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	Ancient Greek Skepticism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		We know practically nothing about Aenesidemus except that he lived sometime in the 1st Century B.C.E., and that he dedicated one of his written works to a Lucius Tubero, a friend of Cicero's who was also a member of the Academy.
		Aenesidemus was a member of Plato's Academy, apparently during the period of Philo's leadership.
		Aenesidemus, as we have seen, countenances relativistic assertions of the form, X is no more F than not F. This is to say that although X is not really, in its nature, F, it is still genuinely F in some particular circumstance.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/s/skepanci.htm (11197 words)

	aenesidemus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aenesidemus, Greek philosopher, was born at Cnossus in Crete and taught at Alexandria, probably during the first century BC.
		He was the leader of what is sometimes known as the third scepticismal school and revived to a great extent the doctrine of Pyrrho and Timon.
		The main tendency of this destructive scepticism is essentially the same from its first crystallization by Aenesidemus down to the most advanced sceptics of today.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Aenesidemus.html (585 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.11.16
		Aenesidemus emerges as a relativist, and traces of his relativism may be discerned in Sextus as well as in the account of Diogenes Laertius.
		According to Bett, Aenesidemus took up Pyrrho's observation that appearances conflict, naturally enough, but also his invariability condition, according to which a thing is by nature F if it invariably is F, as well as the supplementary assumption that allows the slide from 'appears' to 'is'.
		Aenesidemus' assertions to the effect that there is no cause etc. can be explained much like Sextus' analogous claims, namely as counter-balancing the claim that something is a cause.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-11-16.html (3638 words)

	AGRIPPA - LoveToKnow Article on AGRIPPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He must have lived later than Aenesidemus, who is generally said to have been a contemporary of Cicero.
		A comparison of these tropes with the ten tropes enumerated in the article AENESIDEMUS shows that scepticism has made an advance into the more abtruse questions of metaphysics.
		Aenesidemus was content to attack the validity of sense-given knowledge; Agrippa goes further and impugns the possibility of all truth whatever.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AG/AGRIPPA.htm (1062 words)

	Scepticism - Lecture 5a
		However Aenesidemus also criticises the slightly older position of dogmatically affirming that all is incognitive, and he maintains that doctrinaire claims of any kind are inappropriate for people who maintain that there is no criterion of truth or refuse to pick out a particular criterion.
		The Lucius Tubero specified as the dedicatee of Aenesidemus’ Pyrrhonist Discourses is described as a Roman citizen and politician.
		Aenesidemus seems to be clearly writing about the Academic under the leadership of Philo, yet Cicero’s Academica, which was written in 45 BC and discusses in some detail the Academic approach to epistemological issues, doesn’t mention Aenesidemus at all.
	www.webspawner.com /users/alanbailey/scepticism5.html (1450 words)

	Aenesidemus [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		By the time of Aenesidemus, however, the Academy had splintered into several competing factions and considerably softened or even abandoned its skepticism, as a result of its dialectical interchange with the Stoics.
		Aenesidemus complained that the situation had deteriorated to the point where the Academics were no more than "Stoics in conflict with Stoics," and he broke with the Academy and founded his own school, taking Pyrrho as its namesake.
		All are based on some form of relativity--e.g., the same object can give rise to different perceptions, depending on the bodily condition of the percipient--conjoined with the claim that there is no criterion by which to adjudicate which of the perceptions, customs, etc., are correct.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/a/aeneside.htm (413 words)

	History of Philosophy 15
		The Sceptics agreed with the Stoics and Epicureans in referring philosophy primarily to conduct and the pursuit of happiness, but, instead of laying down theoretical principles as the Stoics and Epicureans had done, they taught that the first step to happiness is to forego all theoretical inquiry and to disclaim all certainty of knowledge.
		AEnesidemus subjected the notion of cause to special analysis, and pronounced it to be self-contradictory.
		Agrippa, who lived about a century after AEnesidemus, reduced the tropes to five, and argued that knowledge is impossible because, the major premise of the syllogism being itself a conclusion, syllogistic reasoning is a regressus in infinitum.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/hop15.htm (943 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 33 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		AENESIDEMUS (Alv^i^os), a celebrated sceptic, born at Cnossus, in Crete, according to Diogenes Laertius (ix.
		He was a pupil of Heracleides and received from him the chair of philosophy, which had been handed down for above three hundred years from Pyrrhon, the founder of the sect.
		For a full account of the sceptical system see pyrrhon, As Aenesidemus differed on many points from the ordinary sceptic, it will be convenient before proceeding to his particular opinions, to give a short account of the system itself.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0042.html (1029 words)

