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Topic: Aerial firefighting

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	Aerial Helicopter Firefighting at Erickson Air-Crane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Unlike many fixed wing tanker firefighters, the tank doors of the S-64 are controlled by a microprocessor that actually adjusts for airspeed and opens the tank doors to allow for a flow rate that matches the particular coverage level selected by the pilot.
		Firefighting aircraft as well as personnel and equipment were mobilized from across the United States to assist in controlling the fast moving wildfire that threatened to engulf over one third of the state.
		The firefighting aircraft were released and ground firefighting crews were brought in to extinguish the blaze.
	www.ericksonaircrane.com /servicedetail.asp?ServiceName=Firefighting (2345 words)

	Aerial firefighting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aerial firefighting is a method to combat wildfires using aircraft.
		The largest aerial firefighters currently in use include two converted Martin Mars flying boats in British Columbia, carrying 7,200 U.S. gallons of water or fire retardant each.
		Aerial firefighting is almost always used in conjunction with ground-based efforts, as aircraft are only one weapon in the firefighting arsenal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_bomber (1069 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Aerial firefighting is usually conducted to assist firefighters on the ground in achieving fire suppression objectives.
		The most effective use of aerial firefighting is during the initial attack of small wildfires, and to accomplish specific tactical suppression objectives on large wildfires, such as reinforcing fireline and dropping on slop-overs and spot fires outside the fireline.
		As the aerial firefighting situation becomes more complex on a larger wildfire and numerous aircraft become involved, or urban interface protection becomes necessary, airborne wildland fire management agency personnel coordinate and direct the aerial firefighting operation to ensure both safety and firefighting effectiveness.
	www.afia.com /tutor.html (999 words)

	Report says agencies need to improve firefighting safety (12/10/02) Government Executive
		Agencies responsible for battling forest fires from the sky must work together to ensure the equipment they use is safe and firefighters are properly trained, according to a new report.
		This job is the responsibility of the agencies overseeing the aerial firefighting program, he said.
		The aircraft involved in fatal crashes during the 2002 firefighting season were both converted ex-military planes operated by Hawkins and Powers Aviation, a contractor based in Greybull, Wyo. In June, the wings separated from a C-130A battling a California blaze, killing three.
	www.govexec.com /story_page.cfm?articleid=24492&ref=rellink (559 words)

	Firefighting Helmet -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Firefighting is important in urban areas, where firefighters are on constant standby, in wildland areas, and on board ships.
		Firefighting is further broken down into skills which include size-up, extinguishment, ventilation, and salvage and overhaul.
		World War II era bombers were once the mainstay of the aerial firefighting fleet but these are being phased-out in favor of newer ex-military and purpose-built firefighters.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/54/firefighting-helmet.html (1061 words)

	AFIA - A Backgrounder
		Within the ranks of the Aerial Firefighting Industry Association (AFIA), an organization comprised of 14 commercial airtanker companies and seven sustaining member companies involved in all areas of aerial firefighting, there is a unique fleet of carefully maintained airtankers and skilled pilots.
		Surplus military aircraft have been critical to the development of aerial firefighting and are the backbone of the commercial airtanker fleet within AFIA today.
		The timely modernization of the commercial aerial firefighting is strongly dependent upon a spirit of private and public collaboration in which agreements can be forged on realistic time schedules and cost reimbursements.
	www.users.interport.net /a/f/afia/backgrnd.html (956 words)

	Wildfire Control- Equipment- Aircraft
		Aerial Suppression is used for 'first attack' in cases where the fire is inaccessible or has potential to spread significantly before ground crews have time to travel to or contain the fire.
		Aerial Suppression involves aircraft using water, retardant or foam to control the fire or construct control lines ahead of the fire.
		Ground firefighting resources working in conjunction with Air-crane or any fire bombing aircraft are to observe and maintain awareness of the standard drop zone safety procedures and be aware that the Air-crane has the option of providing multiple high volume drops in one load.
	www.dse.vic.gov.au /dse/nrenfoe.nsf/FID/-742C35E7DDA8BA044A2568E800228A24?OpenDocument (2765 words)

