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Topic: Aerosol

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Aerosol spray

aerosol can

Liquid aerosol

Solid aerosol

Aerosol Dispenser

aerosol canisters

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	Particulate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sulfate aerosols [1] consists of the sulfate anion existing in various chemical states: sulfuric acid, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium sulfate, or as a dissociated anion in aqueous solution.
		Sea-salt aerosol [2], the second largest contributor the global aerosol budget, consists mainly of sodium chloride salt from seawater.
		the uncertainties relating to aerosol radiative forcings remain large, and rely to a large extent on the estimates from global modelling studies that are difficult to verify at the present time [5].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Particulate (1675 words)

	EO Library: What Are Aerosols? Fact Sheet
		Aerosol particles larger than about 1 micrometer in size are produced by windblown dust and sea salt from sea spray and bursting bubbles.
		Aerosols smaller than 1 micrometer are mostly formed by condensation processes such as conversion of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas (released from volcanic eruptions) to sulfate particles and by formation of soot and smoke during burning processes.
		It is thought that aerosol cooling may partially offset expected global warming that is attributed to increases in the amount of carbon dioxide from human activity.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Library/Aerosols (632 words)

	NASA GISS: Aerosol Workshop: Session 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To facilitate comparison between simulated and observed aerosol, all aerosol models should be either driven by observed meteorology or by a GCM that is nudged toward observed meteorology.
		Aerosol radiance (the difference between the true radiance and the radiance if aerosols were not present) should be used to evaluate aerosol models.
		The sulfate aerosol forcing, being largely governed by the relative humidity profile, is greater when the major portion of the columnar mass is located lower in the troposphere.
	www.giss.nasa.gov /meetings/aerosols97/session5.html (1744 words)

	Aerosol properties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aerosols are small (sub-micron to several microns) particles in suspension in the atmosphere.
		They can be directly emitted as particles (primary aerosols) into the atmosphere by volcanoes, through the effect of wind lifting dust particles in arid regions, from combustion during biomass burning, from sea spray, from vegetation etc. They can also be the result of chemical reactions (gas-to-particle conversion) (secondary aerosols).
		The urban aerosol is assumed to be composed of 80% rural aerosols and 20% soot (Shettle and Fenn, 1979).
	www.rap.ucar.edu /staff/tardif/Documents/CUprojects/ATOC5600/aerosol_properties.htm (1109 words)

	aerosol container - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about aerosol container (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aerosol cans contain material packed under pressure with a device for releasing it as a fine spray.
		Most aerosols used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as propellants until these were found to cause destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere.
		However, the early so-called ‘ozone-friendly’ replacement aerosols were found to also use ozone-depleting chemicals, although they are not as destructive as CFCs.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /aerosol+container (218 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Aerosol spray
		An aerosol spray is a canister holding a liquid under pressure from a pressurised vapour in equilibrium with a liquid which often also dissolves the payload (see propellant, below).
		When a valve is opened, the liquid is forced out of a small hole and emerges as an aerosol, or mist.
		Medicinal aerosols such as asthma inhalers use hydrofluoroalkanes (HFA): either HFA 134a (1,1,1,2,-tetrafluoroethane) or HFA 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) or a combination of the two.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Aerosol_spray (430 words)

	Aerosol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One discriminates between liquid aerosols as fog or mist and solid aerosols as smoke or dust.
		Scientists have much to learn about the way aerosols affect regional and global climate.
		They are unsure whether aerosols are warming or cooling our planet.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Aerosol (214 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Aerosols 'harm mother and baby'
		Frequent use during pregnancy and early childhood was linked with diarrhoea and earache in infants and headaches and depression in mothers.
		Daily use of aerosols such as polish, deodorant and hairspray was associated with a 30% increase in infant cases of diarrhoea, and also affected mothers' health.
		She said pregnant women and babies up to six months might be particularly susceptible to the effects of this, because they spend around 80% of their time at home.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/3752188.stm (629 words)

	Aerosol Propellants
		Self-pressurized, or aerosol, packaging is used in many consumer and industrial products ranging from spray paints, hairsprays, cleaning and household products to industrial sealants and lubricants.
		aerosol units were produced worldwide (excluding medical metered dose inhalers).
		In the United States, the most common aerosol propellants are hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and nitrogen; together, they account for nearly 95 percent of all aerosol units.
	www.arap.org /docs/aerosol.html (612 words)

	Remote Sensing Laboratories: Research
		Quantification of the change in upwelling top of atmosphere radiance due to the presence of tropospheric aerosols (aerosol optical effect) by means of airborne imaging spectroscopy is a prerequisite for spatial mapping of aerosol parameters, such as optical thickness and size distribution.
		The sensitivity of the aerosol-optical effect to different boundary layer aerosol regimes and surface reflectances is ascertained by means of the atmospheric radiative tranfer code Modtran 4.0 [1].
		Airborne imaging spectrometry data in 224 spectral bands at wavelengths between 400 and 2500 nm and 10 nm resolution, and a spatial ground resolution of 20 m are provided by the AVIRIS sensor [2].
	www.geo.unizh.ch /rsl/research/SpectroLab/atmosphere/aerosols.shtml (551 words)

