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Topic: Aerozine 50

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Areozine 50

Hypergolic

Titan III

Titan IV

Dinitrogen tetroxide

Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster

Hydrogen peroxide

Space Shuttle

Nitrogen tetroxide

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	Basic of Space Flight: Rocket Propellants
		Also commonly used are blended fuels, such as Aerozine 50 (or "50-50"), which is a mixture of 50% UDMH and 50% hydrazine.
		Aerozine 50 is almost as stable as UDMH and provides better performance.
		The Titan family of launch vehicles and the second stage of the Delta II rocket use NTO/Aerozine 50 propellant.
	www.braeunig.us /space/propel.htm (2429 words)

	fifty-fifty - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		map of the 50 states and their capitals, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii,...
		- period from age 50 to 59: the period of somebody's life from the age of 50 to 59
		50 States: map of the 50 states and their capitals
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/searchdetail.aspx?q=fifty-fifty&pg=1&grp=art (323 words)

	Spf 50
		The 50 Greatest Gadgets of the Past 50 Years - The following are The 50 Greatest Gadgets of the Past 50 Years as selected by PC World magazine in 2005.
		50 Pence - 50 Pence is the nom de plume of Liam Don, an artist spoofing Queens hip hop star 50 Cent, based in Watford, England.
		Aerozine 50 - Aerozine 50 is a 50/50 mix of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH).
	www.www-shoppen.com /spf50.html (918 words)

	Glencoe Science - Chemistry: Matter and Change - Problem of the Week - Chapter 14
		A variety of engines are used to propel spacecraft, from the huge Saturn V rockets used to put the Apollo missions into space to the attitude control thrusters that keep the spacecraft level while traveling.
		The lunar module descent engine burns a liquid fuel made of Aerozine 50, a 50/50 mixture of hydrazine and unsymmetric dimethyl hydrazine, and the oxidizer nitrogen tetroxide.
		A liquid hypergolic fuel is the principle behind the rocket's attitude correction motors where the mixing of two liquids produce spontaneous combustion and a jet of gases.
	www.glencoe.com /sec/science/chemistry/mc/pow/chapter14.shtml (408 words)

	Sunscreen Spf 50
		MW 50 - MW 50 was a 50-50 mixture of methanol and water (thus the name) that was sprayed into the supercharger of German aircraft engines primarily for its anti-detonant effect, allowing the use of increased boost pressures.
		50 Cent himself has been heavily involved in the game's creation, consulting on the game's mechanics sunscreen spf 50 and storyline sunscreen spf 50 and recording hours of in-game dialogue.
		50 runs, ducks, jumps, rolls sunscreen spf 50 and shoots in a fluid screen-relative, 3rd-person point of view.
	www.www-shoppen.com /sunscreenspf50.html (1017 words)

	Clavius: Vehicles - rocket engines
		The photo on the far left is a rocket burning Aerozine 50 and nitrogen tetroxide, the exact mixture of propellants used on the lunar module's ascent and descent stages.
		To ignite an Aerozine 50 engine, you typically first begin injecting nitrogen tetroxide into the combustion chamber, followed a split second later by the fuel.
		This is how an Aerozine 50 engine normally behaves in a vacuum, and it is entirely consistent with the video footage of the lunar module liftoff.
	www.clavius.org /techengine.html (1842 words)

	Artemis Project: All About Hydrazine
		Aerozine 50 is 50% UMDH and 50% N
		Methyl hydrazine (CH) has a density of 0.866 g/ml, a molecular weight of 46.07 g/mol, and is liquid between -52.4 C and 87.5 C. Dimethyl hydrazine ([CH) has a density of 0.791 g/ml, a molecular weight of 60.10 g/mol, and is liquid between -58 C and 63.9 C. Its usual oxidiser, nitrogen tetroxide (N
		The normal 8-hour OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 1 ppm, and the immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) value is 50 ppm.
	www.asi.org /adb/04/03/09/hydrazine-info.html (1541 words)

	LM News Reference: Main Propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In the ascent and descent propulsion sections, the injection ratio of oxidizer to fuel is approximately 1.6 to 1, by weight.
		The fuel is a blend of hydrazine (N2H4) and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), commercially known as Aerozine 50.
		The orifices trim the pressure differentials of the fuel and oxidizer to determine the mixture ratio of the propellants.
	www.apollosaturn.com /Lmnr/mp.htm (6175 words)

	Titan (launch vehicle)
		The transtage used twin Aerojet engines that burned Aerozine 50 and nitrogen tetroxide liquid fuel.
		Each engine could produce a thrust of 35,500 N, giving the Transtage a total thrust of 71,000 N. The Titan IIIA was later modified to carry an Agena third stage in a version introduced as the Titan IIIB Agena.
		Five distinct versions of the Titan IV were created to handle a variety of military payloads and mission objectives.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/T/Titan_rocket.html (2522 words)