	Ancient Skepticism
		The next important ancient skeptic was Aenesidemus, who defected from Philo's Academy and revived Pyrrhonism in the early years of the first century B.C. “The Academics,” he said, “especially the ones now, sometimes agree with Stoic opinions and, to tell the truth, appear to be just Stoics in conflict with Stoics” (Photius, Bibl.
		Aenesidemus' most important arguments are the ten modes (or “tropes”) which Sextus attributes to “the older skeptics” at PH 1.35-163.
		Aenesidemus too in the first book of his Pyrrhonian Arguments says that Pyrrho determines nothing dogmatically because of the existence of contradictory arguments, but rather follows appearances.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/skepticism-ancient (9234 words)

	polito (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In spite of his well-established strict Scepticism, there does seem to be a 'dogmatic' streak in his thought, in that he defined Scepticism as a 'path' towards the philosophy of Heraclitus, a Presocratic philosopher who made several claims on how things are.
		The precise meaning of Aenesidemus' thesis is controversial, but it seems to imply at least a certain fondness for Heraclitus, something which one would not expect to find in a leading Sceptic thinker.
		Establishing exactly what Aenesidemus meant by defining Scepticism as a 'path' towards the philosophy of Heraclitus is crucial and preliminary to any further discussion.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/98mtg/abstracts/polito.html (238 words)

	Matthew Colvin, Cornell University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One of Hermann Diels' proposals in his magnum opus, the 1879 Doxographi Graeci, was that the Sceptical philosopher Aenesidemus was a collector of placita.
		I suggest that the Stoics were reacting to a Sceptical tradition of the river-fragment, a tradition that had won the day, but had perverted Heraclitus' words.
		Sextus is then citing Aenesidemus as an interpreter of Heraclitus -- and a very unorthodox one, for the Stoics held, along with Aristotle, that Heraclitus' element was fire.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Classics/events/Fragments/colvin.html (356 words)

	AENESIDEMUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		AENESIDEMUS, Greek philosopher, was born at Cnossus in Crete and taught at Alexandria, probably during the first century B.C. He was the leader of what is sometimes known as the third sceptical school and revived to a great extent the doctrine of Pyrrho and Timon.
		The main tendency of this destructive scepticism is essentially the same from its first crystallization by Aenesidemus down to the most advanced sceptics of to-day (ree SCEPTICISM).
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	simplestartpage.com /2301_AENESIDEMUS.HTML (482 words)

	The Sceptical Road (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The revival of Scepticism in the first century B.C. is due to Aenesidemus of Cnossus.
		Nonetheless, very little is known of him, and much of it seems to suggest that his thought tended more towards Dogmatism, and Heraclitean philosophy in particular.
		The present book provides a close examination of ancient evidence as well as of critical literature, and arrives at the conclusion that Aenesidemus merely intended to offer a Sceptical interpretation of Heraclitus, and that the ideas which are incorporated in it voice distinctive features of his Scepticism.
	www.brill.nl /product.asp?ID=21152 (156 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.02.30
		Sextus is different from Aenesidemus (as far as we can tell), and that difference can be explained by positing other influences on Sextus.
		For example, the relativism that protrudes at times in Sextus' account of the modes of Aenesidemus can be explained as stemming from Aenesidemus, while Sextus' attempt at ruling out relativism could be seen as the result of other influences.
		In his version of the ten modes of Aenesidemus, Sextus is clearly having trouble with some sort of relativism, but equally clearly he is trying to deal with the problem, substituting relativism (probably Aenesideman) with undecidability arguments.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-02-30.html (2116 words)

	Aenesidemus -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In his Pyrrhonian Discourses Aenesidemus formulated 10 tropes in defense of Skepticism, four suggesting arguments that arise from the nature…
		"Aenesidemus." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
		In his Pyrrhonian Discourses Aenesidemus formulated 10 tropes in defense of Skepticism, four suggesting arguments that arise from the nature of the perceiver, two dealing with...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9003857 (282 words)

