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	Advanced Camera for Surveys - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) is a third generation axial instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
		ACS was assembled and tested extensively before launch at Ball Aerospace and Technologies and the Goddard Space Flight Center and underwent a final flight-ready verification at the Kennedy Space Center before integration in the cargo bay of the Columbia orbiter.
		It was launched on March 1, 2002 as part of Servicing Mission 3B (STS-109) and installed in HST on March 7, replacing the Faint Object Camera (FOC).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Advanced_Camera_for_Surveys (767 words)

	ACS::The Advanced Camera for Surveys
		consists of three electronic cameras and a complement of filters and dispersers that detect light from the ultraviolet to the near infrared (1200 - 10,000 angstroms).
		ACS science and engineering team is concentrated at the Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute, but includes scientists from major universities in the United States and Europe.
		The ACS Principal Investigator and leader of the science team is Holland Ford, a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute.
	acs.pha.jhu.edu (132 words)

	Amazing Space- Q&A: Hubble Space Telescope, pg. 1 of 2
		Adding the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and restoring the use of the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) by adding a cryocooler achieved the objective of improving the science capabilities of the telescope.
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) is a third-generation instrument that was installed on the Hubble Space Telescope during Servicing Mission 3B.
		The cameras were originally cooled by solid nitrogen, which evaporated at a faster rate than expected, resulting in a reduced lifetime.
	amazing-space.stsci.edu /resources/qa/hst.php.p=Cap... (1153 words)

	ESA SCIENCE: Hubble
		As part of the on-going Hubble servicing mission a new instrument, the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) was installed on the ESA/NASA Hubble Space Telescope on the morning of 7 March 2002 (European time).
		It is a digital camera served by a modern light-sensitive detector, much more efficient in many ways from the ones previously installed.
		The wider and deeper images of the Advanced Camera for Surveys are indeed ideal to explore the infant Universe and detect the possible signs of the first building blocks of today's galaxies.
	sci2.esa.int /hubble/acs-interview.html (1132 words)

	USATODAY.com - Hubble grabs unprecedented views from space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The camera, called the Advanced Camera for Surveys, "is opening a wide new window onto the universe," said Holland Ford of Johns Hopkins University, leader of a team that developed the new camera.
		He said the new camera will look back in time and distance some 13 billion light years, giving astronomers a glimpse of the few hundred million year period when stars and galaxies were beginning to form after the Big Bang.
		An infrared camera which stopped working because it ran out of coolant in 1998 has been revived with a new "refrigerator" device that keeps the instrument at a minus 333 degrees F. Officials expect to release new images from that camera in June.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2002/04/30/hubble.htm (648 words)

	ESA Portal - Life in Space - Hubble's Advanced Camera unveils a panoramic new view of the Universe
		This picture of the galaxy UGC 10214 was taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), which was installed aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope in March during Servicing Mission 3B.
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), the newest camera on the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, has captured a spectacular pair of galaxies engaged in a celestial dance of cat and mouse or, in this case, mouse and mouse.
		It's actually a photograph of the centre of the Swan Nebula, or M17, a hotbed of newly born stars wrapped in colourful blankets of glowing gas and cradled in an enormous cold, dark hydrogen cloud.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/ESAKD7G18ZC_Life_3.html (408 words)

	The European Homepage For The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope - ACS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Its wide field of view is nearly twice that of Hubble's former workhorse camera, WFPC2, and with its superb image quality and high sensitivity, ACS has increased Hubble's potential for new discoveries by a factor of ten.
		The name, Advanced Camera for Surveys, comes from its particular ability to map large areas of the sky in great detail.
		This camera is designed to take extremely detailed pictures (high resolution) of the light from the centres of galaxies with massive fl holes, as well as of ordinary galaxies, star clusters and gaseous nebulae, where extraterrestrial planetary systems may be hidden.
	www.spacetelescope.org /about/general/instruments/acs.html (316 words)

	Pictures from the Hubble Space Telescope
		The Hubble Telescope's new camera, Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), gives the clearest pictures ever of forming galaxies.
		The Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys captured this
		Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys, is also called M17 and
	www.dothan.k12.al.us /encyclopedia/hubble (263 words)

	ACS::Instrument Overview
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) is a third-generation instrument to be installed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) during the Third Servicing Mission (SM 3B), currently scheduled for launch in February 2002.
		Solar-Blind Camera (SBC) that has a relatively high throughput and intended primarily for faint object and extended object imaging.
		The WFC and HRC filter complement comprises seventeen bandpass filters (thirteen of which are spectrally compatible with both HRC and WFC), five linear ramp filters, a grism, a near-UV prism and two sets of polarizers - one optimized for the visible and the other for the near-UV.
	acs.pha.jhu.edu /instrument/overview (481 words)