	Aerial Firefighting - Photographs
		Over the past three decades Victoria has developed a formidable aerial fire fighting capability, in response to the need to service a vast area of often inaccessible and rugged country.
		Utilising a network of fixed bases and mobile support equipment, fixed wing aircraft and helicopters are available for aerial delivery of fire retardant slurries, foam and water.
		When allied to DSE's remote sensing capabilities, the aerial delivery systems ensure that early action is directed at critical areas rapidly and effectively.
	www.nre.vic.gov.au /DSE/nrenfoe.nsf/FID/-8965B6439CD6A11D4A25679700809C66?OpenDocument (174 words)

	Aerial firefighting firm struggles to stay aloft \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		Aerial firefighting is inherently risky, involving the use of low-flying air tankers that must endure high-stress maneuvers in the turbulent air over forest fires.
		Some say the loss of five aerial firefighters in June and July of 2002 was a wakeup call for the government and industry.
		The PB4Y-2, whose left wing snapped in Colorado, killing two, was among the oldest aircraft in the firefighting arsenal, dating to the mid-1940s, according to a fire official and accident report by the National Transportation Safety Board.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/108252 (1046 words)

	Aerial Firefighting in Western Australia and South Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		While firefighting is a state and territory responsibility, due to the extremely serious bushfires and the ongoing fire risk situation the nation is experiencing the Commonwealth is prepared to provide this assistance on a one-off basis.
		The specific funding to be allocated to the Western Australian and South Australian initiatives does recognise the fact that the helitankers have been required to operate almost non-stop in the eastern states due the exceptionally dangerous bushfires that have occurred and continue to burn in those states.
		Notwithstanding where the helitankers are operating at present, under the national aerial firefighting arrangements, the helitankers will be available to be deployed on a national basis as needed.
	www.pm.gov.au /News/media_releases/media_Release119.html (259 words)

	US Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Aerial Firefighting Industry Association (AFIA) is a nonprofit trade association organized for the purpose of advancing the effectiveness and long-term stability of the commercial aerial firefighting industry through high maintenance standards and aircraft availability, and proactive safety and training programs.
		Many of the training shortfalls mentioned in the report have been the subject of discussion in the biennial aerial firefighting workshops held in the past, which have proven to be a valuable exchange of information between pilots and the agencies.
		The study estimated the benefit-cost ratio of a fleet of 41 turbine-powered airtankers (20 P-3A, 10 C-130B, and 11 C-130E aircraft) with 3000-5000 gallon retardant capacity to be 6.38:1.
	energy.senate.gov /hearings/testimony.cfm?id=662&wit_id=1776 (1651 words)

	Inside Bay Area - Alameda Times-Star - Local News
		SACRAMENTO — From the father of aerial firefighting to pilots who recently flew through tornadoes of fiery debris in Southern California, aviators are saying the U.S. firefighting fleet is undergoing fundamental, long-term changes that may cost extra lives and homes — especially in this populous state.
		There are myriad dangers in aerial firefighting, other than mechanical failures and fire conditions.
		Since 1992, when the crash of the state's chief firefighting pilot drew the attention of a news agency, CDF has invested $70 million in upgrades and hired a contractor to fly and maintain the aircraft on par with airline standards, according to pilots.
	www.insidebayarea.com /timesstar/localnews/ci_2723330 (969 words)