	Hydrazine (Doug Jones; Henry Spencer)
		I have an engineering drawing of the >LEM with "Aerozene 50" tanks indicated while the consensus in this >group is that it is the latter "Aerozine 50".
		The major survivors have been the pure compounds plus 50-50 (aka Aerozine 50 etc.), with hydrazine and MMH used as spacecraft propellants and UDMH and 50-50 used in larger applications.
		Hydrazine has the best performance (and is also useful as a monopropellant), MMH is more stable and gives the highest performance when freezing point is an issue (Galileo uses MMH), UDMH is still more stable and is usable in big regeneratively-cooled engines, and 50-50 is almost as stable as UDMH and performs better.
	yarchive.net /space/rocket/fuels/hydrazine.html (1056 words)

	Titan III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first, the Titan 3A-1, has two LR87 liquid propellant rocket engines that features structurally independent tanks for its fuel (Aerozine 50) and oxidizer (Nitrogen Tetroxide).
		Designated as LGM-25C, the Titan II was the largest missile at the time, to be developed by the USAF.
		The Titan II had newly developed engines which used Aerozine 50 and Nitrogen Tetroxide as fuel and oxidizer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Titan_III (709 words)

	Second Stage
		The second stage of the Delta II is an Aero jet AJ10-118K engine.
		The fuel used in this engine is a combination of Aerozine 50 and nitrogen tetroxide (N
		Aerozine 50 is a 50/50 mix of hydrazine and asymmetric dimethyl- hydrazine.
	library.thinkquest.org /03oct/02144/mars/launch/s2.htm (288 words)

	PDS Host Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Delta II 7925 second stage propulsion system included a restartable, liquid bi-propellant Aerojet AJ10-118K engine that consumed Aerozine 50 fuel (a 50/50 mix of hydrazine and asymmetric dimethyl hydrazine) and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4).
		Since Aerozine 50 and nitrogen tetroxide are hypergolic, no catalyst or igniter in the engine thrust chamber was required.
		The second stage had a total propellant load of 6000 kg and provided a thrust of 42,000 N. Gaseous helium was used for pressurization, and a nitrogen cold gas jet system provided attitude control during coast periods and roll control during powered flight.
	starbrite.jpl.nasa.gov /pds/viewHostProfile.jsp?INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID=MPFL (2739 words)

	Rocket fuel: just out of interest - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum
		My question: Why is it that MMH seems to be preferred for low thrust engines such as the RCS, while Aerozine 50 seems to be preferred for higher thrust engines.
		Also, it is clear that the advantage of hypergolic fuel in systems such as the LM are useful because they don't need an ignitor, so that is one less thing that can fail.
		Nevertheless the storability problem didn't go away, so that was the impetus for research into longer-burning solid fuels and ways of packing it in rocket casings that would ensure steady thrust.
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?t=4774 (1756 words)

	Apollo 13 Spacecraft
		The descent stage contained the landing rocket, two tanks of aerozine 50 fuel, two tanks of nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer, water, oxygen and helium tanks and storage space for the lunar equipment and experiments, and in the case of Apollo 15, 16, and 17, the lunar rover.
		The stage also contained an aerozine 50 fuel and an oxidizer tank, and helium, liquid oxygen, gaseous oxygen, and reaction control fuel tanks.
		A control console was mounted in the front of the crew compartment above the ingress-egress hatch and between the windows and two more control panels mounted on the side walls.
	members.tripod.com /~apollo13page/spacecraft.html (1727 words)

	Nitrogen Tetroxide & Aerozine 50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Nitrogen Tetroxide and Aerozine 50 is the one propellant in which the author's calculations vary significantly from practice.
		In actual use, mixture ratios near 1.90 are commonly used.
		The chart below gives optimum mixture ratios as calculated by the author.
	www.braeunig.us /space/comb-NA.htm (40 words)

	Xenophilia - Moon Hoax Debate
		The lunar lander's ascent engine used Aerozine 50, a trade name for a half-and-half mixture of hydrazine and unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) developed for the Titan 2.
		The photo on the far left is a rocket burning Aerozine 50 and nitrogen tetroxide, the exact mixture of propellants used on
		Nitrogen tetroxide produces an opque orange vapor cloud on contact with air, and Aerozine 50 produces a white vapor cloud.
	www.xenophilia.com /zb0003b.htm (2891 words)

	CloudSat - Mission: Home
		The Delta's second stage is powered by a restartable Aerojet AJ10-118K engine, which produces about 42,703 newtons (9,600 pounds) of thrust.
		The engine uses a fuel called Aerozine 50, which is a mixture of hydrazine and dimethyl hydrazine, reacted with nitrogen tetroxide as an oxidizer.
		Unlike spacecraft sent to other planets, comets or asteroids, the launches of Earth-orbiting satellites such as CloudSat and CALIPSO do not need to be timed based on the alignment of the planets.
	cloudsat.atmos.colostate.edu /mission (693 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Titan Launch Report \| Cape's goodbye to Titan 4 rocket temporarily delayed
		But difficulties loading storable propellants into the first and second stages earlier this week forced delays to Monday, then Tuesday and now the Air Force has no official target date selected.
		Problems cropped up when technicians were preparing to pump Aerozine 50 fuel -- a mixture of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethyl-hydrazine -- and nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer into the two stages.
		The first and second stages have since been filled with the Aerozine 50 propellant.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /titan/b30/050407delay.html (937 words)