	Origins: News - 2002
		The new camera was installed on Hubble by astronauts during a shuttle mission last March, the fourth Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission.
		During five of the most challenging spacewalks ever attempted, the crew successfully upgraded the orbiting telescope with the new camera, a new power unit, new solar arrays and an experimental cooling unit for an infrared camera.
		Among the suite of four "suitable-for-framing" Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) science-demonstration pictures released today is a stunning view of a colliding galaxy, dubbed the "Tadpole," located 420 million light-years away.
	origins.jpl.nasa.gov /news/2002/043002-a.html (933 words)

	CNN.com - Hubble getting new view on universe - March 6, 2002
		Advanced Camera for Surveys is about phone-booth size
		The new camera, called the Advanced Camera for Surveys, or ACS, is expected to greatly improve Hubble's ability to create images of the cosmos.
		The new camera -- about the size of a telephone booth -- is to replace Hubble's Faint Object Camera, the last of Hubble's original instruments.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/03/06/shuttle (731 words)

	USATODAY.com - Hubble Space Telescope gets a new camera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Within minutes, the advanced camera was all the way in and latched down tight.
		Ford said the advanced camera may be able to image planets orbiting other nearby stars.
		The advanced camera also may help determine when galaxies began to form in the first billion years of the universe.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2002/03/07/shuttle.htm (516 words)

	[No title]
		Newman and Massimino plan to install the second solar array and the reaction wheel assembly during the second EVA and the Advanced Camera for Surveys during the fourth.
		The Faint Object Camera was the last of Hubble's instruments to use COSTAR, the set of corrective optics installed in 1993 that counteracted the spherical aberration of the telescope's primary mirror.
		Once the electrical work is complete, the astronauts will turn their attention to the scientific objectives of Servicing Mission 3B, installing the Advance Camera for Surveys during the fourth spacewalk and a high tech refrigerator during the fifth to revive a dormant infrared camera.
	cbsnews.cbs.com /network/news/space/STS-109_Archive.txt (19421 words)

	Grease monkeys in space
		The new camera is said to be 10 times as capable as its predecessor, no slouch itself.
		The camera replaced the Faint Object Camera, which was the only remaining instrument of the four that blasted into orbit on Hubble.
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys must be some Instamatic.
	whyfiles.org /151hubble (849 words)

	Hubble`s Advanced Camera unveils a panoramic new view of the Universe
		The ACS image of the Tadpole illustrates the dramatic gains over the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 that were expected from doubling the area and resolution, and five times improvement in sensitivity.
		Mounted aboard the world`s premier optical-ultraviolet telescope, the ACS is a camera of superlatives.
		Its camera delivers a panoramic crispness comparable to that of a wide-screen IMAX movie, a staggering 16 million picture elements (megapixels) per snapshot (typical consumer cameras are 2 to 4 megapixels).
	www.innovations-report.de /html/berichte/physik_astronomie/bericht-9674.html (650 words)

	Some Instamatic camera!
		NASA's gotten the message, and the Advanced Camera for Surveys that was just bolted onto the Hubble Space Telescope boasts a honking 4096 x 4096 detector.
		Each pixel on the Advanced Camera is half as large as those on the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, Hubble's previous workhorse instrument.
		The new camera, scheduled to start operating in a few weeks, can also see a wider portion of the spectrum, ranging from ultraviolet, through visible light, into the infra-red.
	whyfiles.org /151hubble/2.html (439 words)

	HubbleSite - ACS
		On the inside, the new instrument is actually a team of three different cameras: the wide field camera, the high-resolution camera, and the solar blind camera.
		Among other tasks, ACS maps the distribution of dark matter, detects the most distant objects in the universe, searches for massive planets, and studies the evolution of clusters of galaxies.
		The solar blind camera, which blocks visible light to enhance ultraviolet sensitivity, focuses on hot stars radiating in ultraviolet wavelengths.
	hubblesite.org /sci.d.tech/nuts_.and._bolts/instruments/acs (320 words)

	The Hubble Project - Technology
		ACS (Advanced Camera for Surveys): the newest camera (2002) with a wider field of view, and better llight sensitivity.
		ACS - Advanced Camera for Surveys - The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) is a third-generation imaging camera.
		This camera is optimized to perform surveys or broad imaging campaigns.
	hubble.nasa.gov /technology/instruments.php (718 words)

	Getting the GOODS on Galaxies: Science News Online, Sept. 6, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As part of a survey called GOODS, the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Chandra X-ray Observatory are searching the same part of the sky for some of the first galaxies.
		One swath, known as the Hubble Deep Field North, was originally examined by Hubble's wide-field and planetary camera in late 1995 and has recently has been scanned by an even more-sensitive instrument, Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys, installed 2 years ago.
		One explanation is that the X rays that Chandra recorded come from the most distant supermassive fl holes known in the universe, dating from a time when the cosmos might have been only about 600 million years old, or just 7 percent of its current age.
	www.sciencenews.org /20030906/bob10.asp (2062 words)

