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Topic: Adverse effect (medicine)

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	The Corpus Callosum
		What is shows is that participation in psychotherapy can alter the rate of reported adverse effects from medication, and decrease the rate at which patients stop their medication because of adverse effects.
		Mixed-effects models were used to assess longitudinal differences among the treatment groups with respect to side effect burden and dropout rates during the acute, maintenance, and follow-up phases of treatment.
		Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant, a member of a family known to have adverse effects that are subjectively worse than those from the SSRIs.
	scienceblogs.com /corpuscallosum/2007/02/adverse_effects_and_psychother.php (1216 words)

	Adverse effect (medicine) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Common adverse effects may be fever, malaise and local reactions in the vaccination site, such as eczema vaccinatum, a severe, sometimes fatal complication which may result in persons who have eczema or atopic dermatitis, and, as such, those persons should not be vaccinated, even if the condition is currently not active.
		Adverse effects, like intended effects of drugs, are a function of dosage or drug levels at the target organs, so they may be avoided or decreased by means of careful and precise pharmacodynamics (the change of drug levels in the organism in function of time after administration).
		Adverse effects may also be caused by drug interaction, i.e., when physicians fail to check for all medicaments a patient is taking and prescribe new ones which interact agonistically or antagonistically (potentiate or decrease the intended therapeutic effect).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adverse_effect_(medicine) (1459 words)

	Adverse reaction - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Adverse effects may cause medical complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis.
		The harmful outcome is usually indicated by some result such as morbidity, mortality, alteration in body weight, levels of enzymes, loss of function or as a pathological change detected at the microscopic, macroscopic or physiological level.
		The prognosis of Adverse reaction may include the duration of Adverse reaction, chances of complications of Adverse reaction, probable outcomes, prospects for recovery, recovery period for Adverse reaction, survival rates, death rates, and other outcome possibilities in the overall prognosis of Adverse reaction.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /a/adverse_reaction/intro.htm (459 words)

	Preventable Deaths Overstated in Institute of Medicine Report on Medical Errors
		Adverse events are defined in the IOM study as injuries caused by medical management.
		He is distinguished professor of medicine at Indiana University and holds the Regenstrief chair at the IU School of Medicine.
		Dr. Hui is a senior research scientist at the Regenstrief Institute, professor of medicine at the IU School of Medicine and senior biostatistician at the IU Center for Aging Research.
	medicine.indiana.edu /news_releases/archive_00/cmcdonald_00.html (530 words)

	Entrez PubMed
		OBJECTIVE: The Weber effect is a phenomenon which states that the number of reported adverse reactions for a drug increases until the middle to end of the second year of marketing.
		The purpose of this study was to examine the number of adverse event reports associated with specific selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use.
		A new observation in adverse event reporting is introduced and suggests that a peak in adverse event reporting occurs 1-2 years after a medication receives approval for a new indication.
	www.antidepressantsfacts.com /antidep-adverse-events-weber-effect.htm (243 words)

	30,000 Medicine Adverse Effect Cases Reported in 2003
		In 2003, China's medicine supervision authorities received 30,000 reports of adverse effects from using medicine, more than the sum of cases reported in the previous years since 1949.
		In 2002, provincial level adverse effect monitoring centers were set up in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country.
		To decrease the possibility of adverse effects from medicine use, the government has decided to tighten control and monitoring of the use of antibiotics nationwide.
	www.china.org.cn /english/China/94874.htm (245 words)

	Adverse drug reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of medications.
		ADR is a particular type of adverse effect.
		The term is preferred over the colloquial and imprecise "side effect", as the term "side effect" implies the potential for beneficial consequences and that the effects are not explained by the pharmacological actions of the drug.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction (524 words)

	peptic Ulcers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The effects on enzymes in the liver, endocrine organs, and blood are minimal and return to normal.
		In addition to the adverse effects described under ranitidine, cimetidine binds to the oxidizing enzymes (mixed-function oxidizes) in the liver and increases the effects of a large number of drugs.
		Due to its selective action, adverse effects such as dryness of the mouth, blurred vision, and headaches are less common than with the cholinergic receptorblocking drugs.
	www.indiangyan.com /books/healthbooks/complet_femily_medicine_book/peptic_Ulcers.shtml (2760 words)

	eMedicine - Essential Tremor : Article by Deborah Burke, MD
		Adverse effects related to stimulation were mild and resolved with adjustment of stimulation parameters.
		Adverse effects are more prominent early in treatment with primidone but more prominent later in treatment with propranolol.
		Adverse effects, including depression and male impotence, should be monitored in patients on propranolol.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic129.htm (5432 words)

