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	Aerobatic maneuver - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aerobatic maneuvres are maneuvers involving aircraft in unusual attitudes, in air shows, dog fights or competition aerobatics.
		Aerobatics can be performed by a single aircraft or in formation with several others.
		Spin; a family of auto-rotational maneuvers, consisting of upright or inverted and normal or "flat".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aerobatic_maneuver (861 words)

	Aerobatics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maneuvers are often combined which demands a higher level of skill from the pilot, but greatly increases the spectacle of an aerobatic flight sequence.
		Aerobatics are taught to military fighter pilots as a means of developing precise flying skills and for tactical use in combat.
		Aerobatic maneuvers flown in a jet powered aircraft are limited in scope as they cannot take advantage of the gyroscopic forces that a propeller driven aircraft can exploit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aerobatic (709 words)

	Aerobatic Flight
		Aerobatic flight, a specialized area of general aviation, is defined as “precise maneuvering in three-dimensional space.” Maneuvering is broken down to three components—position, velocity, and attitude.
		An idealized example of a true aerobatic vehicle can be conceptualized by observing the Space Shuttle Orbiter's ability to maneuver on all three axes when operating in the weightless vacuum of space and using this image as a yardstick to measure earthbound aerobatic maneuvers.
		At a time when there were few women aerobatic pilots, Skelton was a trailblazer and achieved acclaim as the first woman to complete an aerobatic maneuver known as the “inverted ribbon cut” in which an airplane flying upside down, only a few feet off the ground, slices a two-foot (0.6-meter)-wide ribbon strung between two poles.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/GENERAL_AVIATION/aerobatic/GA19.htm (1488 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Aerobatics is said to have started in 1905 when Daniel J. Maloney at Santa Clara, California, in a glider descending from a tethered balloon, did a "side-somersault," probably a roll.
		Later, Peguod astonished onlookers with such maneuvers as vertical S's, inside loops, inverted half-loops with rolls, etc. Contrary to the comment in a leading flying publication of the day that "Peguod-ing is not to become fashionable in the French Army," aerobatic flying became an essential part of combat flying in World War I. a.
		During several maneuvers the rate of onset equaled or exceeded 1G per second, and in some maneuvers, the rate of onset and duration of the G's were at levels that have been found to cause unconsciousness in some subjects in centrifuge studies.
	acro.aerobatics.ws /airshows/AC91-61.TXT (4182 words)

	Aerobatic Arizona!
		Aerobatics can be relatively safe since it is learned at altitude (2000'-5000' AGL to start) and there is plenty of room to recover from a mishandled maneuver.
		International Aerobatic Club is a division of the Experimental Aircraft Association and organizes local aerobatic competitions at all skill levels, ranging from beginners to Unlimited class National Champions.
		Each score on a maneuver is multiplied by a difficulty rating or "K" factor that is derived from an aerobatic catalog published by the FAI (Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, the accepted international aerobatic sanctioning body) and additional deductions are assessed for improper positioning in the box.
	aerobatics.gndloop.org /iac_akro.html (2998 words)

	Lingo - COS Air Show (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Aerobatic card - carried by aerobatic pilots, the card indicates that they are qualified to perform in an air show environment, with certain altitude limitations.
		Aerobatic Maneuvers have names such as, rolls, loops, and vertical maneuvers such as a hammerhead stall.
		The names of many aerobatic maneuvers reflect the fact that military pilots in dogfights originally used the maneuvers with the enemy.
	www.csairshow.com /lingo.htm (735 words)

	Hummingbird Aerobatic Aircraft Design Background
		The 4-cycle engines used in most Western aerobatic aircraft were originally designed for light cruising aircraft; they are heavy, bulky, and expensive, and the punishment subjected upon them by unlimited aerobatics leads to frequent (expensive) rebuilds.
		Consequently, aerobatic sequences cover a larger area of sky and are limited by the size of the competition box.
		Aerobatic sequences must be performed at high speeds through large areas of sky while requiring high G forces.
	www.esotec.co.nz /hb/HTML/Background.html (1324 words)

	How to Shop for Aerobatic Training
		The instructor's job is to coach you through the various maneuvers, not to impress you with his or her aerobatic prowess.
		The overall cost of aerobatic training is influenced by the type of trainer used, the reputation and geographic location of the school, and the experience of the instructor.
		Above all, you should come away from spin, emergency maneuver, and aerobatic training rewarded with enhanced confidence, a deeper appreciation for the flight environment, and a profound respect for the special equipment and skill needed to loop, spin, and roll an airplane safely.
	www.richstowell.com /howto.htm (2578 words)

	fly-aerobatics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Once you have made the decision to take aerobatic training, you have to locate a reputable school and an instructor you feel comfortable flying with, since you are going to spend a number of hours with your instructor in challenging situations.
		However, an aerobatic pilot will, if faced with a similar unusual attitude, be able to apply his or her aerobatic skills to recover much more effectively than a pilot who has no such training.
		If an aerobatics pilot pulls back excessively on the yoke or stick at the top of a loop while inverted and nose low, and the aircraft buffets and stalls, he or she knows to instinctively release a small amount of back pressure to un-stall the wings, then continue with the remainder of the loop.
	www.fly-aerobatics.ca /education.htm (9408 words)

