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	Tech-Writer.net > Photography > Aerial Reconnaissance and Imagery Analysis > Photo Interpretation & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Reconnaissance came to be an important ingredient for success on the battlefield, but it was not the 19th century that reconnaissance went beyond what a man could see from the next hill.
		Aerial photographic intelligence and reconnaissance operations were influencing the course of the war, and became a critical function.
		While aerial photography was not a new idea it was during this violent period that the aerial camera came of age, along with the airplane.
	www.tech-writer.net /historicaloverviewaerial.html (3081 words)

	Reconnaissance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Espionage is not normally considered to be covered by the term reconnaissance, as reconnaissance involves uniformed military forces operating ahead of the main force, as opposed to non-combatant individuals within the enemy lines.
		Reconnaissance in force (RIF) is a type of military operation used specifically to probe an enemy's disposition.
		Reconnaissance by fire (or speculative fire, 'spec fire') is a tactic which applies a similar principle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reconnaissance (810 words)

	Air Power:Aerial Reconnaissance in World War I
		So aerial reconnaissance was a strategy that was familiar to them, and it was natural that they would use aircraft for this purpose as planes became able to perform that function.
		Reconnaissance was not the most exciting duty for a pilot in the war.
		The names of the reconnaissance pilots are not as well remembered as the names of the aces, but it was due to their activities that aviation became a part of modern war.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Air_Power/WWI-reconnaissance/AP2.htm (1158 words)

	Air Reconnaissance in Korea
		It had been a long, difficult, uphill battle by the proponents of aerial reconnaissance but it appeared there were finally victorious by the end of World War II; that never again would the united States be caught without skilled manpower and modern equipment necessary to fulfill the aerial reconnaissance mission efficiently.
		The severe "economy" programs between 1945 and 1950 took their toll of the established aerial reconnaissance systems and prevented the required research and development programs necessary if aircraft, cameras, and technicians were to keep up with the fast-moving jet age.
		Reconnaissance Technical Squadron, which had been designated to help process film, was set up in a school compound in Taegu City and often several hours elapsed before film arrived from the airfield at K-2.
	www.cottonpickers.org /new_page_15.htm (1096 words)

	Reconnaissance on the Wing
		The first-ever long-range aerial reconnaissance missions oc- curred in 1914 at the beginning of World War I. In late August three separate crews of Britain's Royal Flying Corps were tasked to establish the position and direction of the German armies then rampaging through France.
		Reconnaissance in the US Army during the interwar years remained locked in the embrace of the artillery, which demanded the sort of close-range artillery-correction support provided during World War I. The basic organizational setup remained the same until 1943, when requirements of both tactical and strategic reconnaissance had been writ large on every front.
		SAC's recce fleet grew from 12 F-9s and 24 F-13s in 1947 to 120 RB-36s and 180 RB-47s by 1954.
	www.afa.org /magazine/Oct1999/1099recon.asp (3836 words)

	HyperWar: Landing Operations Doctrine (FTP-167) [Chapter 6]
		Aerial photographs will be useful in checking information regarding the best channels of approach to beaches, location and character of defensive works, presence of obstacles, configuration of the ground at the beaches, and possibly, by comparison with photographs of known surf conditions, the amount of surf to be encountered.
		Intensive and continuous reconnaissance of hostile defenses and shore establishments should be initiated prior to, or simultaneously with, the debarkation, or as soon thereafter as visibility permits.
		Tactical reconnaissance of the enemy positions should be continuous throughout the various phases of the actual landing, paying particular attention to enemy troop movements and the location of his reserves.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USN/ref/Amphibious/Amphibious-6.html (5114 words)

	HURRICANE RECONNAISSANCE
		HURRICANE RECONNAISSANCE Aerial weather reconnaissance is vitally important to the forecasters of the National Hurricane Center.
		Reconnaissance aircraft penetrate to the core of the storm and provide detailed measurements of its wind field, as well as an accurate location of the center: information that is usually not available from any other source.
		The job of coordinating the reconnaissance effort rests with a small group of Air Force civilians assigned to the Hurricane Center.This unit, under the Chief, Aerial Reconnaissance Coordination, All Hurricanes (known by the acronym CARCAH) is responsible for determining requirements and arranging for supporting flights.
	www.bluecrab.org /environment/hurecon.htm (1420 words)