	Statin Adverse Effects
		Although muscle pain is a well-recognized side effect of these drugs (and one that should be reported, so tests can be done), other pain effects have been reported by many people on statins, but have not been studied extensively include headaches, joint pains, and abdominal pain.
		If you think the effect may be caused by the drug, ask your doctor about doing a test in which you stop the drug, or reduce the dose; see if the effect improves.
		If your doctor is very skeptical that the effect could result from the drug, and you are willing, you can do an "n-of-1" trial in which, on the doctor's order the pharmacy gives you placebo or drug, for at least two months, and neither you nor your doctor are told which.
	medicine.ucsd.edu /SES/adverse_effects.htm (1493 words)

	eMedicine - Iritis and Uveitis : Article by Kilbourn Gordon III, MD
		In uveitis, however, an increase in the protein content of the aqueous causes an effect upon examination known as flare, which is similar to that produced by a moving projector beam in a dark smoky room.
		Effects last as long as 1 d; however, duration may be less in setting of severe anterior chamber reaction.
		Effects last 10-48 h for cycloplegia and 6 h to 4 d for mydriasis, but duration may be less in setting of severe anterior chamber reaction.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic284.htm (1819 words)

	ED Visits Abound for Adverse Drug Effects in Older Patients - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Adverse drug events were a slightly more common cause of ED visits than automobile accidents in this age group (177,504 for adverse drug events annually versus about 175,000 for auto accidents).
		The investigators defined an adverse drug event as an incident ED visit for a condition that the treating physician explicitly attributed to the use of a drug or a drug-specific effect.
		Adverse drug events accounted for 2.5% of ED visits due to unintentional injury and 6.7% of unintentional injury hospitalizations.
	www.medpagetoday.com /EmergencyMedicine/EmergencyMedicine/tb/4311 (1030 words)

	Adverse Drug Events
		Buajordet et al., as result of their review of fatal adverse events, suggest, "A systematic strategy is needed to avoid unnecessary adverse drug events." The study showed a high incidence of the adverse events was associated with age, high comorbidity and polypharmacy and partly to inappropriate drug prescribing or use.
		Medicine and dose selection for the elderly are complicated by the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function and concomitant diseases found in this age group.
		Consumers need to be aware of potential adverse effects of medications and report them not only to their primary physician but also to the appropriate authorities.
	www.therubins.com /geninfo/adversedrug.htm (2365 words)

	Adverse Drug Reactions: The National Pain Foundation: My Treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Researchers assert that adverse drug reactions are the sixth most common cause of death after heart disease, cancer, stroke, lung disease, and accidents.1 In our drug-consuming society, we often expect side effects, such as an upset stomach from aspirin, sleepiness from an antihistamine or nausea caused by a pain pill.
		Adverse drug reactions will continue to occur and with increased frequency because people are aging, chronic illness is more frequent, and patients are taking an increasing number of drugs for multiple conditions.
		Ask your doctor about the medicines he or she prescribes—what side effects can you expect, will they go away, confirm how often you should be taking the medication (e.g., daily, as needed) and the dose.
	www.nationalpainfoundation.org /MyTreatment/News_AdverseDrugReactions.asp (2440 words)

	Herbal Medicine
		Long practiced outside of conventional medicine, herbalism is becoming more mainstream as up-to-date analysis and research show their value in the treatment and prevention of disease.
		Unfortunately, a recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine indicated that nearly 70% of individuals taking herbal medicines (the majority of which were well educated and had a higher-than-average income) were reluctant to reveal their use of complementary and alternative medicine to their doctors.
		Because herbal medicines contain a combination of chemicals, each with a specific action, many are capable of eliciting complex physiological responses—some of which may create unwanted or unexpected results when combined with conventional drugs.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsModalities/HerbalMedicinecm.html (2208 words)

	South Arkansas Medical Associates (SAMA)
		Because the possible adverse effects are different from one OTC drug to another, you must read the label of any OTC product carefully to know what to expect.
		Side effects are effects that drugs have on your body that don’t help your symptoms.
		One type of adverse effect can happen when 2 or more drugs are taken at the same time.
	www.samahealthcare.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/site.content/type/aafpsc/action/852.xml (1471 words)

	Placebo - Psychology Wiki - a Wikia wiki
		Originally, a placebo was a substance that a well-meaning doctor would give to a patient, telling him that it was a powerful drug (e.g., a painkiller), when in fact it was nothing more than a sugar pill.
		To offset this heightened effect, it is necessary to use a psychoactive placebo, i.e., a drug that produces enough physical effects to balance the belief in the control and experimental groups that they have received the active drug.
		Bioethicists have raised diverse concerns on the use of placebos in modern medicine and research.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Placebo (781 words)