	Biggest Zoom Lense in space extends the reach of the Hubble Telescope
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, has used a natural "zoom lens" in space to boost its view of the distant universe.
		The Advanced Camera's IMAX movie-quality sharpness, combined with the behemoth lens, reveals remote galaxies previously beyond even Hubble's reach.
		The Advanced Camera picture reveals 10 times more arcs than would be seen by a ground-based telescope.
	www.brightsurf.com /news/jan_03/NASA_news_010803.html (628 words)

	Encyclopedia: Advanced Camera for Surveys
		Merritt Island and Kennedy Space Center The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the NASA space vehicle launch facility (spaceport) at Cape Canaveral on Merritt Island in Florida, United States.
		The Faint Object Camera (FOC) was a camera installed on the Hubble Space Telescope until 2002.
		The Sloan Digital Sky Survey or SDSS is a major redshift survey using a dedicated 2.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Advanced-Camera-for-Surveys (997 words)

	Advanced Camera for Surveys Set for February Shuttle Launch \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		The Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.-built Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) is ready for its anticipated February launch aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia.
		The addition of ACS to Hubble is expected to allow the great observatory to survey more areas of the sky with higher efficiency than the camera that took the original Hubble Deep Field observations.
		The wide field channel surveys the universe, the high-resolution channel captures the details and the solar blind channel sees in the shorter wavelengths of ultraviolet light.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=7319 (773 words)

	[SM3B] Servicing Mission 3B - Mission Critical
		Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS): This new camera is designed to take full advantage of Hubble's unique strengths as a space-based telescope.
		With more than twice the field of view and nearly five times the resolution of the camera it replaces, ACS has 10 times more "discovery efficiency" than Hubble's current workhorse, the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
		Less susceptible to damage and the extreme temperature variations of Hubble's orbit, these advanced arrays will provide enough extra power to run a new generation of science instruments.
	sm3b.gsfc.nasa.gov /mission-critical/objectives-part2.html (477 words)

	The Daily Camera: Science
		Researchers found the moon using a relatively new piece of equipment designed by scientists at Ball Aerospace in Boulder called the Advanced Camera for Surveys, which was installed on the telescope in 2002.
		In the last three years, however, scientists have become more adept at using the Advanced Camera for Surveys, Reitsema said, and its sensitivity came in handy once they knew what they were looking for.
		The Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys first observed the two new candidate moons May 15.
	www.dailycamera.com /bdc/science/article/0,1713,BDC_2432_4202349,00.html (463 words)

	First Observations of Clusters with the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		First Observations of Clusters with the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys is a new powerful camera that was fitted to the Hubble Space Telescope in March 2002.
		Fortunately most of the travel costs were financed by the Science Team, we thank the Lorentz Center for the additional financial support for this meeting.
	www.lc.leidenuniv.nl /lc/web/2003/20030526/report.html (361 words)

	The Daily Camera: Science
		The key Hubble instrument used in the discovery, the Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.-built Advanced Camera for Surveys, looked at three regions of the moon in the ultraviolet as well as the visible spectrum.
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys imaged three areas of the moon during a three-day span.
		Dennis Ebbets, a Ball Aerospace mission systems engineer and astronomer involved with Hubble for a quarter century, said the Advanced Camera for Surveys filters that enabled the mineral detection were indeed designed for the observation of distant galaxies.
	www.dailycamera.com /bdc/science/article/0,1713,BDC_2432_4171802,00.html (569 words)

	Aviationboom - Feature Story Hubble
		It's actually an image of the center of the Omega Nebula, a hotbed of newly born stars wrapped in colorful blankets of glowing gas and cradled in an enormous cold, dark hydrogen cloud.
		This stunning picture was taken by the newly installed Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope.
		The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), the newest camera on NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, has captured a spectacular pair of galaxies engaged in a celestial dance of cat and mouse or, in this case, mouse and mouse.
	www.aviationboom.com /features/feature_hubble.shtml (1599 words)

	Headlines@Hopkins: Johns Hopkins University News Releases
		Inside the ACS are three electronic cameras (the wide-field, high- resolution, and solar blind cameras), and a range of filters, polarizers, dispersers and other astronomical tools.
		In comparison to the Wide Field Camera II, another instrument already in use in Hubble, the ACS will provide two times the observational area, two times the resolution, and four times the sensitivity.
		If they probe to the same distances as previous surveys, researchers should be able to finish their work approximately ten times faster, reducing their observation time on the telescope from 20 days to just a few days.
	www.jhu.edu /news_info/news/home02/feb02/advance.html (739 words)

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