	Aerial Reconnaissance, Central Sierra Nevada Mountains
		Aerial Reconnaissance of Potential Landslide Activity in the Central Sierra Nevada Mountains
		Here is a brief summary of the aerial reconnaissance of potential landslide activity in the central Sierra Nevada, flown by three USGS geologists, Mark Reid, Steve Ellen (emeritus) and Ray Wilson, on Wednesday, January 8, 1997.
		Based on our aerial reconnaissance of landslides in Washington and Oregon from a similar storm in February 1996, we (Reid and Wilson) expected a concentration of debris-flow activity in elevations between the pre-storm and post-storm snow levels.
	landslides.usgs.gov /recent/archives/1997sierra.php (949 words)

	Aerial Survey : Archaeology & Buildings : Research & Conservation : English Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The job of the Aerial Survey team is to provide a greater understanding of England's historic environment through aerial reconnaissance, combined with interpretation, mapping and analysis of information contained on aerial photographs and related sources.
		Aerial Survey is the broad term used to describe the various activities related to the discovery of archaeological sites from the air.
		Their expertise covers aerial reconnaissance (surveying and photography in the air), interpretation of and mapping from aerial photographs, quality control, monitoring projects and setting standards, analysis, synthesis and publication of results.
	www.english-heritage.org.uk /aerialsurvey (804 words)

	Chapter III: Combat Intelligence
		As an adjunct to visual reconnaissance, and related to aerial photography, we initiated the hand-held camera program in an attempt to partially alleviate the timeliness problem since a mission could be flown, the film processed, the imagery interpreted, and the results delivered to the requester in a matter of hours instead of days.
		The magnitude of aerial reconnaissance operations required that a system be employed to insure that data concerning missions flown and results obtained were maintained and readily available for retrieval.
		This meant that the request for aerial reconnaissance would be in the format and coded so that all data were placed on the card which would be used for subsequent data reduction.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/Vietnam/mi/ch03.htm (10457 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		gf0012-aus Aerial Reconnaissance - Manned or Unmanned 1/30/2004 11:43:58 PM I'm of the belief that intel needs to be balanced by an intelligent driver (unless its a prescribed flight path) and that UAV's are ideal for repetitive endurance work.
		Not to mention our little friend the Predator drone which is capable of going into an area and giving info at 2 to 3 sec delay and then being able to react to it by firing apon a target, all with the pilot 100 miles away.
		Aussiegunner RE:Aerial Reconnaissance - Manned or Unmanned - AG 2/15/2004 9:36:50 PM I agree, but think the "bums on seats" can be safely limited to those of pilots in multi-roles, doing recon in their "spare time".
	www.strategypage.com /militaryforums/6-3700.aspx (1515 words)

	Ice Breakup
		Typical information obtained during aerial reconnaissance includes the timing of stage crest at a village, a subjective assessment of the likelihood of further jamming, and breakup activity up or down the river.
		The field reconnaissance is conducted in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Emergency Services (ADES), which is the agency responsible for the overall direction of the State of Alaska's flood preparedness, response, and recovery program.
		The primary aerial scope of coverage is the entire length of the Yukon River in Alaska and the middle and lower Kuskokwim River.
	aprfc.arh.noaa.gov /resources/docs/brkup.html (1810 words)

	Aerial Photographs of the deathcamp at Auschwitz Birkenau
		One of a series of aerial photographs taken by Allied reconnaissance units under the command of the 15th U.S. Army Air Force during missions dating between April 4, 1944 and January 14, 1945.
		An aerial reconnaissance photograph of the Auschwitz concentration camp showing the destruction of the Auschwitz II (Birkenau) camp by the Germans in expectation of the arrival of Soviet troops.
		Aerial photograph of the Auschwitz area showing a partial view of the I.G. Farben plant and the associated Monowitz (Auschwitz III) forced labor camp.
	www.nizkor.org /hweb/camps/auschwitz/aerials.html (546 words)

