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Topic: Aerial topdressing

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand
		Aerial topdressing is the spreading of fertilisers such as superphosphate over farmland with the use of aircraft.
		Aerial topdressing was developed in New Zealand in the 1940s and was rapidly adopted elsewhere in the 1950s.
		The first known aerial application of agricultural materials was by John Chaytor, who in 1906 spread seed over a swamped valley floor in Wairoa, New Zealand, using a hot air balloon with mobile tethers.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Aerial_topdressing (3926 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Aerial application
		Aerial application, commonly called crop dusting, involves spraying crops with fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides from an agricultural aircraft.
		Aerial topdressing, the spread of fertilisers such as superphosphate, was developed in New Zealand in the 1940s by members of the Ministry of Public Works and RNZAF lead by Alan Pritchard and Doug Campbell - unofficial experiments by individuals within the government lead to funded research.
		Aerial firefighting, or water bombing, was tested experimentally by Art Seller's Skyways air services in Canada in 1952 (dropping a mix of water, fertiliser and seed), and established in California in the mid 1950s.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Aerial_application (556 words)

	Aerial application Information
		Aerial application, referred to by many as crop dusting, involves spraying crops with fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides from an agricultural aircraft.
		aerial application of agricultural materials was by John Chaytor, who in 1906 spread seed over a swamped valley floor in Wairoa, New Zealand, using a hot air balloon with mobile tethers.
		The spread of fertilisers, or Aerial topdressing, was developed in New Zealand in the 1940s by members of the Ministry of Public Works and RNZAF lead by Alan Pritchard and Doug Campbell.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Aerial_application (249 words)

	The heroes of the sky
		NEXT year is the 50th anniversary of aerial topdressing in New Zealand, a farming practice which was fine-tuned from its infancy in Wairarapa.
		AERIAL topdressing pilots were once considered the heroes of the sky and they were one of the keys to putting New Zealand's agricultural industry on its feet.
		On March 27, 1998, it will be exactly 50 years since the first official aerial topdressing of fertiliser was spread on a New Zealand farm, and Masterton pilot Clive Thorne said pilots from all over the world are expected to return for the reunion in Palmerston North.
	wairarapa.co.nz /times-age/weekly/topdress.html (2472 words)

	topdressing - Garden, Grass and Lawn care resources. Landscaping advice artices and news.
		Aerial topdressing is the spreading of fertilisers such as superphosphate over farm land.
		Topdressing Topdressing is a proven practice often completed in conjunction with aeration and Topdressing adds organic soil amendments, which improves the physical,
		Effective greens topdressing depends on approach Putting greens constitute a small percentage of the golf course, but they demand major attention from both the golf-course superintendent and the golfer.Sandman Topdressing and Aerating, Inc. Speciality landscaping company involved in "topdressing" for lawns and turf.
	www.phragweb.com /topdressing.html (592 words)

	Guano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is highly prized as an effective fertilizer or gunpowder due to its high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen.
		Superphosphate made from guano is used for aerial topdressing.
		Among farmers, bird excrement is well known for dramatically increasing crop production.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guano (426 words)

	New Zealand Serials - RNZAF De Havilland DH.82A Tiger Moth
		To Aerial Farming NZ Ltd, Palmerston North on 06 October 1950 as topdresser.
		To Checketts Aerial Topdressing Co Ltd, Dunedin on 21 April 1955 for use as a topdresser.
		To Aerial Fertilising Ltd. To Aerial Agriculture Ltd, Hastings on 16 October 1951.
	www.adf-serials.com /nz-serials/nz650.shtml (19008 words)

	Beehive
		Aerial topdressing to fertilise paddocks was one of those innovations that bought about a great leap forward in New Zealand agriculture.
		By requiring aerial operators to be accredited as a condition of permitted activity in their resource plans, Regional Councils will have the necessary confidence that the environmental issues addressed through their resource plans with respect to fertiliser application (by air) can be met.
		This will provide evidence that the requirements of their clients are being met in terms of precise and even aerial fertiliser application as part of the economic and effective use of fertiliser.
	www.beehive.govt.nz /Print/PrintDocument.aspx?DocumentID=21241 (1175 words)

	Grass
		Following World War 1 came Cawthron's bequest for the establishment of a regional research organisation in Nelson and among the significant things that were done was pioneer work on the effect of topdressing on yield and composition of pasture.
		W.M. Hamilton claimed: "The isolation of New Zealand no 1 White Clover was possibly the greatest single advance made in the recognition of a desirable pasture species - its vigour, high yield, and ability to respond to phosphate topdressing have been outstanding and of the greatest importance in raising pasture yields”.
		Topdressing has been limited to annual applications of lime and superphosphate and, with heavy concentrations of stock, a high soil fertility has been built up.
	www.techhistory.co.nz /OntheLand/Grass_growing.htm (2351 words)