	Canberra plans ahead-17/05/2005-Flight International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		By the end of May, the National Aerial Firefighting Centre (NAFC) will award contracts to suppliers and operators of firefighting aircraft to cover the next two years and extendable to five as part of a recently introduced national strategy to meet the country's need for firefighting aircraft.
		Although states can procure additional firefighting resources as and when needed, the national strategy is designed to more effectively manage aerial firefighting resources and also to share assets when necessary.
		The award of new contracts by the NAFC comes, however, as the effectiveness of aerial firefighting is being questioned in some quarters – primarily due to the expense of leasing aircraft.
	www.flightinternational.com /FALANDING_197985.htm (701 words)

	Untitled
		The transfer program was promoted as a way to upgrade the nation's aerial firefighting fleet by providing contractors access to bigger, faster, more powerful aircraft to fight fires.
		The family's company was ranked among the nation's elite aerial firefighting units and transformed surplus military planes it bought, ranging from World War II single-engine torpedo bombers to multiengine aerial refeuling tankers, into firefighting aircraft.
		A government inquiry into the July 1994 Colorado fire that killed 12 firefighters determined that "Air support was inadequate for implementing strategies and tactics on July 6." "In 1994 more than 24 firefighters lost their lives, 12 of them because the Forest Service was negligent in using their aviation resources," Eitel said.
	www.csun.edu /coms/ben/news/cia/980405.eitel.html (2355 words)

	Statement of Larry Hamilton, National Director, Office of Fire and Aviation, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land ...
		The decision to deploy aircraft on a fire depends on many factors, including safety considerations for firefighters, the likely effectiveness of suppression from the air, the stage of fire suppression, the condition and terrain of the land, and fire behavior.
		The severity of the 2002 fire season was magnified by several fatal aerial firefighting accidents, including the crash of one C-130 aircraft, one PB4Y-2, and an Aerospatiale SA 315B Lama helicopter.
		These four areas were addressed as they relate to the various types of firefighting aircraft, including the operation and supervision of airtankers, leadplanes and air supervision modules, helicopters, and air attack platforms.
	www.blm.gov /nhp/news/legislative/pages/2003/te030326.htm (1612 words)

	Aerial Firefighting
		Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, Grumman PBY Supercats and Privateers, F7F Tigercats, and Fairchild C-119 Boxcars were some of the early recruits in the aerial firefighting ranks.
		Modified helicopters, including the Sikorsky Black Hawk, are widely used in aerial firefighting to extract firefighters and victims from dangerous fire zones, and also to precisely apply water and fire-retardant chemicals to smaller fires in “mop-up” operations.
		The plane's basic configuration emerged from a December 1963 meeting on forest fire protection held in Ottawa, Canada, and the decision to produce the plane was made in early 1966.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/GENERAL_AVIATION/firefighting/GA17.htm (1113 words)

	Heli Harvest Ltd :: Aerial Firefighting with Bambi Bucket (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We are providing aerial firefighting services to aid in the quelling of what have been hailed as the worst wildfires in recent Australian history.
		We have two x 5,000 litre 'Bambi Bucket'; firefighting systems which have been hailed as 'the ultimate aerial firefighting solution that puts more water on the fire than any other system'.
		On 9, 10 and 11 March 2006, we provided aerial firefighting on a forest fire in a commercial block 1km east of Canvastown.
	www.heliharvest.co.nz /heliharvest/Firefighting (384 words)

	John Watt letter to the Blue Ribbon Panel on Wildland Aerial Firefighting
		Major fires initially burn at a rate, or in a location, that firefighters are unable to react with sufficient resources to control the fire in the first burning period.
		Aerial firefighting utilizes water and additives to assist the ground firefighter by cooling burning material, absorbing thermal energy in changing water from a liquid to a gas, and in the case of retardant, a chemical reaction between the salts and the combustion process which disrupts the process and reduces thermal output.
		Their responsibility is air traffic control over the fire, setting and supervising the aerial tactics based on the objectives set by the IC and as an aerial observer providing fire behavior information to the ground.
	www.wildlandfire.com /docs/2003_n_before/jwatttobrp.htm (2639 words)