	Aerial Photo Directory \| Rebuz.com
		PAPA International, The Professional Aerial Photographers' Association, is a professional trade organization, comprised of aerial photographers throughout the world.
		AirPhotoUSA is a digital aerial photos company that sells, as its primary product, seamless 24-bit color digital aerial photography of an entire city (1,000 to 4,000 square miles) on a CD Rom.
		Aerial reconnaissance photos, deposited by the UK Ministry of Defence at TARA, made accessible via the internet.
	www.rebuz.com /Directory/Aerial-Photos.htm (621 words)

	Publications
		People frequently confuse reconnaissance and surveillance, but whereas reconnaissance necessarily involves a mission focused on specific targets, surveillance is simply a systematic and generally passive observation of an area and its people.
		Photographic reconnaissance to support any of the three levels of war can be accomplished through the use of several platforms: satellites, high-attitude manned aircraft like the U-2, and unmanned aerial vehicles.
		U-2s continue to perform strategic reconnaissance by periodically monitoring the demilitarized zones in the Sinai and the Golan, between Israel and Egypt and Syria.
	www.washingtoninstitute.org /templateC04.php?CID=54 (2186 words)

	Tupolev Tu-243 Reis-D UAV - Technical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Aerial photo film physically delivered by the UAV is processed in 20 minutes.
		The REIS-D unmanned tactical aerial reconnaissance system is designed to conduct aerial reconnaissance, update target reconnaissance data, and monitor firing and bombing results at the depth of about 150 km from the forward line of the battle area.
		Upon completion of the reconnaissance mission, the URD is returned to a selected recovery point, from which it is carried by the transporter-loader to the technical or launch position to be prepared for another mission.
	www.aeronautics.ru /nws001/tu243/techinfo.htm (880 words)

	Army Technology - LUNA Aerial Reconnaissance and Surveillance UAV
		LUNA is a lightweight medium range reconnaissance and surveillance UAV system which has been in service with the German Army since March 2000.
		In 1999, after a two-year development phase, the LUNA system received its military flight certification and one system with two ground control stations and ten air vehicles was ordered by the German Ministry of Defence.
		The reconnaissance and surveillance flight and mission plan can be preprogramed into the air vehicle prior to launch, and can be altered during flight.
	www.army-technology.com /projects/luna (1162 words)

	USATODAY.com - WWII aerial photo archive to go online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A huge British archive of World War II aerial reconnaissance photos set to make its Internet debut on Monday appears to be experiencing technical difficulty.
		This aerial view of the June 1944 D-Day landings in Normandy, France, was taken by the Royal Air Force.
		The Aerial Reconnaissance Archives, known as TARA, expects later to release of 2.5 million Luftwaffe German air force reconnaissance photographs of Eastern Europe seized by the Allies at the end of the war.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/2004-01-19-ww2-aerials_x.htm (341 words)

	Cold War Story, Chapter 5, Beyond the U-2, Sacrifice And A Final Evaluation, Page 1 of 5 Pages
		On the contrary, manned aerial reconnaissance around the world would continue to provide the President and other national leadership with vital intelligence that could not be collected from space or by any other means.
		Aerial reconnaissance working alone or in tandem could spur these actions with probes and feints into Soviet airspace.
		So in the near-term, aerial reconnaissance assets would be vital in the collection of intelligence around the globe.
	www.rb-29.net /HTML/77ColdWarStory/05.01byndu-2.htm (1026 words)

	Air Force Technology - Predator - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAV
		MQ-1, armed with AGM-114 Hellfire missiles, is the multi-role version which is used for armed reconnaissance and interdiction.
		The surveillance and reconnaissance payload capacity is 450lb and the vehicle carries electro-optical and infrared cameras and a synthetic aperture radar.
		The two-colour DLTV television is equipped with a variable zoom and 955mm Spotter.
	www.airforce-technology.com /projects/predator (1353 words)

	STLQ: The Aerial Reconnaissance Archives
		Cartographers and historians alike will be interested in The Aerial Reconnaissance Archives: Evidenceincamera has been created by The Aerial Reconnaissance Archives (TARA) at Keele University.
		Our aim is to make the aerial reconnaissance photographs, deposited by the UK Ministry of...
		Our aim is to make the aerial reconnaissance photographs, deposited by the UK Ministry of Defence at TARA, accessible via the internet.
	stlq.info /2004/01/the_aerial_reconnaissance_arch.html (322 words)

