived in Adrianople in May 1718, the Wortleys left Constantinople for home in July, and in the autumn the Treaty of Passarowitz was signed, by which the Turks ceded to Austria a slab of territory in Hungary, Serbia and Wallachia.
		It was in Adrianople that she had first observed the practice of innoculating young children against smallpox, and in Constantinople shoe continued her investigations, eventually deciding to have her son Edward 'engrafted'.
	www.swan.ac.uk /visualanthropology/projects/004_Montagu/embassyToConstantinopleInTurkey.htm (1401 words)

	Greek Struggle for Macedonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Meanwhile, in April 1903, a group of anarchists with some assistance from the VMRO blew up the French ship "Guadalquivir" and the Ottoman Bank in the harbour of Thessaloniki.
		In August 1903, VMRO managed to organise an uprising (the Ilinden Uprising) in Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilayet.
		The insurrection proved, however, to be unsuccessful and was eventually suppressed by the Ottomans with the subsequent destruction of many villages and the devastation of large areas in Western Macedonia and around Kirk-Klisse near Adrianople.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Greek_Struggle_for_Macedonia (706 words)

	From Adrianople to Akka
		Though fatally wounded, with blood gushing forth in profusion, he succeeded in dispersing his attackers, retained his balance and dragged himself to the garden of his Beloved where, for the last time, he watered the flowers of the House before yielding his last heroic breath.
		Yayhá lived in Adrianople, unreasonably filled with fear because of the majesty and power with which the Tablets to the Kings had been revealed.
		In some places He explicitly mentions that the Prisoner of Adrianople says that the place of His incarceration is the Fortress of `Akká, well-known for its putrid air and foul water.
	bahai-library.com /?file=faizi_adrianople_akka.html (6859 words)

	Dennis's “Greatest Moments In History” / 378: The Battle of Adrianople (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		At Adrianople, however, the Goths showed that they could win the day against the mighty Roman legions, within their own territory.
		Ambrose bewailed the results of this battle as "the end of humanity," and indeed, Adrianople was the beginning of the end for Rome.
		Until then, the Roman legions had enjoyed a formidable reputation, one which was generally well-earned — after all, they had conquered most of the known world, and before Adrianople, had never suffered a defeat within their own borders at the hands of outsiders.
	www.psicop-zone.com /dennis/adrianople.html (1475 words)

	Late Roman Army - www.ezboard.com
		As for trying to work out the order of battle for Adrianople the Notitia can only be of limited use as it is likely that there were quite major changes during the reign of Theodosius and just after.
		For example I have read that it seems likely that until after Theodosius' return from the west after his first civil war after Gratian's murder there was only 1 eastern praesental army, but that the second was created after this war partly from units brought back from the west.
		Part of the troops in the units at Adrianople were left with the baggage.
	p200.ezboard.com /fromanarmytalkfrm1.showMessage?topicID=52.topic (3063 words)

	Conqueror of Hearts: Chapter 11: "From Adrianople to Akka"
		The people in Turkey, and especially those who were privileged to live near Bahá'u'lláh, such as the inhabitants of Adrianople, had the highest respect and reverence towards Him and in the course of time they came to know and love Him from the depths of their beings.
		The inhabitants of Adrianople were well acquainted with the friends and knew of the detached way they had lived amongst them.
		Not only did the people, dignitaries and authorities in Adrianople show their grief and sorrow, but the representatives of European countries were also moved and astounded.
	bahai-library.com /talks/adrianople.html (6624 words)

	Turkey3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Sovereign of the House of Osman, Kirishchi Ghiyas ud-din, Khan of Khans, Grand Sultan of Anatolia and Rumelia, and of the Cities of Adrianople and Philippolis.
		Sovereign of the House of Osman, 'Abu'l Hayrat, Sultan ul-Mujahidin, Khan of Khans, Grand Sultan of Anatolia and Rumelia, and of the Cities of Adrianople and Philippolis.
		(fifthly), at Adrianople, 1423, Taj un-nisa Khadija Halima Khanum, daughter of Amir Damad Taj ud-din Ibrahim II Bey, Amir of Candar.
	4dw.net /royalark/Turkey/turkey3.htm (1421 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Its basic demand was the autonomy of Macedonia and the region of Adrianople as a step to unification with the free Bulgarian Principality.
		For the Macedonian revolutionaries Bulgaria was a base for detachment organizing and arm supplies, as well as the residence of the Organization abroad representatives.
		The culmination of the liberation struggles for Macedonia and the region of Adrianople was the Ilinden-Preobrajenie uprising in 1903.
	www.hri.org /docs/inter/95-03-26.doc.txt (1497 words)

