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	Aerial refueling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aerial refueling, also called in-flight refueling (IFR) or air-to-air refueling (AAR), is the practice of transferring fuel from one aircraft to another during flight.
		Some of the earliest experiments in aerial refueling took place in the 1920s, when it was as simple as two slow-flying aircraft flying in formation, with a hose run down from a handheld gas tank on one airplane and placed into the usual fuel filler of the other.
		Refuelling was done in West Africa, Near Guam and in the Pacific between Hawaii and West Coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aerial_refueling (2578 words)

	Aerial refueling
		Aerial refueling, also called in-flight refueling (IFR) or air-to-air refueling, is the practice of transferring fuel from one aircraft to another during flight.
		Some of the earliest experiments in aerial refueling took place in the 1920s (?), when it was as simple as two slow-flying aircraft flying in formation, with a hose run down from a handheld gas tank on one airplane and placed into the usual fuel filler of the other.
		A USMC AV-8B Harrier refuels from a KC-10[?] drogue.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ae/Aerial_refueling.html (1079 words)

	McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the KC-l0's primary mission is aerial refueling, it can combine the tasks of a tanker and transport aircraft by refueling fighters and simultaneously carrying the fighter support personnel and equipment on overseas deployments.
		During boom refueling operations, fuel is transferred to the receiver aircraft at a maximum rate of 1,100 gallons (4,180 liters) per minute; the hose and drogue refueling maximum rate is 470 gallons (1,786 liters) per minute.
		Aerial refueling was key to the rapid airlift of materiel and forces.
	www.theaviationzone.com /factsheets/kc10.asp (1096 words)

	Aerial Refueling
		A Boeing B-52H being refueled by a Boeing KC-135A.
		Aerial refueling allows aircraft engines to receive fuel while in flight and today is common for many large air forces.
		Aerial refueling is now exclusively a military operation, despite Sir Alan Cobham's vision of using it for commercial aircraft.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Evolution_of_Technology/refueling/Tech22.htm (1690 words)

	Order 7610.4, Special Military Operations
		Aerial refueling is based on the requirement that participating aircraft operate and remain in specifically designated airspace.
		Aerial refueling operations are terminated at the end of the refueling point unless an extension of the aerial refueling track is received.
		Receiver aircraft that have been cleared to conduct air refueling and have departed the ARIP are issued instructions pertaining to the operation of the transponder in accordance with mileage parameters listed in the pertinent paragraphs on Military Aerial Refueling in FAA Order 7110.65.
	www.faa.gov /ATPubs/MIL/Ch10/mil1005.html (2773 words)

	Code One Magazine: Aerial Refueling — January 1993
		The importance of aerial refueling was reemphasized during the Gulf War.
		Three refueling hoses were fitted to the bomber, one from the fuselage and one each from a pod mounted under each wing.
		As military aviation moves toward the next century, aerial refueling will continue to provide the means to project military power to the far reaches of the globe.
	www.codeonemagazine.com /archives/1993/articles/jan_93/jana_93.html (4123 words)

	Order 7610.4, Special Military Operations
		Approval of an aerial refueling tract/anchor shall not preclude ATC from using such airspace after the completion of the rendezvous, provided that separation is applied in accordance with FAA Order 7110.65 between nonparticipating aircraft and participating aircraft within the aerial refueling track/anchor.
		During aerial refueling, the tanker is responsible for receiver aircraft navigation along the track and for all tanker/receiver communications with ATC.
		Anchor aerial refueling operations involve the same basic procedural elements as required for track refueling, except that both tanker and receiver aircraft file a delay in the anchor area and all air refueling activity is conducted within the anchor as per paragraph 10-3-2.
	www.faa.gov /ATPUBS/MIL/Ch10/mil1001.html (772 words)

	GAO-04-349, Military Aircraft: DOD Needs to Determine Its Aerial Refueling Aircraft Requirements
		DOD plans to issue a separate analysis and report studying the material condition of its fleet of KC-135 aerial refueling aircraft by September 2004, followed by the analysis of alternatives study to be issued in August 2005.
		Also, future unmanned aerial refueling vehicles may be another acquisition option to be considered by the Air Force and is denoted as a possible option to study in DOD's February 2004 guidance to the Air Force.
		In addition, contractor refuelers could be used to meet some of the non-combat aerial refueling demands such as proficiency training for receiver aircraft aircrews, supporting the deployment of aircraft during periodic Air Force Air Expeditionary Force rotations, and other planned aircraft movements.
	www.gao.gov /htext/d04349.html (10389 words)

