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	Adverse drug reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of different medications.
		The focused study of ADRs is the concern of the field known as pharmacovigilance.
		While ADR is probably the most precise term to describe the concept, it is not widely used in the community since it may be perceived as jargon and because of the negative-associations with the term "drug".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction (175 words)

	AER: Info for Health Profs - Adverse Drug Reactions
		Drug reaction mechanisms may either be non-specific or specific to the patient.
		Drug interactions - where the action of a drug alters the efficacy or toxicity of another drug e.g.
		Where there is suspicion of a drug allergy and a need to confirm the diagnosis in the setting of negative skin or in-vitro tests, then controlled challenge with the drug is a useful diagnostic tool.
	www.allergy.org.au /aer/infobulletins/hp_adverse_reactions.htm (516 words)

	Health and DNA: Adverse drug reactions
		ADRs are the fourth to sixth greatest killer in US with more than 100,000 deaths per year; and 2.2 million serious adverse reactions per year according to a 1998 Journal of the American Medical Association report.
		Many known drug drug interactions are based on a knowledge of the drug metabolizing systems that have a high level of genetic variation.
		Drug drug interactions are also an important contributor to adverse drug reactions which makes the aging population vulnerable because of the large number of drugs they are taking.
	www.healthanddna.com /adversedrugreactions.html (933 words)

	Adverse Drug Reactions: The National Pain Foundation: My Treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Researchers assert that adverse drug reactions are the sixth most common cause of death after heart disease, cancer, stroke, lung disease, and accidents.1 In our drug-consuming society, we often expect side effects, such as an upset stomach from aspirin, sleepiness from an antihistamine or nausea caused by a pain pill.
		In a review of adverse drug events in the February 1998 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers found that more than 106,000 people per year were reported to have died from adverse drug reactions in the United States alone.1 Approximately 16,500 were due to complications from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs).
		Adverse drug reactions will continue to occur and with increased frequency because people are aging, chronic illness is more frequent, and patients are taking an increasing number of drugs for multiple conditions.
	www.painconnection.org /MyTreatment/News_AdverseDrugReactions.asp (2440 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: RECOGNIZING DRUG ALLERGY
		Although only a fraction of all adverse drug reactions represent an immunologic response, it is important to identify patients who have had an allergic reaction to a particular medication or class of medications.
		The proximity of drug administration to the onset of the reaction should be ascertained, because agents that have been used continuously for long periods before the onset of an acute reaction are generally less likely to be implicated than are agents recently introduced or reintroduced.
		Proper diagnosis of adverse drug reactions, although often complicated and difficult, is important for the patient and the physician.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2005/05_05/weiss.htm (2605 words)

	Adverse Drug Reactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		If the patient develops an ADR when the prescribing, administering and monitoring are appropriately carried out, an adverse drug reaction report form should be completed.
		Drug reactions that occur in less than 1 in 1000 patients are difficult to detect.
		Most drug withdrawn from the market for serious side effects, are withdrawn within 1-2 years of FDA approval, as experience is gained in a larger population outside of the narrow confines of clinical trials.
	prodruginfo.com /Formulary/ADRoverview2.htm (476 words)

	Psychiatric Adverse Drug Reactions: Steroid Psychosis
		Adverse drug reactions are often misdiagnosed early in their course.
		It is estimated that three billion dollars a year are spent treating adverse drug reactions and that between 18 and 30% of patients who are hospitalized for other reasons will experience a significant adverse drug reaction during their hospital stay.
		Several studies have shown that no relationship exists between the response to the first course of steroid treatment and response to a second course of drug, that is, the presence or absence of a psychiatric disturbance during the initial course of steroid treatment, does not predict response to a subsequent course of treatment.
	www.drrichardhall.com /steroid.htm (2167 words)

	[No title]
		Adverse reactions to prescription drugs are occurring at alarming rates in U.S. hospitals and elsewhere.
		The JAMA study reported that, in 1994, adverse drug reactions were between the fourth and sixth leading cause of death in the United States.
		ADRs were directly responsible for the hospital admission 3.8 percent of the time, yet 57 percent of them were not recognized by the physician at the time of admission.
	www.sixwise.com /newsletters/06/04/12/adverse-drug-reactions.htm (1146 words)

	Immunity gene predicts severe adverse drug reaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The finding highlights the promise of pharmacogenomics for avoiding drugs' most serious side effects and might also lead to advances in the clinical trial of new drugs, said the researchers.
		Individuals with a particular version of the immunity gene who took the drug suffered the devastating reaction in all but 3 percent of the cases.
		Whether the gene variant will predict the drug reaction in people of other ethnic backgrounds remains to be tested, said Chen.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-04/dumc-igp040104.php (638 words)