	Boston.com / Latest News / Washington
		WASHINGTON — The safety record of the Forest Service's aerial firefighting program, which suffered three fatal crashes this summer, is unacceptable and changes should be made, a panel studying the program said in a report to be released Friday.
		The panel said the FAA reviews maintenance records of the firefighting aircraft, but "rarely, if ever, physically inspect an aircraft to ensure that it is safe to fly an intended mission." That leaves Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management or private contract personnel to decide if an aircraft is safe to fly.
		The panel said safety standards for the contract pilots and crew flying firefighting missions are lower than for those flying other government missions, and the government does not impose special standards upon private contractors to reflect the severe conditions in which the aircraft are flown.
	www.boston.com /news/daily/06/firefight_06.htm (564 words)

	AFIA FACT SHEET
		The AFIA was incorporated in 1988 to advance the common interests and welfare of companies engaged in forest and wildland firefighting using airtankers.
		The AFIA is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective communications between airtanker operators and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Interior, and state government firefighting agencies to ensure the firefighting industry is prepared to meet current and future aerial firefighting needs.
		Many of the airtankers used for aerial firefighting are World War II vintage aircraft converted to airtankers.
	www.users.interport.net /a/f/afia/afiafact.html (303 words)

	Budget Media Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We were willing to make the extra funding available because the state and ACT governments have now established joint funding arrangements and protocols for managing and sharing their aerial firefighting equipment.
		Senator Campbell said the Government's three-year commitment meant that the National Aerial Firefighting Centre, established by the states and the ACT, would be able to negotiate more favourable leasing terms with equipment suppliers.
		The centre will be required to report to the Government on the deployment of aircraft, the effectiveness and suitability of in meeting normal and crisis demand and their value for money.
	www.dotrs.gov.au /dept/budget/0405/trs16_budget.aspx (302 words)

	Welcome to the National Aerial Firefighting Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The National Aerial Firefighting Centre (NAFC) was incorporated in July 2003 by all Australian States and Territories to provide more effective support for the combating of wildfires.
		NAFC facilitates the establishment of a fleet of firefighting aircraft that is readily available for use by State and Territory emergency agencies across the width and breadth of Australia.
		This national aircraft fleet complements aerial firefighting resources that are arranged directly by the States and Territories.
	www.nafc.org.au (158 words)

	03-31-2003 WILDFIRE NEWS
		In Whatcom County, according to an AP story in the Eugene Register-Guard, the focus was aerial photographs of key infrastructure such as the U.S.-Canadian border, BP Cherry Point Refinery, and the Alcoa Intalco Works aluminum plant and high-voltage power lines leading to it.
		Firefighters from Fairbanks and Nenana were activated yesterday and tested at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Student Recreation Center to ensure they're physically ready for the job.
		Despite their status as contractors, aerial firefighters take on an unusual level of risk, according to an MSNBC feature by Jon Bonné.
	www.wildfirenews.com /archive/033103.shtml (12505 words)

	Pioneers of Aerial Firefighting 50th Anniversary - November 27, 2004 - USS Hornet Museum
		Alameda, CA.- The public is invited to meet and speak with the men and women involved with aerial firefighting activities in California.
		Dropping barrels or balloons of water was deemed to be more hazardous to the firefighters on the ground than to the fire itself.
		In July 1953, 15 firefighters died during a flare-up of the Rattlesnake Fire because of a sudden change of wind in the thick, dry chaparral.
	www.uss-hornet.org /posters/aerial_firefighters (1853 words)

	Ravalli Republic Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The move has ignited a storm of controversy amid western senators and congressmen, the companies who own the large air tankers, and caused concern about how the firefighting agencies will compensate for the loss.
		The air tankers were national resources and it was often sketchy whether or not one would be available for initial attack on the forest, said Bull.
		So the reconfiguration could actually be a benefit firefighting on the forest.
	www.ravallinews.com /articles/2004/06/03/news/news01.txt (508 words)

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