	General Accounting Office Report
		DOD does not have sufficient airlift and aerial refueling capability to meet the two major theater war requirements because many aircraft needed to carry out wartime activities are not mission ready.
		The Air Mobility Command's determinations of the airlift and aerial refueling requirements and the ability of these forces to meet the requirements are based on the aircraft operating at standard wartime mission capable rates--the percentage of aircraft expected to be mission capable.
		DOD acknowledged that shortfalls in airlift and aerial refueling capabilities are made worse by chronic spare part shortages and excessive aircraft in depot maintenance.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/gao/nsiad-00-135.htm (8461 words)

	Military Comms Monitoring. HF VHF UHF
		Refueling aircraft at the TVC VORTAC 038/56, shall execute a left turn and continue refueling southbound to the exit point.
		Air refueling may be conducted anywhere within the confines of the protected airspaceand may include multiple tankers and/or receivers.
		Air refueling airspace is 4 NM west and 3 NM east of centerline from entry to exit.
	www.milaircomms.com /refuel_tracks.html (5222 words)

	Aerial refueling in the vicinity of the NTTR
		Aerial refueling in the vicinity of the NTTR
		In a refueling anchor it is a designated point where the tanker and rceiver may depart the anchor area after refueling is completed.
		Anchor refueling = Air refueling performed as the tankers maintain a prescribed pattern which is anchored to a geographical point or fix.
	www.lazygranch.com /arnttr.htm (603 words)

	Boeing: Boeing Super Hornet Demonstrates Aerial Refueling Capability
		The ARS is an external fuel tank and hose reel mounted on the centerline of the aircraft.
		The pilot of the aircraft to be refueled must then fly in formation, driving the fuel probe of his aircraft into the basket.
		In addition, an S-3 was refueled for the first time, and another Super Hornet was refueled at altitudes up to 35,000 ft. Other planned tests of the ARS include the aerial refueling of an AV-8B Harrier.
	www.boeing.com /news/releases/1999/news_release_990414o.htm (491 words)

	MetaVR Support for Aerial Refueling Simulation
		Close-up views of the KC-135 articulated refueling boom: On the left is the actual aircraft from the perspective of the pilot in the plane being refueled.
		The refueling port on the aircraft that is to receive fuel is modeled to the dimensions of the real aircraft and includes lights embedded in the refueling bay.
		The refueling boom itself is modeled in detail to include the nozzle at the end of the probe.
	www.metavr.com /technology/aerialrefueling.html (350 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Aerial Refueling Systems
		A plane that needs to refuel extends a device called a probe that is inserted into the center of the drogue.
		An alternate approach to aerial refueling is the boom-and-receiver or flying boom system that is used only by the US Air Force.
		The refueling procedure requires the tanker to fly straight and level at a constant velocity.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/design/q0213.shtml (707 words)

	Boeing B-29 Superfortress -- Chapter 22 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A winch in the receiving aircraft was then used to pull the nozzle of the refueling hose from the tanker and toward the refueling receptacle, the reel unwinding as the hose extended.
		When the refueling operation was complete, the nozzle was released, and the tanker aircraft would reel the hose back in.
		Although the hose refueling system proved to be feasible, in practice the system had the disadvantage in taking a long time to make the contact and engage the hoses.
	www.csd.uwo.ca /~pettypi/elevon/baugher_us/b029-22.html (784 words)

	Aerial Blimp Refueling of UAVs
		Aerial refueling from blimps might be easier than we think.
		These large foam meshes for refueling could be up to several hundred square feet or as small as many square meters.
		If a UAV or MAV is unable to be refueled or it’s sensors are showing damage in anyway, it can then be secured within the mesh and upon retraction into the airship remain in the mesh.
	www.worldthinktank.net /art122.shtml (721 words)

	Edwards Air Force Base - TPS students test autonomous aerial refueling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The C-12 simulated being a refueling tanker and the Lear-25 simulated being an autonomous receiving aircraft for the purpose of this TPS thesis.
		For refueling in straight and level flight, the controller held the receiver on average within 1.3 feet of its desired position, well inside of the envelope of a refueling boom.
		He said autonomous aerial refueling is of great interest to the Department of Defense.
	www.edwards.af.mil /archive/2005/2005-archive-tps_autonomous_refuel.html (491 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Aerial Refueling
		This media item will not play in the Internet software you are currently using.
		A Boeing 707TT (tanker-transport) refuels Tornado and AMX Ghibli fighter-bombers from the Italian Air Force.
		Aerial refueling extends the flying range of combat aircraft.
	encarta.msn.com /media_221617348/Aerial_Refueling.html (38 words)

	AIRDROP PICS PAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		She is assigned to the 351st Aerial Refueling Squadron, 100th Aerial Refueling Wing, Royal Air Force Mildenhall, England.
		Captain “Kelly”, KC 135R pilot, performs a pre-flight inspection prior to flying an aerial refueling mission.
		Kelly is assigned to the 351st Aerial Refueling Squadron, Royal Air Force Mildenhall, England.
	www.usafe.af.mil /airdrop/pics17.htm (311 words)