	HighBeam Research: Library Search: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In his early Review of Aenesidemus, Fichte first concedes that Kant's things-in-themselves are...
		Finally Aenesidemus carried skepticism to Alexandria in Egypt, where it was adopted...
		and the relativity thesis, in her essay The Ten Tropes of Aenesidemus, in The skeptical Tradition.
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=SS&search_newspapers=on&search_magazines=on&q=Aenesidemus&refid=ency_botnm (431 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought
		In this chapter, Hankinson discusses the sceptical attacks on dogmatic accounts of cause and explanation, beginning with the Eight Modes of Aenesidemus, before moving on to discuss Sextus Empiricus' general attack on the very coherence of the notions of causation.
		The sceptical attacks on astrology and divination are also important in that they undermine the claims of pseudo-science; such arguments, Hankinson adds, contribute to the understanding of the standards towards which genuine science must strive.
		Keywords: Aenesidemus, Aetiology, agent and patient, astrology, divination, Dogmatists, pseudo‐science, Pyrrhonism, Sextus Empiricus, the Modes of Agrippa
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/philosophy/0199246564/acprof-0199246564-chapter-9.html (230 words)

	AENESIDEMUS - Online Information article about AENESIDEMUS
		The main tendency of this destructive scepticism is essentially the same from its first See also:
		crystallization by Aenesidemus down to the most advanced sceptics of to-See also:
		Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ADA_AIZ/AENESIDEMUS.html (686 words)

	Aenesidemus
		Search for aenesidemus at eBay - At eBay you can find practically anything, even aenesidemus.
		Aenesidemus - Biography of the 1st century philosopher who defended the ten tropes of skepticism.
		The Ten Modes of Skeptical Argument - Summary of the ten modes of argument which Aenesidemus countenanced, as they have come down to us through Sextus Empiricus and others.
	www.supercrawler.com /Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/A/Aenesidemus (170 words)

	Dictionary of the History of Ideas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aenesidemus of Crete, probably of the first century
		Aenesidemus is best known for the ten tropes (see
		DL IX.106), and it is implied by the fragment of
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv4-32 (3700 words)

	Vanderbilt Capital Advisors
		Should we as investors assume that Enron was an aberration and that all is well elsewhere, or do we believe it is only the tip of the iceberg and every corporation’s numbers have been cooked?
		In fact, we should look to Aenesidemus for guidance and suspend judgement in seeking knowledge.
		We must answer for ourselves the questions of whether the numbers make sense, or whether the business model makes sense.
	www.vcallc.com /mailings/2002/pangloss.htm (702 words)

	Find in a Library: The sceptical road : Aenesidemus' appropriation of Heraclitus
		The sceptical road : Aenesidemus' appropriation of Heraclitus
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	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/feb2f86cc64233afa19afeb4da09e526.html (69 words)

	Aenesidemus - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
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	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=AENESIDEMUS&enc=625 (199 words)

	AENESIDEMUS - Encyclopedia Britannica - AENESIDEMUS - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		AENESIDEMUS, Greek philosopher, was born at Cnossus in Crete and taught at Alexandria, probably during the first century B.C. He was the leader of what is sometimes known as the third sceptical school and revived to a
		The main tendency of this destructive scepticism is essentially the same from its first crystallization by Aenesidemus down to the most advanced sceptics of to-day (see SCEPTICISM).
		Please visit them as often as you can.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/ADA_AIZ/AENESIDEMUS.html (596 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Aenesidemus @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Aenesidemus @ HighBeam Research
		BC Thought to be a native of Knossos, Crete, he taught in Alexandria.
		Our archive contains millions of documents from thousands of sources and goes back over 23 years.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:Aeneside&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (113 words)

	Scepticism - Reading List (First Part)
		2 Aenesidemus’ ten tropes; Agrippa’s five tropes and the regressive nature of justification
		Week 2: Aenesidemus’ ten tropes; Agrippa’s five tropes and the regressive nature of justification
		Basic reading: Gisela Striker, ‘The Ten Tropes of Aenesidemus’; taken from M. Burnyeat (ed.), The Skeptical Tradition, 1983.
	www.webspawner.com /users/alanbailey/rs.html (960 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2004043503 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Table of contents for The sceptical road : Aenesidemus' appropriation of Heraclitus / by Roberto Polito.
		Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.
		DA 9) Chapter Five: Sextus on Heraclitus (M. V.1 The Criterion of Truth V.2 Sextus and Aenesidemus V.3 Interpreting Heraclitus.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/fy045/2004043503.html (171 words)

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