	Adverse Drug Reactions [June 1998; 52-3]
		Fatal ADRs occurred in 0.19% of in-patients and 0.13% of admissions.
		This report suggested that fatal ADRs rank from the fourth to the sixth leading cause of death in the USA after heart disease, cancer, and stroke, and similar to pulmonary disease and accidents.
		Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band52/b52-3.html (441 words)

	Adverse Drug Reaction: Nurse Must Know Possible Side Effects, Monitor Patient Closely And Take Action, Court Rules
		A nurse is expected to know what to do about an adverse drug reaction, for example, whether there is another drug which is indicated to reverse the effects of an overdose.
		However, soon after the drug was given the patient became nauseous, vomited and began to sweat, all indications of an adverse reaction to the Tensilon.
		She should have notified the physician that the patient was having an adverse reaction, and called a code at once when the patient arrested.
	www.nursinglaw.com /sideeffects.htm (826 words)

	Roaccutane / Accutane: Adverse Reaction Reports
		Wysowski of the FDA in her publication in 2005 the most frequently reported adverse event for Accutane/Roaccutane was depression.
		An analysis of adverse reactions on the FDA database was conducted for the year ending 2001.
		The document entitled "Review of Adverse Events reported for Roaccutane for children and adolescents aged under 18 years of age" provides all serious and non serious events from both clinical trials and spontaneous suspected adverse reaction reporting where the patient age was stated to be
	www.accutaneaction.com /adr (1752 words)

	AAAAI - Patients & Consumers Center: Tips to Remember: Adverse reactions to medications and drug allergy
		About 5% to 10% of adverse reactions to commonly used drugs are allergic, which means that the patient's immune system overreacts to the drug.
		The reactions do tend to be worse in people who are dehydrated (dried out) when they are given the contrast in their veins.
		The tendency of the suspected drug(s) to induce an allergic reaction.
	www.aaaai.org /patients/publicedmat/tips/adversereactions.stm (1704 words)

	Welcome to NADRAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		By collating reports of suspected adverse drug reactions, a hypothesis can be generated and the drug further studied to quantify the true probability of its ADR.
		It will also decrease drug cost because the drug is chosen well taking into consideration the profile of the patient, the contribution of the disease to outcome and the influence of the other drugs to its safety and efficacy.
		The longer we use a particular drug, the greater likelihood of witnessing its adverse effects and uncovering its secondary indications and benefits.
	www.bfad.gov.ph /NADRAC/INDEX.htm (708 words)

	ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS — Dr.T.R.Ramanujam
		The assumption that women and men metabolise and respond to drugs similarly is no longer tenable and it is also clear sex specificity occurrences like pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptive etc., profoundly influence drug metabolism and therefore the response.
		Drugs with wide T.I because of greater magnitude does not necessitate dose adjustment and only with narrow TI dose adjustment is necessary.
		It is anticipated that gender difference in drug metabolism may become an important factor in deciding the dosage of drug with narrow therapeutic range probably involving an increase in incidence of ADR in man.
	www.medindia.net /Articles/AdverseDrug2.asp (1494 words)

	Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		An Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) can be reported by a nurse, physician, pharmacist, respiratory therapist, or any other clinician.
		An ADR also includes all reactions to new drugs (drugs on the market for 3 years or less).
		To derive maximum benefit from the ADR program, it is important that all clinicians assume responsibility in reporting adverse drug reactions.
	health.ucsd.edu /pharmacy/services/adversedrugrxn.htm (294 words)

	Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Information System (CADRIS)
		Adverse reaction reports are submitted by health professionals and laypersons on a voluntary basis, either directly to Health Canada or via market authorization holders.
		Reactions may occur within minutes or years after exposure to the product and may range from minor reactions like a skin rash to serious and life-threatening events such as blood disorders or liver damage.
		Adverse reaction reports are suspected associations which reflect the opinion or observation of the individual reporter.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /dhp-mps/medeff/advers-react-neg/fs-if/cadris-2_e.html (1239 words)

	CBC.ca - Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Database - Disclaimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		ADR reports do not imply a causal link between a reaction and a suspected drug.
		Only a small proportion of suspected adverse reactions are reported to the program, consequently this information must not be used to estimate the incidence of adverse reactions.
		A serious adverse drug reaction is defined as: A noxious and unintended response to a drug, which occurs at any dose and requires in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, causes congenital malformation, results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, is life-threatening or results in death.
	www.cbc.ca /news/adr/database (1225 words)

	WorstPills.org -
		In fact, adverse drug reactions are one of the leading causes of death in the United States.
		According to national projections based on a study involving adverse drug reactions developing in patients in the hospital, 770,000 additional patients a year—more than 2,000 patients a day—suffer an adverse event caused by drugs once they are admitted.
		Thus, adding the number of people with adverse drug reactions so serious that they require hospitalization to those in which the adverse reaction was “caused” by the hospitalization, more than 2.2 million people a year, or 6,000 patients a day, suffer these adverse reactions.
	www.worstpills.org /public/page.cfm?op_id=4 (2855 words)