	Aerobatics Common Questions
		By it's very nature, aerobatics involves risks that are not involved in non-aerobatic flight; but, as with other aviation activities, it is only as safe or dangerous as the pilot makes it.
		Aerobatics is for the sensible pilot who seeks proficiency, precision, and control in their flying skills.
		Aerobatic pilots understand their machine as well as its limitations and they recognize their own personal capabilities.
	www.iac.org /begin (291 words)

	SnapRoll-Sukhoi \| Aerobatic Terms
		Hammerhead - An aerobatic maneuver in that begins with a quarter loop into a vertical climb until the aircraft runs out of speed, followed by a 180-degree pivot on the plane's vertical axis into a nose-down dive, ending with another half-loop.
		Spin - In aerobatics, an intentional spin is a maneuver in which the plane rotates along its vertical axis.
		Tailslide - An aerobatic maneuver in which a plane climbs straight up, then tips 180 degrees, either forward or backward, so it is diving straight down.
	www.snaproll-sukhoi.com /glossary.htm (1485 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The FAA has determined that for purposes of an aviation event, an aerobatic maneuver means an intentional maneuver in which the aircraft is in sustained inverted flight or is rolled from upright to inverted or from inverted to upright position.
		All standard aviation event aerobatic maneuvers such as slow rolls, snap rolls, loops, Immelmanns, cuban eights, spins, hammerhead turns, etc., may not be performed over congested areas or over spectators.
		Aerobatic school activities or aerobatic meets may occur which are not aviation events, contests, or races, even though a waiver must be issued.
	www.fly-ul.com /AC/ac91-45c.html (1453 words)

	A Hazard In Aerobatics, Effects Of G Force On Pilots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Later, Peguod astonished onlookers with such maneuvers as vertical S's, inside loops, inverted half loops with rolls, etc. Contrary to the comment in a leading flying publication of the day that "Peguoding is not to become fashionable in the French Army," aerobatic flying became an essential part of combat flying in World War I.
		After the 19th maneuver, a three-quarter outside loop followed by 2 1/2 rolls from inverted to upright, the aircraft flew straight and level for a short time, departed from the practice box in a 45° nosedown attitude, and crashed.
		During several maneuvers the rate of onset equaled or exceeded 1 G per second, and in some maneuvers, the rate of onset and duration of the G's were at levels that have been found to cause unconsciousness in some sub>
	avstop.com /AC/AC91-61.html (4174 words)

	Aerobatics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		All aerobatics should be practiced at higher altitudes in the beginning.
		This maneuver was addpted from airplane pattern competitions and is currently used in higher level helicopter contests.
		A good rule of thumb for all aerobatics is that as amodel's speed increases, the control throw must also be increased.
	www.gimodelers.com /f16.htm (2981 words)

	UNC-TV ONLINE: Black Issues Forum:Transcripts
		Basic aerobatic flights, it made me a little more interested in it but when I was 16 I had the chance to take my first aerobatic lesson.
		But all of those things definitely help especially in the aerobatic arena primarily because when you're doing aerobatics the temperature, the humidity, the density, altitude, all of those things affect the radius of a turn I may be doing.
		I like to describe aerobatics as the ultimate roller coaster because on a roller coaster you might be lucky if you can experience positive 2 Gs or even when your stomach floats and you're experiencing negative Gs, you're maybe zero to negative 1 at that.
	www.unctv.org /bif/transcripts/2004/transcript2010.html (4159 words)

	Model Airplane News - HOW TO: Flying the Loop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is considered to be an advanced maneuver, but it’s technically the same as flying an inside loop; but pilots don’t get as much practice “pushing” the elevator through maneuvers as they do pulling it, and this makes those who haven’t practiced it uncomfortable.
		The maneuver requires not only mastery of the loop but also the ability to perform a snap roll from the inverted or upright position.
		This maneuver is very difficult to perform and is usually seen in freestyle sequences flown by topnotch IMAC Unlimited, Tournament of Champions and World Masters pilots.
	www.modelairplanenews.com /how_to/flytheloop.asp (873 words)

	This Schedule is intended to represent approved aerobatic maneuvers that are suitable for full (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This Schedule is intended to represent approved aerobatic maneuvers that are suitable for full-scale gliders certified for Limited Aerobatics.
		Takeoff, towing, flying between maneuvers, and landing are not judged.
		All maneuvers must be completed within the confines of ‘The Box’, defined by lines extending 60 degrees left and right from the designated pilots position.
	www.sbss.org /LosBanosStuff/LB2002Akrotext2.htm (466 words)

