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Topic: Aerodynamics

	Beginner's Guide to Aerodynamics
		Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air.
		Aerodynamics affects the motion of a large airliner, a model rocket, a beach ball thrown near the shore, or a kite flying high overhead.
		Because aerodynamics involves both the motion of the object and the reaction of the air, there are several pages devoted to basic gas properties and how those properties change through the atmosphere.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/bga.html (456 words)

	Science of Cycling: Aerodynamics: page 1
		While newer bicycles are being designed with better aerodynamics in mind, the human body is simply not well designed to slice through the air.
		Aerodynamic drag consists of two forces: air pressure drag and direct friction (also known as surface friction or skin friction).
		On a flat road, aerodynamic drag is by far the greatest barrier to a cyclist's speed, accounting for 70 to 90 percent of the resistance felt when pedaling.
	www.exploratorium.edu /cycling/aerodynamics1.html (767 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Aerodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aerodynamics is a branch of fluid dynamics concerned with the study of gas flows, first analysed by George Cayley in the 1800s.
		The solution of an aerodynamic problem normally involves calculating for various properties of the flow, such as velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as a function of space and time.
		Lift is defined as the aerodynamic force acting perpendicular to the relative airflow and drag is defined as the aerodynamic force acting parallel to the relative airflow.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Aerodynamics.html (1233 words)

	Aerodynamics - MSN Encarta
		Aerodynamics, branch of fluid mechanics that deals with the motion of air and other gaseous fluids, and with the forces acting on bodies in motion relative to such fluids.
		Supersonics, an important branch of aerodynamics, concerns phenomena that arise when the velocity of a solid body exceeds the speed of sound in the medium, usually air, in which it is traveling.
		Because the speed of sound, being thus variable, is a critical factor in aerodynamic equations, it is represented by a so-called Mach number, named after the Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, who pioneered the study of ballistics.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557396/Aerodynamics.html (792 words)

	Aerodynamics Encyclopedia Article @ HotAndCold.com (Hot and Cold) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aerodynamics is a branch of fluid dynamics concerned with the study of forces and gas flows.
		Structural engineers also use aerodynamics, and particularly aeroelasticity, to calculate wind loads in the design of large buildings and bridges.
		The aerodynamics of internal passages is important in heating/ventilation, gas piping, and in automotive engines where detailed flow patterns strongly affect the performance of the engine.
	www.hotandcold.com /encyclopedia/Aerodynamics (1358 words)

	Aerodynamics , Airfoil Analysis , 3D Wing Design & Analysis and CFD Software
		Aerodynamics, Airfoil Analysis, 3D Wing Design and Analysis and CFD Software
		We develop CFD and Aerodynamics software for MS Windows.
		Aerodynamics conceptual design is easy and fast with MultiSurface Aerodynamics 2.0.
	www.hanleyinnovations.com (210 words)

	Beginner's Guide to Aerodynamics
		Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air.
		Aerodynamics affects the motion of a large airliner, a model rocket, a beach ball thrown near the shore, or a kite flying high overhead.
		Because aerodynamics involves both the motion of the object and the reaction of the air, there are several pages devoted to basic gas properties and how those properties change through the atmosphere.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/bga.html (456 words)

	DFRC - Education - Educator Resources - Careers - Aerodynamics Engineers
		Aerodynamics is the study of air movement around an aircraft in flight; the study of the forces generated by the air that are felt by the aircraft and its components; and the study of aircraft components when they are subjected to forces produced by an air flow.
		Local aerodynamics research refers to the study of fluid flow phenomena that are present in a region of flow near an aircraft.
		Local aerodynamics is studied using sensors to measure pressures and temperatures on the surface of the airplane and sometimes even at locations away from the surface.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /Education/Educator/OnlineEducation/Careers/aerodynam.html (1125 words)