	Drug Reaction (Adverse) Reporting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		All severe adverse drug reactions must be reported to the attending/consulting physician immediately upon discovery of the severe adverse reaction.
		Documentation of the severe adverse drug reaction must be properly recorded in the patient's medical record.
		Severe adverse drug reaction-a noxious or unintended response to a drug that (1) is potentially life threatening or contributes to the death of the patient, (2) is permanently disabling, (3) requires hospitalization, (4) requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage, (5) results in death or congenital anomaly.
	www.virginia.edu /studenthealth/manual/advdrug.html (230 words)

	Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reporting Program: Update and Recent Drug Safety Warnings: PTNews: Virtual Hospital
		During this one-year time frame, the nine most frequently reported agents associated with an adverse drug reaction were: warfarin, phenytoin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, morphine, amiodarone, IVIG, nafcillin, and tirofiban (see Figure 1 for a summary of all agents associated with ADRs).
		Drugs that affect the central nervous system and anti-infective agents were associated with nearly half the ADR reports.
		Whenever you become aware of an adverse drug reaction (whether in the inpatient or ambulatory care environments), please complete and forward a "Suspected Adverse Drug Reaction" card (Form 158a) to the Drug Information Center (C 108-B GH); these yellow cards may be found in patient care areas throughout the UIHC.
	www.healthcare.uiowa.edu /pharmacy/PTNews/2003/may.html (1353 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Guest Editorial: Report every adverse drug reaction!
		When a reaction is identified to a drug that has been on the market for years and has thousands of users, the news often makes the headlines, leading to confusion and fear.
		Serious but rare adverse reactions had been occurring all along in patients who were taking terfenadine along with erythromycin--but no one had made the connection.
		Fenfluramine is one of the two drugs (the "fen" portion) contained in phen-fen, the diet combo that is sweeping the country.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1997/04_97/ed_apr.htm (1285 words)

	Adverse Drug Reaction Information System - Pediatric Oncall
		This system has been established to determine unknown adverse effects of drugs so that effective action can be undertaken if the cause and effect can be established.
		This ADR monitoring program is voluntary and depends on your co-operation to accurately report adverse drug reactions.
		PEDIATRIC ONCALL does not endorse and is not responsible for the accuracy of reporting of suspected adverse drug reaction.
	www.pediatriconcall.com /fordoctor/adris/adris_list.asp (241 words)

	ADR Reporting
		At KUMC an adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined as a "serious or significant reaction, injury, toxicity, sensitivity reaction or bioequivalence problem associated with the therapeutic use of a prescription or non prescription drug.
		Easily recognized and frequent drug reactions generally are discovered during premarketing trials, but unexpected reactions may only occur after the drug is used in a large and varied population.
		Reporting adverse drug reactions (ADR) is mandated by JCAHO for hospital accreditation.
	www2.kumc.edu /druginfo/drugsafety/drgsafe3-02.html (489 words)

	Drug Allergies -- Topic Overview
		Although drug allergies may go away with time, once you have an allergic reaction to a drug, you will usually always be allergic to that drug or to others that are like it.
		A drug allergy is a type of harmful, or adverse, drug reaction (such as a side effect or a reaction from taking more than one type of medicine).
		If your doctor cannot tell whether you have a drug allergy from doing this, he or she may do skin tests or have you take small doses of a suspected medicine to see whether a reaction occurs.
	www.webmd.com /hw/allergies/te7065.asp?printing=true (654 words)

	ADVERSE DRUG REACTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		An adverse reaction may result from effects of drug, of the illness, and their interaction with each other.
		Causality between the clinical event and the drug may not always be present, although with a reaction (ADR), causality is more definite.
		For adverse reactions during drug therapy, the key points to remember are that they:
	www.doh.gov.ph /bfad2/main_adr.htm (54 words)

	Guide to Adverse Drug Reaction
		The Centre for Adverse Reaction Monitoring (INFO-VIG) in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo is the National Repository for Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reports.
		Please follow these steps for recording details of an adverse reaction on the reporting form.
		The brand and generic name/s of the medicine/s suspected of causing the reaction and dose is necessary.
	www.medinet.lk /colleges/slcgp/drug-reaction.htm (454 words)

	Adverse Drug Reaction Testing for Strattera
		Although the FDA has approved the drug, an FDA warning was issued in December of 2004 about the "potential for severe liver injury".
		Your physician can utilize this information to select medications that are least likely to result in an adverse drug reaction.
		Currently, adverse drug reactions are one of the leading causes of death in our country and one of the major reasons for hospitalization.
	www.healthanddna.com /strattera.htm (464 words)

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