	Microsoft Flight Simulator Century of Flight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The loop -- a vertical circle in the sky -- is a fundamental aerobatic maneuver, one of the first skills fledgling aerobatic pilots learn.
		In fact, it will probably lead either to a high-speed stall at the start of the maneuver or an ungraceful fall out of the sky as the airplane runs out of speed halfway through the loop.
		As with all aerobatic maneuvers, the keys to doing a perfect loop are proper setup and smooth execution.
	www.microsoft.com /games/flightsimulator/fs98_articles_pattyloop.asp (575 words)

	Reflections at Six G's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soon, you discover that each new maneuver is nothing more than understanding and becoming comfortable with the control inputs needed for precise aircraft positioning.
		Eventually, even the negative four g outside maneuvers such as outside rolling turns, outside loops and outside snaprolls loose their aura of impossibility and come to be viewed as another challenging skill acquired.
		Hammerheads are possibly the easiest aerobatic maneuver in a power plane, but the Salto's V-tail and lack of propeller blast requires a sensitive touch and precise airspeed control to properly pirouette vertically and fall back towards show center.
	www.sugarbush.org /Stories/mahoney/mahoney.html (1691 words)

	The Inside Loop - Aerobatic Maneuver Demonstrations - Fighter Combat International
		The maneuver is started by aligning the aircraft with a ground reference off the nose (usually a mountain, cloud or pattern of roads) with at least 140 kts of airspeed and at a safe altitude.
		The maneuver terminates as the pilot attains approximately 3.5-4.0 G, 140 kts of airspeed and a wings level flight attitude on the original heading and altitude.
		Although the Inside Loop is a basic maneuver, it is quite exhilarating especially when using smoke to highlight the aircraft's flight path throughout the maneuver.
	www.fightercombat.com /vid_inside_loop.htm (675 words)

	Memory Aids
		This article was orginally published in Sport Aerobatics magazine; however, much of the information applies whether you're a seasoned aerobatic competitior or a pilot contemplating basic spin, emergency maneuver, or aerobatic training.
		Defining a goal, outlining a plan, repeating maneuvers over and over again until they become instinctive, until sequences flow seamlessly, precisely--such is the commitment of many involved in competitive aerobatics.
		Factor in the maneuvers to be flown, your current level of proficiency and physical conditioning, and an adequate safety factor.
	www.richstowell.com /memaids.htm (882 words)

	Helicopter Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		More lift at the rear of the rotary wing will cause the aircraft to pitch forward, an increase on the left will cause a roll to the right and so on.
		Helicopters maneuver with three flight controls besides the pedals.
		The collective pitch control lever controls the collective pitch, or angle of attack, of the helicopter blades altogether, that is, equally throughout the 360 degree plane-of-rotation of the main rotor system.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Helicopter (3876 words)

	Nomac System
		It is common to have a K factor (degree of difficulty) multiplied by your 0 to 10 score for each maneuver.
		When I judge aerobatics, I generally talk to each flier after he lands and point out how he could improve his flight the next time.
		I judged a contest last Summer where 80% of the entrants were local, because I had gone to the club to teach them aerobatics beforehand.
	www.ultimatecharger.com /nomac.html (698 words)

	Lomcevak Tumble - Aerobatic Maneuver Demonstrations - Fighter Combat International
		The aircraft is pulled to the 45 degree up-line where a left roll is immediately initiated (when learning this maneuver, it is helpful to go to 45-up knife-edge flight (left wing low) with heavy right rudder to hold the nose momentarily on the line).
		Once the roll is initiated (or knife-edge flight established), the aircraft is aggressively yawed off axis with left rudder and then, when the relative airflow is approximately 45 degrees off the nose of the aircraft, the longitudinal stick is move sharply forward with slight left aileron input.
		Believe it or not, this is a precision maneuver and, as an air show performer, the professional air show pilot must have total control and recoverability throughout the maneuver.
	www.fightercombat.com /vid_03Sep04.htm (531 words)

	[No title]
		Manfred immigrated to Canada in 1969 and became a gliding instructor in 1972, adding the glider aerobatic instructor's endorsement in 1977.
		Manfred's award-winning main act 'The Ultimate' contains samples of all aerobatic maneuver families, including unique maneuvers performed only by himself with a glider at air shows.The grand finale of 'The Ultimate' is the spectacular inverted ribbon cut.
		Manfred's extensive background in glider aerobatics and competing in world-class aerobatic championships enables him to demonstrate the capabilities of his fully aerobatic glider to the fullest.
	www.airshows.org /profile_details.php?d=20 (701 words)

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