	Aerial_Top
		Campbell of the Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council was to become one of the principal advocates of aerial topdressing, and following his recommendation to the Council, the experiments reported in the New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology took place.
		Not all this increase can be ascribed to aerial topdressing but a measure of its importance can be gained from the fact that by the mid-sixties the tonnage of fertilizer spread from the air approached half of the total used.
		The Tiger Moth was not the ideal topdressing aircraft nor did such an aircraft appear to exist.
	www.techhistory.co.nz /OntheLand/aerial_top-dressing.htm (1177 words)

	Aerial Application :: Agriculture and Forestry : Gourt
		Alberta Aerial Applicators Association - Non-profit society representing the aerial application industry of Alberta, Canada.
		Dunn Aviation Australia - Provides aerial agricultural services for low level application spraying and spreading by air of liquid and solid fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides.
		Class computer software is for all aerial spraying, aerial spreading, aerial application, all aerial treatment in agriculture.
	business.gourt.com /Agriculture-and-Forestry/Aerial-Application.html (710 words)

	Aerial: Outdoor Advertising at Canadian Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This category is for businesses that provide aerial billboards and banners which are typically flown over crowded beaches and sporting events.
		Aerial advertising on banners fixed to the sides of helium airships, includes photo gallery, and terms and conditions.
		Superphosphate is used as a fertilizer around the world in aerial topdressing and the majority of it has been exported to Australia.
	www.canadiancontent.net /dir/Top/Business/Marketing_and_Advertising/Advertising/Outdoor_Advertising/Aerial (915 words)

	NZFPM \|Grumman TBM3E Avenger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In all, 48 Avengers were allocated to the RNZAF, but before the war ended over half of these were handed over to either the US Navy or the Royal Navy’s Pacific Fleet, both of which were suffering from aircraft shortages.
		Aerial topdressing of New Zealand’s marginal lands was first postulated by a New Zealand farmer in 1926, but the idea met with scepticism.
		During and after World War II, trials were carried out, and in 1947 the RNZAF was asked to carry out further trials of aerial seed sowing and topdressing.
	www.nzfpm.co.nz /article.asp?id=tbm3e (625 words)

	AERIAL TOPDRESSING - AERIAL TOPDRESSING - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		Until aerial topdressing gained momentum, the mineral fertility of the soils on these large areas had been slowly declining.
		Blowers operating from bulldozed tracks were used for a while by some farmers, but the gross unevenness of distribution of superphosphate by these means proved unsatisfactory and only small areas could be covered.
		The Effect of Aerial Topdressing on Hill-country Farming
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/A/AerialTopdressing/en (550 words)

	Aerial Agricultural Association of Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This Code was formally adopted by members of the Aerial Agricultural Association of Australia at the Association's Annual General Meeting held on 19 June 2002.
		It has been adopted by AAAA as a means of promoting the professionalism of the aerial topdressing industry and high standards of application.
		This is a voluntary Code of Practice to which individual aerial operators must commit themselves and their businesses and operations in writing to the AAAA.
	www.aerialag.com.au /site/index.asp?pageID=49 (119 words)

	New Zealand Farming Developments \| NZETC
		For example, the RNZAF ‘undertook extensive trials in the dropping of fertiliser from the air in 1948 at the request of the Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, which was interested in
		aerial topdressing as a means of improving hill pastures and checking and preventing soil erosion.
		Persons engaged in farm contracting, including aerial topdressing, etc., are included under farming.
	www.nzetc.org /tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Econ-c20-18.html (752 words)

	Amazon.com: topdressing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aerial topdressing in the Upper Hunter by Alexius Joseph Boyle (Unknown Binding - 1969)
		Topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on cool season grasses for pasture production (Research bulletin / University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station) by Earl M Kroth (Unknown Binding - 1981)
		Encourage beneficial soil microbes by topdressing with finished compost or an...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=topdressing&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (659 words)

	New Zealand Serials - Miles M.57 Aerovan 4
		Arrived Wellington by sea October 1949 and BOC at Shelly Bay on 23 November 1949 for aerial topdressing trials with RNZAF.
		The C of A was issued for this aircraft on 16 November 1951.
		The aircraft proved unsuitable for topdressing and was converted for freight and passenger work with a ten seat cabin by Airwork NZ Ltd. Used for sightseeing and freight work in the South Island.
	www.adf-serials.com /nz-serials/nz1751.shtml (425 words)