	DB110 Aerial Reconnaissance Pod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Goodrich's DB-110 reconnaissance pod is a digital, real-time, tactical reconnaissance system designed to capture images in day or night, using electro-optical sensor technology.
		Imagery is viewed on the F-16's cockpit video display, enabling the pilot to verify targets and conduct tasks such as battle damage assessment.
		DB-110 (known as Raptor) is built by Goodrich and is operational with the U.K. Royal Air Force Tornados, used during Operation Iraqi Freedom It is also in operation on the OP-3C aircraft flown by the Japanese Maritime Staff Office.
	www.defense-update.com /products/d/db110pod.htm (318 words)

	Evolution of Aerial Warfare [Home]
		Since the plane was also the fastest vehicle and the pilot could see all the surroundings around him from a high altitude, this made the airplane the perfect tool for recon.
		The importance of aerial reconnaissance made it clear that the belligerent able to spy on the enemy from above the battlefield would enjoy enormous advantages.
		However with the invention of modern satellites the need for reconnaissance using aircraft was no longer needed since the satellites provides a less dangerous alternative for reconnaissance.
	library.thinkquest.org /C002733/Tactics/index.htm (296 words)

	Aerial Photos
		The photo to the left is from a set of six inch to one mile (1:10,000) mosaics covering Great Britain (50 inches to one mile, 1:1250, for cities).
		Aerial photography of areas outside Great Britain is collected in a limited capacity.
		The Aerial Reconnaissance Archives (TARA) - An excellent collection of WWII aerial reconnaissance photos of Western Europe; deposited by the UK Ministry of Defence.
	www.bl.uk /collections/map_aerial_photos.html (301 words)

	Army Technology - CL289 - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
		The CL-289 Reconnaissance System is an unmanned airborne reconnaissance vehicle for use at corps and divisional level.
		The reconnaissance payload consists of a Zeiss Optronic KRb 8/24D optical camera and a Safran Corsaire infrared linescan system, which can be used separately or simultaneously according to the mission requirement.
		The KRb 8/24D optical camera is equipped with three parallel lenses with deflecting prisms to provide a wide angle of view in the direction perpendicular to the direction of flight.
	www.army-technology.com /projects/cl289/index.html (846 words)

	Huachuca Illustrated, vol 1, 1993: Pioneering Aerial Reconnaissance
		The use of the newly developed military asset, the airplane, for reconnaissance missions was first undertaken in the Philippines and then along the Mexican border between 1913 and 1915.
		We were solely a reconnaissance outfit and most of the time used by General Pershing to bring back negative information.
		The first use of aerial intelligence gathering in its modern sense had its American beginnings in the skies of the American Southwest, an area that would be the site of training for aerial photo reconnaissance personnel and the development of unmanned aerial reconnaissance craft in the years to come.
	www.lib.byu.edu /estu/wwi/comment/huachuca/HI1-21.htm (1079 words)

	The U-2, OXCART, and the SR-71
		One of the most significant consequences of the work of the Wright brothers was the use of aircraft to conduct reconnaissance of the battlefield during war, and of foreign territories in peacetime.
		Electronic reconnaissance missions brought back signals, which provided data on the existence of Soviet radars at particular locations, as well as their technical characteristics (including pulse duration, pulse repetition, and frequency) that could be used in electronic warfare operations.(3)
		At the time Joseph Charyk wrote this memo he was director of the National Reconnaissance Office, which had been established in September 1961 to coordinate the research and development, production, and operation of satellite and aerial reconnaissance systems used in overflights of the Soviet Union and other nations.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB74 (7032 words)

	World War II Nighttime Aerial Reconnaissance Photograph: Exhibits: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT
		Reliable nighttime surveillance was important because military commanders often disguise their intentions and the strength of their preparedness by moving troops and materiel under mask of darkness.
		The nighttime aerial photo seen above (now declassified) shows the destruction of a bridge and disruption of rail connections somewhere near the German Gustav Line between Naples and Rome during the five-month Battle of Monte Casino in the winter of 1944.
		In this case the records are the nighttime aerial surveillance photographs produced using Edgerton's equipment and techniques.
	libraries.mit.edu /archives/exhibits/nightphoto (435 words)

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