	3.1 Sulfate Aerosol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The critical role of sulfate aerosol in climate is described by Charlson et al.
		The cooling and warming effects will not ``cancel'', however, since the distribution of anthropogenic aerosols is markedly different than that of greenhouse gases, and since aerosol abundance and physical and chemical properties---all of which strongly influence radiative transfer---are subject to significant spatial and temporal variability.
		It is often assumed that contributions of various species to scattering or absorption is additive, and aerosol optical properties are specified as mass scattering and absorption coefficients which are applied to total mass of the species present (e.g., Malm et al.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/kreide01/node4.html (377 words)

	Aerosol Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After the war, aerosols were adapted for a wide range of consumer and commercial products.
		Approximately 90% of aerosol cans are made of tinplated steel, and about 10% are made of aluminum.
		Most aerosol products made in the USA have not contained CFC's since 1978 when they were banned in the United States.
	www.aerosol.com (266 words)

	Aerosol Can Waste
		The empty aerosol cans generated in a month would normally need to be included in a facility's monthly hazardous waste totals unless they are managed as scrap metal.
		Aerosol can puncturing devices may be used to completely empty aerosol cans and also make them non-reactive.
		A punctured and drained aerosol can no longer exhibits the characteristic of reactivity and, unless it held “acutely hazardous” waste (this would be extremely unusual), may be disposed in the trash.
	www.deq.state.ne.us /Publica.nsf/c3b5a90ab813791606256ab600689f7b/896e0010ad295e78862569fb005614c4?OpenDocument (2178 words)

	Aerosol Association of Australia Inc
		Today's aerosol is the ultimate in modern, user-friendly technology.
		Over 10 billion aerosols are produced worldwide annually - proof of their popularity, convenience and value for money.
		Environmentally as well as technically, the aerosol has evolved to meet the needs of the twenty-first century.
	www.aerosol.com.au (147 words)

	GMD Aerosols Group
		Aerosol measurements began at the GMD baseline observatories in the mid-1970's as part of the Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change (GMCC) program.
		The goals of this regional-scale monitoring program are to characterize means, variability, and trends of climate-forcing properties of different types of aerosols, and to understand the factors that control these properties.
		In addition to long-term monitoring at the baseline and regional stations, the aerosol group participates in short term field campaigns to study specific regional issues.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /aero (328 words)

	Influence of Airspace Geometry and Surfactant on the Retention of Man-Made Vitreous Fibers (MMVF 10a)
		Briefly, aerosols were generated by jet nebulization of droplets of suspensions of MMVF 10a fibers (2 mg/mL in 100% ethanol) into a particle-free air stream.
		Aerosols were inhaled for 5-12 min, until a sufficient number of fibers for microscopic analysis were deposited.
		Effect of acid aerosol exposure on the surface properties of airway mucus.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2003/5888/5888.html (5489 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Aerosol Cans Work"
		It wasn't until World War II, when the U.S. military introduced an aerosol can for dispensing insecticide, that people fully realized the potential of the device.
		The easy-to-use cans were an invaluable aid for soldiers in the Pacific, where disease-carrying insects posed a deadly threat.
		Today, there are thousands of products packaged in aerosol cans -- everything from hair spray to cooking oil to medicine.
	science.howstuffworks.com /aerosol-can.htm (191 words)

	Think before you flush or brush (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		First is the confirmation of the existence of the aerosol effect, even though it is largely unrecognized.
		The alien would almost certainly not put your toothbrush in his mouth because, with its traditional, uncovered spot in the bathroom, it is one of the hotspots for fecal bacteria and germs spewed into the air by the aerosol effect (5).
		To limit the scope of the aerosol effect, the simplest method is to close the lid on the toilet every time before flushing (5).
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /biology/b103/f02/web2/stan.html (1492 words)

	Aerosol Operation Crimes & Cover Up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		These measurements show a rapid reduction in the transmission of sunlight from a value of 97% on a “clear day” to the lower level of approximately 80% during the early stages of heavy aerosol operations.
		These measurements have been taken to coincide with the photographs below that show the aircraft aerosol trails systematically increasing the extent of the aerosol bank.
		This is a result of a combination of factors, including the specific heats of the elements involved as well as the hygroscopic properties of the aerosols.
	www.carnicom.com /light1.htm (284 words)