	OSH Policy
		Topdressing airstrips are an essential part of many farming operations, and also a frequent site of agricultural accidents.
		Federated Farmers has worked with the Department of Labour and Civil Aviation Authority to develop a guideline for farm airstrips and aerial topdressing.
		This guideline serves as a best practice guide for topdressing operations, helping to identify practical steps to ensure safety at the airstrip.
	www.fedfarm.org.nz /OSHPolicy.html (399 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY
		As both a farmer and an aviator, Field was immediately attracted to the concept of aerial topdressing, and predicted that it would change farming forever.
		Other topdressing pioneers saw him as a leader, and in September 1949 he became the founding president of the New Zealand Aerial Work Operators’ Association (later the Aviation Industry Association of New Zealand).
		In 1951 the Gisborne Aerial Topdressing Company was revamped with new and larger de Havilland Beaver aircraft, and renamed Fieldair Limited.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Essay_Body.asp?FullTxt=5F5&related=false (762 words)

	Beehive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Agriculture Minister Jim Sutton today praised the Agricultural Aviation Association for its commitment, in conjunction with the Sustainable Farming Fund, to ensuring fertilizer was not wasted, thus reducing environmental concerns.
		Mr Sutton told the association’s conference in Masterton that aerial topdressing to fertilise paddocks was one of those innovations that bought about a great leap forward in New Zealand agriculture.
		Mr Sutton said the association had a project, part funded by the Government’s Sustainable Farming Fund, which will result in the development of a new code for aerial application of fertiliser to be known as The Spreadmark Code of Practice for the Aerial Application of Fertiliser.
	www.beehive.govt.nz /Print/PrintDocument.aspx?DocumentID=21245 (512 words)

	AERIAL TOPDRESSING - History of Aerial Topdressing - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		In that year J. Lambert suggested that aerial topdressing of hill land might be worth trying, but his suggestion was rejected as impracticable.
		That this method of topdressing might be feasible was shown in 1936 by a farmer in Hawke's Bay.
		Each year poison baits for rabbits are spread on 80,000–100,000 acres, clover seed is sown, fencing materials are delivered to inaccessible places, and spraying is carried out with insecticides, fungicides, and weedkillers.
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/A/AerialTopdressing/HistoryOfAerialTopdressing/en (460 words)

	1292.0 - Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 1993
		This class consists of units mainly engaged in providing shearing services for sheep, goats and other livestock raised mainly for their hair.
		This class consists of units mainly engaged in providing aerial seeding, crop or pasture dusting or spraying services or aerial mustering services.
		Aerial crop spraying or dusting; Aerial fertiliser spreading; Aerial mustering; Aerial pasture spraying or dusting; Aerial pest control or baiting; Aerial seeding service; Aerial topdressing
	www.abs.gov.au /ausstats/ABS@.nsf/66f306f503e529a5ca25697e0017661f/4E8EDEB9BFEB5CFECA25697E0018FCDF?opendocument (210 words)

	Earlybird (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The history of aerial topdressing is the history of companies Phil founded and the pilots who flew the planes with him.
		There must be farmers out there in Northland who remember him and his merry cohorts who flung plane loads of superphosphate around the landscape, flying by the seat of their pants to topdress hills.
		He was a pioneer of aerial topdressing and flew the first light aircraft across the Pacific from the United States to New Zealand.
	www.123.co.nz /earlybird/beenthere.htm (688 words)

	Jim McMahon — Pioneer ag-pilot
		He was surprised that little aerial spraying was done in England and there was an obvious need for it.
		It took a lot of convincing to get him to go to New Zealand and have a look at aerial topdressing.” Eventually the EP9 was built, with only one going to New Zealand, but others were used in England and Australia.
		Divisions of Crop Cultural (Aerial), Ltd. were formed with exotic names; Mirofumar of Columbia, Atopan of Panama, Atoguam of Guatemala, Crop Culture (Overseas), Ltd. in Jamaica and the Cameroons, Crop Care in England and Sudan and closer to my home, Agricultural Aviation in Brisbane.
	www.agairupdate.com /aau/articles/2006/May2006.html (1672 words)

	Jean Batten
		In 1950, in partnership with Ron Bush, his pre-war instructor, he established Southland and Otago Aerial Topdressing Ltd as Manager and Chief Pilot operating from Gore.
		SOAT was the pioneer South Island operator of the Fletcher FU24 and Ian Ritchie flew and demonstrated the aircraft extensively, including at the world’s first Agricultural Air Show in Palmerston North in November 1956.
		His role in the development of agricultural, tourism and general aviation services and standards in New Zealand and his instruction of aerial topdressing techniques, safe mountain flying techniques, instrument flying procedures and sound commercial operating standards in remote airspace have made an outstanding personal contribution to New Zealand aviation.
	www.gapan.org /Awards/04batten.htm (736 words)

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