	Virtual Salt Lake ARTCC - Military Ops: Aerial Refueling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		ARCP (Air Refueling Control Point) - The location where the tanker and receiver rendezvous is completed prior to refueling.
		ARIP (Air Refueling Initial Point) - A point located upstream from the ARCP at which the receiver aircraft initiates a rendezvous with the tanker.
		REFUELING ALTITUDES - The block of airspace within which refueling operations may be conducted.
	www.slcartcc.org /military/refuel.asp (236 words)

	Aerial Refueling
		With over 700 aerial refueling systems produced to date for the KC-130H aircraft, Sargent Fletcher Inc. has the experience to meet your in-flight refueling mission needs.
		Sargent Fletcher 48-000 wing pods and FR-300 hose drum units are the standard for KC-130H aerial refueling.
		Click here to view a slide show featuring photographs taken during aerial refueling qualification testing of the Lockheed Martin KC-130J with the Flight Refueling Limited MK32B 901E Advanced Aerial Refueling Pod and the Sargent Fletcher 27-370 Aerial Refueling Tank/System Mounted on Station 4 of a Lockheed Martin F-16.
	www.sargentfletcher.com /ars.htm (685 words)

	NASA - NASA Dryden Research Update - Automated Aerial Refueling
		To enable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to refuel from tankers in flight, NASA researchers are studying the motion of a refueling hose and its conical basket drogue when in proximity to a receiving aircraft.
		Aerodynamic phenomena can cause the refueling hose and drogue to be displaced by the wakes of the aircraft, and this must be mapped and understood before UAVs can successfully engage in automated aerial refueling.
		The Automated Aerial Refueling (AAR) project at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center in California uses a pair of F/A-18 jet aircraft to represent the tanker and receiver in formation over the Mojave Desert.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/dryden/news/ResearchUpdate/AAR (218 words)

	Autonomous Aerial Refueling (AAR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is a large project involving the ISR, Boeing Co., Northrop Grumman Co. with the coordination of the USAF (WPAFB).
		WVU’s role is to provide modeling and closed-loop simulation of Machine Vision-based algorithms for an estimation of the Tanker-UAV relative position vector to be used for the UAV docking to the tanker for autonomous aerial refueling (AAR) purposes, using the USAF refueling boom system.
		The RandD flight simulator developed by researcher at WVU analyzes the different aspects of the problem of autonomous aerial refueling (AAR) for UAVs.
	www2.cemr.wvu.edu /~wwwflt/new_page_8.htm (182 words)

	Marines push limits with aerial refueling
		The aerial refueling between the aircraft of Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron-361 and Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron-152 here Nov. 8 was part of the training conducted during Exercise Talon Vision (Fiscal Year) 2004.
		Having aircraft capable of continuous flight without needing to land for fuel is "critical" to the Marine Corps' expeditionary nature, according to Capt. Matthew R. McGath, KC-130 aircraft commander, VMGR-152, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing.
		After approximately an hour of low-altitude flying, the KC-130s rendezvoused once more with the `Super Stallion' helicopters and again refueled the aircraft, which had completed their own training evolution.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2003/11/mil-031116-mcn01.htm (413 words)

	Boeing: Global Tanker Team to Deliver Boeing Advanced Aerial-Refueling Tanker
		The announcement was made by George Muellner, vice president and general manager of Boeing's Air Force Systems business, while speaking at the Air Force Association meeting in Washington, D.C. "This is a skilled team with more than 75 years of experience in aerial-refueling technology, integrated systems, and aircraft manufacturing and modification," Muellner said.
		The Global Tanker Team convened recently in St. Louis, committing to deliver the most advanced aerial refueling capability for its global customers.
		The first Italian Air Force KC-767A advanced aerial refueling tanker has completed the initial phase of its flight test program.
	www.boeing.com /news/releases/2005/q3/nr_050913t.html (628 words)

	Variable Speed Aerial Refueling Drogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		TOPIC NUMBER: AF02-242 TITLE: Variable Speed Aerial Refueling Drogue Q: Current drogue fuel systems fuel at rates of 300 or more gals per min.
		A: A tanker for this effort is any aircraft used to refuel other aircraft via a drogue system for example KC-135, KC-10, and any Navy buddy store aircraft.
		Fuel flow rates should be equivalent to systems used today (300 gals per minute minimum for Air Force systems or the current minimum rate for buddy stores system for the Navy).
	www.dtic.mil /matris/sbir/sbir021/sbir186.html (270 words)

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