	Aerosol Data
		The TOMS is the first instrument to allow observation of aerosols as the particles cross the land/sea boundary.
		After four years in orbit, the Earth Probe TOMS instrument is experiencing some wavelength-dependent calibration drift which is affecting the aerosol index calculation (whereas the effect on total ozone calculation is very small).
		The problem is being looked into which could lead to a re-computation of recent aerosol index values and re-generation of recent aerosol index images for Earth Probe TOMS.
	toms.gsfc.nasa.gov /aerosols/aerosols.html (232 words)

	Product Catalog - AutoFresh Aerosol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The industry-leading standard, the AutoFresh™ LCD Aerosol Dispenser uses Smart Chip technology to maximize odor control effectiveness and reduced cost-in-use.
		From our most advanced fully programmable LCD model, to our lowest cost economized dispenser, all TC aerosol dispensers are backed by a 10 Year Warranty.
		Dispenser set to operate for 30 days with standard TC aerosol refill or 90 days when using a Microburst® 9000 refill.
	www.technicalconcepts.com /pages/products/autofreshaero.htm (480 words)

	Aerosol Mass Spectrometry Web Page
		Information on aerosol mass spectrometry groups (with either custom or commercial instruments) that are not listed here is especially appreciated.
		"Aerosol -MS" is the measurement in real-time of the aerosol composition using a mass spectrometer.
		Chapter 6: A study of Secondary Organic Aerosols Formed from the Photooxidation of Anthropogenic and Biogenic Precursors in a Reaction Chamber
	cires.colorado.edu /~jjose/ams.html (2319 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Flammable Aerosol
		Use caution when using materials such as spray paints or aerosol solvents to avoid accidental ignition by a heat source or open flame.
		Some equipment may not be adequate to keep a flammable aerosol from flashing back into the container and result in an explosion or deflagration.
		This OSHA interpretation letter discusses flammable aerosol use with respect to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.107 and NFPA 33.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/flammableaerosol.html (251 words)

	Bland Aerosol Administration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For purposes of this guideline, bland aerosol administration includes the delivery of sterile water or hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic saline in aerosol form.(1) Bland aerosol administration may be accompanied by oxygen administration.
		Bland aerosol therapy can be administered in settings that include hospital, clinic, extended care facility, and home.
		Booths or stalls should be designed to provide adequate airflow to draw aerosol and droplet nuclei from the patient and into an appropriate filtration system with exhaust directed to an appropriate outside vent.
	www.rcjournal.com /online_resources/cpgs/blandcpg.html (1500 words)

	Southern Aerosol Technical Association
		To provide forums for the development and sharing of technical, regulatory and marketing information to enhance and promote the growth of the aerosol industry.
		SATA will be a proactive organization that influences actions affecting the aerosol industry.
		SATA will network with other aerosol organizations to continually build a true working alliance with a unified front.
	www.southernaerosol.com (128 words)

	Climate - Publications
		Gasso, S., and D. Hegg, 2003: On the retrieval of columnar aerosol mass and CCN concentration by MODIS.
		Kaufman, Y. Tanre, J.-F. Leon, and J. Pelon, 2003: Retrievals of profiles of fine and coarse aerosols using lidar and radiometric space measurements.
		Yu, H., R. Dickinson, M. Chin, Y. Kaufman, B. Holben, I. Geogdzhayev, and M. Mishchenko, 2003: Annual cycle of global distributions of aerosol optical depth from integration of MODIS retrievals and GOCART model simulations.
	climate.gsfc.nasa.gov /publications.php?y=2003 (1638 words)

	NRL Monterey Aerosol Links Page
		American Association for Aerosol Research 21st Annual Conference to be held October 7-11, 2002 at Adams Mark Hotel Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
		Photoxidants, Particles and Haze Across the Arctic and North Atlantic: Transport Observations and Models to be held 12-15 June 2001 at Tenafly, NJ
		Summary of Discussions from the Aerosol Breakout Session held in the ARM Science Team Meeting in San Antonio, TX on March 24-25, 1999
	www.nrlmry.navy.mil /aerosol/index_links.html (1232 words)

	Veröffentlichungen_2000
		BORRMANN, S., A. KHATTATOV and L. In-situ aerosol measurements in the northern hemispheric stratosphere of the 1996/97 winter on the Russian M-55 Geophysika high altitude research aircraft.
		DIEHL, K., O. MITRA, and H.R. A laboratory and theoretical study on the uptake of sulfur dioxide gas by small water drops containing hydrogen peroxide under laminar and turbulent conditions.
		Aerosol turbidity over the Angad area of MOROCCO.
	www.uni-mainz.de /FB/Physik/IPA/forschung/publikationen/dw_pub_v2000.htm (450 words)

	Aerosol definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Aerosol definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		In general, a fine mist or spray which contains minute particles.
		Please consult your healthcare provider before beginning any course of supplementation or treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2163 (205 words)

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