	AAAAI - Patients & Consumers Center: Tips to Remember: Adverse reactions to medications and drug allergy
		Medicines are given to help people, but all medications can have side effects.
		About 5% to 10% of adverse reactions to commonly used drugs are allergic, which means that the patient's immune system overreacts to the drug.
		It is very important to tell your doctor about any adverse reactions when you are taking a medication and to make certain that the doctor knows of any prior reaction to a drug being prescribed for you.
	www.aaaai.org /patients/publicedmat/tips/adversereactions.stm (1704 words)

	FDA/CVM 1998 Adverse Drug Experience Reports; A Descriptive Overview
		The primary purpose for maintaining the FDA/CVM database is for providing an early warning or signaling system for adverse effects not detected during premarket testing of FDA-approved animal drugs and for monitoring the performance of drugs not approved for use in animals.
		The FDA/CVM ADE reporting system depends upon the detection of an adverse clinical event by veterinarians and animal owners, the attribution of the clinical event to the use of a particular drug ("suspect" drug), and the reporting of the ADE to the manufacturer of the suspected drug or directly to FDA.
		The adverse event may have been related primarily to an underlying disease for which the drug was given, to other concomitant drugs, or may have occurred by chance at the same time the suspect drug was administered.
	www.fda.gov /cvm/1768.htm (926 words)

	Causality Assessment of Suspected Adverse Medicine Reactions
		Clinical judgement is involved in deciding whether or not a medicine is responsible for a particular adverse reaction.
		Alternatively the timing of the adverse event may be misleading, for example cholestatic jaundice caused by flucloxacillin may manifest days to weeks after completion of therapy.
		However, adverse events associated with the primary pharmacological effect of the medicine or those caused by its other effects are dose related and typically appear or worsen with a dose increase and abate with dosage reduction.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /Profs/adverse/causality.htm (568 words)

	Medicine Side Effects -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It may or may not be expected, and it may be adverse or beneficial.
		It is a term often used in the following fields: # In medicine, with regard to drugs or medical procedures; see adverse effect (medicine); # In laws and regulations, to describe its unintended effects; # In computing; see side-effect (computer science).
		Side Effects is an anthology of 17 comical short stories written by Woody Allen between 1975 and 1980, all but one of which were previously published in, variously, ''The New Republic'', ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'', and ''The Kenyon Review''.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/96/medicine-side-effects.html (471 words)

	Allergy, Hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal and skin irritation are known side effects of fluoride ingestion
		The effect of fluoride was biphasic: it caused a rapid (t1/2 less than 1 s) decrease in the initial velocity of the reaction followed by slow (t 1/2 greater than or equal to 4 s) inactivation of the enzyme during catalysis.
		Another adverse effect of fluoride, described by Lee (28), involved an elevation of the serum bilirubin level in six patients with Gilbert's disease.
		Minor effects were caused by exposure to 1 mmol/liter F. Both 5 and 10 [190 ppm] mmol/liter F caused marked increases in the fluxes of water and Na, K, and H ions; mucus secretion; and tissue swelling and redness.
	www.fluoridation.com /adverse.htm (6620 words)

	Keck : Department of Pediatrics : Neonatology : Research : Clinical Cardiovascular ResearchProgram
		There are three state-of-the-art research tools of cardiovascular function being used at the USC Division of Neonatal Medicine: echocardiography (three, Philips 5500 ultrasound machines), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (one NIRO-300 and one niroscope for animal research) and magnetic resonance imaging (in collaboration with the Department of Radiology at the Childrens Hospital Los Angeles).
		Effect of ECMO on cerebral blood flow autoregulation in critically ill neonates.
		Adverse effect of assisted ventilation on cardiac function of neonates.
	www.usc.edu /schools/medicine/departments/pediatrics/divisions/neonatal/research/cardiovascular.html (561 words)

	Expertwitness.com - (drug interactions side effects) - DRUG INTERACTIONS & SIDE EFFECTS SPECIALISTS, EXPERTS, WITNESSES ...
		While ADR is probably the most precise term to describe the concept, it is not widely used in the community since it may be perceived as jargon and because of the negative-associations with the term "drug".
		An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of medications.
		Available to be drug interactions side effects expert witnesses and provide drug interactions side effects forensic consulting in drug interactions side effects litigation, in addition prepare drug interactions side effects expert witness reports for use in deposition and/or in-court trial testimony.
	www.expertwitness.com /clst/2911/experts/witnesses/drug/interactions/side/effects.htm (557 words)

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