	Applied Aerodynamics Technical Committee
		The technical activities of the Committee are to provide a focus for the development, verification, and application of aerodynamic analysis and design techniques and to provide a forum for the exposure of innovative aerodynamic concepts.
		Special attention will be given to correlations of state-of-the-art aerodynamic computer codes with wind-tunnel and flight test data to determine the theory's capabilities and usefulness in the vehicle design process.
		Generic aerodynamic research and configuration optimization will be fostered for all classes of air vehicles and surface vehicles for which aerodynamics is a significant design discipline.
	www.aiaa.org /tc/apa/apatc.html (176 words)

	Bicycles and Aerodynamics
		While aerodynamic technology was first shown on the track in the '84 Los Angeles olympics, aerodynamic improvements in road racing had a piercing effect in the last stage of the '89 Tour de France.
		The revival of the topic of bicycle aerodynamics is due to a professor who had no more desire to explain to his students over and over again why water boils and why the perpetual motion machine is not a good idea.
		Aerodynamics are nowadays primarily a topic for the racing cyclist.
	www.damonrinard.com /aero/aerodynamics.htm (2523 words)

	InsightCentral.net - Encyclopedia - Honda Insight Aerodynamics
		Regardless of what power source a car is using, the less its aerodynamic drag, the less energy will be needed to travel at any given speed.
		The Kamm back takes advantage of the fact that beyond a certain point there is little aerodynamic advantage to be gained by rounding off or tapering and extending the tail section of an automobile, so one might as well abruptly truncate it at that point.
		Another important aerodynamic detail that greatly contributes to the Insight body's low coefficient of drag is the careful management of underbody airflow.
	www.insightcentral.net /encyclopedia/enaero.html (590 words)

	Aerodynamics
		Aerodynamics seem tricky to most people,the area is probably the easiest area to understand, but the hardest to improve.
		I'll explain what aerodynamics are, how to improve them,and how most ground effects decrease the aerodynamic efficiency of a vehicle.
		Aerodynamics is simply how air flows over, under, and sideways a vehicle, whether it be a car, truck, airplane...etc. It is comprised of two main components: CD, or coeffient of drag; and frontal area (sq feet or sq meters in europe).
	www.geocities.com /MotorCity/7610/aerodyn.htm (1602 words)

	Bridge Aerodynamics Laboratory
		The Aerodynamics Laboratory is used to study the complex interactions between wind and bridges or other highway structures.
		The Aerodynamics Laboratory is the only wind-tunnel facility in the United States that is dedicated solely to the study of wind effects on transportation structures.
		It has the longest continuous history of exploring bridge aerodynamics to ensure the performance and safety of long-span bridges in strong winds and to advance our understanding of wind effects on transportation structures.
	www.tfhrc.gov /aerodynamics/index.htm (339 words)

	Aerodynamics of Cycling
		Aerodynamic drag of bikes and riders is measured in the wind tunnels by mounting the bike on a balance and blowing air over it, typically at 30 mph, and results are usually expressed in pounds of drag at 30 mph.
		The aerodynamic drag is related to the density and velocity of the air and to the frontal area and shape of the object in the wind stream by the following equation:
		Although much attention is focused on the aerodynamics of equipment, the most important aerodynamic consideration for a bike and rider combination is the rider.
	www.cervelo.com /content.aspx?m=Engineering&i=Aerodynamics (2186 words)

	Aerodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aerodynamic Drag increases as a square of the velocity.
		Ultimately, the amount of power needed to drive a vehicle is determined by the rolling resistance of the vehicles tyres and the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle.
		“Clean” aerodynamics are the key to moving an object through the air (or water) quickly while expending the least amount of energy.
	www.steamcar.co.uk /Design/Aerodynamics.htm (313 words)

	The Official Formula 1 Website (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aerodynamics have become key to success in the sport and teams spend tens of millions of dollars on research and development in the field each year.
		The aerodynamic designer has two primary concerns: the creation of downforce, to help push the car's tyres onto the track and improve cornering forces; and minimising the drag that gets caused by turbulence and acts to slow the car down.
		Despite the full-sized wind tunnels and vast computing power used by the aerodynamic departments of most teams, the fundamental principles of Formula One aerodynamics still apply: to create the maximum amount of downforce for the minimal amount of drag.
	www.formula1.com /insight/technicalinfo/11/468.html (722 words)

	Aerodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A simple definition of aerodynamics is the study of the flow of air around and through a vehicle, primarily if it is in motion.
		Drag, in vehicle aerodynamics, is comprised primarily of two forces.
		The chassis, as mentioned in the aerodynamics theory section above, is capable of being slightly lower to the ground in the front than in the rear.
	www.up22.com /Aerodynamics.htm (2900 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Technology: Aerospace: Aeronautics: Aerodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Investigates the significance of pressure distribution on an aerodynamic body and the estimation of lift, drag and pitching moment of an aerofoil from the pressure around it in flight.
		Aerodynamics in Plain English - A collection of 17 articles, for sale by the author, that explain the basic concepts in aerodynamics for students in k-12 and college.
		Aerodynamics of Bicycles - An practical introduction to the Aerodynamics of ground vehicles.
	dmoz.org /Science/Technology/Aerospace/Aeronautics/Aerodynamics (382 words)

	Amazon.ca: Aerodynamics for Engineers: Books: John J. Bertin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To provide the reader with the necessary background for high-speed aerodynamics, the basic fluid mechanic principles for compressible flows are discussed in Chapter 8, "Dynamics of a Compressible Flow Field." Thus, from a pedagogical point of view, the material presented in Chapter 8 complements the material presented in Chapters 1 through 4.
		In each of the chapters, the computed aerodynamic parameters are compared with experimental data from the open literature to illustrate both the validity of the theoretical analysis and its limitations (or, equivalently, the range of conditions for which the theory is applicable).
		Chapter 13 is titled "Aerodynamic Design Considerations," and Chapter 14 is titled "Tools for Defining the Aerodynamic Environment." Chapter 14 presents an explanation of the complementary role of experiment and of computation in defining the aerodynamic environment.
	www.amazon.ca /Aerodynamics-Engineers-John-J-Bertin/dp/0130646334 (1387 words)

	Links to Automotive Aerodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aerodynamics has always been an important aspect of automotive design and, because of the technical sophistication required, is likely to be the least understood.
		Some of the earliest serious efforts at aerodynamics were made by Jim Hall on his Chaparral series of cars and the wings added to the Formula 1 cars of the late 1960's.
		An article on aerodynamics in NASCAR from the Richmond (Virginia) Times.
	www.eng.vt.edu /fluids/msc/auto_a.htm (200 words)

	Amazon.fr : A History of Aerodynamics: And Its Impact on Flying Machines: Livres en anglais: John David Anderson,Jr. ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aerodynamic principles that make flight possible were little known or barely understood as recently as one hundred years ago.
		Although their roots can be found in the fluid dynamics of ancient Greek science, it was not until the scientific breakthroughs at the beginning of the twentieth century that it became possible to design successful flying machines.
		Links the theory of aerodynamics to the developmental history of flying machines, & touches on all the major theorists & their contributions & the historical context in which they worked to move the science of aerodynamics forward.
	www.amazon.fr /History-Aerodynamics-Impact-Flying-Machines/dp/0521669553 (419 words)

	Bicycle Aerodynamics, Eddy Merckx, Tour de France and Other Bicycling Sites (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There are also a number other aerodynamics links listed at the bottom of the page.
		Aerodynamics of Cycling ---- a brief overview from a student project, but it does have a reference list.
		Here is an excellent set of historical and scientific references on bicycle aerodynamics by Rainer Pivit.
	www.fluidmech.net /msc/bike.htm (373 words)

	NWTC: About the Program - Core Research: Areodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Understanding the effects of aerodynamics, or how the turbines interact with the wind, is crucial in designing wind turbines that will produce lower-cost electricity.
		Basic research to understand the effects of aerodynamics is crucial in designing wind turbines that will produce lower-cost electricity.
		The aerodynamic models used by designers today are based on simplified assumptions that are extremely difficult to test under natural atmospheric conditions.
	www.nrel.gov /wind/about_aerodynamics.html (573 words)

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