	Titan Rocket Booster - Chemical Soup on the Grand Banks :: Canadian Democratic Movement :: Alternative News Media on ...
		The following is a breakdown of the lovely soup that the American government saw fit to dump off our coast.
		Aerozine 50 is a 50/50 mix of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH).
		It is used as a rocket fuel, typically with nitrogen tetroxide as the oxidizer, with which it ignites on contact.
	www.canadiandemocraticmovement.ca /index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=659&theme=Printer (983 words)

	[No title]
		The first stage includes one Rocketdyne RS-27 and two LR-101-NA-11 vernier engines; both use RP-1 (refined kerosene) and LO2 (liquid oxygen) as its propellants, with a thrust of 101,250 kiloNewtons.
		The second stage is a restartable Aerojet AJ10-110K motor using N2O4 (nitrogen tetroxide) and A50 (Aerozine 50) propellants with a thrust of 4,050 kiloNewtons.
		The payload assist module, if used, is a Star-48B solid-fuel rocket with a 6,750 kiloNewton thrust.
	www.lycos.com /info/rockets--fuel.html (331 words)

	Mars Pathfinder Lander Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This assembly carried loads to the first stage, and contained an exhaust vent and six spring driven separation rods.
		Since Aerozine 50 and nitrogen tetroxide are hypergolic, no catalyst or igniter in the engine thrust chamber was required.
		The second stage had a total propellant load of 6000 kg and provided a thrust of 42,000 N. Gaseous helium was used for pressurization, and a nitrogen cold gas jet system provided attitude control during coast periods and roll control during powered flight.
	pds-imaging.jpl.nasa.gov /data/mpfl-m-imp-2-edr-v1.0/mpim_0003/document/insthost.htm (2789 words)

	Hydrazine Blending and Storage Facility Interim Response Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The primary operation at the HBSF was blending anhydrous hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) to produce Aerozine 50.
		Blending operations were not continuous and occurred in response to specific requests by other agencies.
		Other operations which supported the fundamental mission at the HBSF included loading and unloading rail cars and tanker trucks, destruction of off-specification Aerozine 50, and storage of Aerozine 50, anhydrous hydrazine, monomethyl hydrazine (MMH), monopropellent hydrazine, hydrazine 70, and UDMH.
	www.pmrma.army.mil /cleanup/facts/hydrazin.html (622 words)

	Dynasoar
		On the other hand the USAF evaluators were not happy with intermediate research vehicles with no potential for development into an operational weapons system - as had been proposed by most bidders.
		This would finally be followed by 50 operational X-20B flights between FY 1965 and FY 1972, at a further additional cost of $1.2 billion.
		An alternate to production of the X-20B was the development of the X-20X, with two crew, 14 days mission endurance, and ability to manoeuvre to 1600 km altitude orbits.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/dynasoar.htm (11693 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Delta Launch Report \| Mission Status Center
		The vehicle's first stage was successfully loaded with RP-1 kerosene fuel along with the liquid oxygen over the past hour-and-a-half.
		The second stage was filled with its storable nitrogen tetroxide and Aerozine 50 fuels a few days ago.
		The nine strap-on booster rockets and third stage use solid propellants.
	spaceflightnow.com /delta/d321/status.html (3606 words)

	Rocket Science Books: Performance and Properties of Liquid Propellants
		All useful liquid fuels and oxidizers are included, from Aerozine blends to UDMH.
		There's also a thorough presentation and discussion on computing performance, and how to apply these theoretical calculations in rocket engine design.
		50% Hydrazine + 50% Monomethyl Hydrazine with Nitrogen Tetroxide
	rocketsciencebooks.home.att.net /liquids.html (653 words)

	Footprints on the Moon - About the Lunar Lander Rocket Engine
		The astronauts needed the ability to fully control their descent and to 'hover' over the lunar surface and change the landing site as required.
		NASA dictated that hypergolic propellants, DiNitrogen Tetroxide and AeroZine 50 (50% Hydrazine, 50% Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine), would be used.
		Using hypergolics removed the need for a separate ignition system.
	www.abc.net.au /science/moon/rocket.htm (480 words)

	Test and Evaluation Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions with Personal Computer (PC) Annex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A unit of signaling speed equal to the number of discrete signal conditions, variations, or events per second.
		NOTE: If the duration of the unit interval is 20 milliseconds, the signaling speed is is 50 baud.
		If the signal transmitted during each unit interval can take on any one of M discrete states, the bit rate is equal to the rate in baud times log2M.
	www.jcte.jcs.mil /htdocs/dodinfo/acronyms/list.html (4995 words)

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