	The History of Baha'u'llah's Tablet of Ahmad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In Adrianople, He revealed the Tablets to the Kings, publicly announced Himself to be the Manifestation of God for this age, and endured the relentless schemes of His half-brother Mírzá Yahyá.
		The well-known Tablet of Ahmad was revealed in Adrianople in 1865, prior to Yahyá's attempt to poison Bahá'u'lláh.
		Ahmad may have lived to be 100 or more, although owing to the lack of birth records it's difficult to know for sure.
	www.planetbahai.org /resources/history/rehstahmada.html (551 words)

	Adrianople, Turkey -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		of Istanbul; grapes, wine, silk, cotton; leather products; named Adrianople for Roman Emperor Hadrian; battle of Adrianople (378), in which Visigoths defeated Roman Emperor Valens, marked beginning of Rome's decline; city fell to Turks 1361 and for nearly a century was their capital; awarded to Greece 1920; regained by Turkey 1923; pop.
		Situated on the main road from Ruse on the Danube River through Stara Zagora to Edirne (Adrianople) in Turkey, it was a strategically important pass and was the scene of fierce fighting during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78).
		of Istanbul; grapes, wine, silk, cotton; leather products; named Adrianople for Roman Emperor Hadrian; battle of Adrianople (378), in which Visigoths defeated Roman Emperor Valens, marked beginning of Rome's decline; city fell to Turks 1361 and for nearly a century was their capital; awarded to Greece 1920; regained by...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9309702?tocId=9309702&query=valens&ct=null (961 words)

	Lilies War XVII Scenarios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Siege of Adrianople— August, 378 — Rumors that the city of Adrianople contained the Imperial standard and a vast treasure spurred the victorious Goths to attempt to take the city— which was defended by a hodgepodge of local and imperial forces, including the remnants of Valens' army.
		A Sacking of Towns— August, 378 —Discouraged by their failure to take Adrianople, the Goths vented their frustration on the hapless inhabitants of the many unwalled towns and villas of the region.
		Decimated by the defeat at Adrianople, the Imperial army was in no position to expel the Goths or to even defend the countryside.
	calontir.sca.org /lilieswar/fighting/lbd.html (12438 words)

	Articles - Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The stated goal of the original Committee was to unite all elements dissatisfied with the Ottoman oppression in Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilayet, eventually obtaining political autonomy for the two regions.
		In 1903 they organised an Ilinden uprising against the Ottomans in Macedonia and the Adrianople vilayet, which was crushed with much loss of life, including the life of Delchev, who had actually opposed the rising as premature.
		The failure of the 1903 rising resulted in the dispersal of the autonomy seeking, left-wing faction of IMRO and its becoming largely an agent of Bulgarian expansionism.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization (1515 words)

	History of the Balkan War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The goal of the war was to release the remaining Bulgarians from Turkish slavery.
		The flights above Adrianople were not altogether safer because the stronghold had a great disposal of anti-balloon cannons that were used also as air-defense guns.
		On the ground are at least seven planes and in the air are two.
	www.geocities.com /bulgarian_aviation/history/history.htm (479 words)

	Balkan_War
		Owing to the shortage of horses in Bulgaria, much of the army's transport was drawn by oxen and driven by civilians; the vehicles
		Adrianople was defended by 53 battalions, 612 guns, 50 machine guns and
		With the taking of Adrianople, Bulgaria held all Macedonia east of Salonica, and all Thrace up to the Tchataldja lines.
	members.aol.com /bogdanovaslava/BalkanWar2.html (1521 words)

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