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Topic: Aestivation

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	HIBERNATION (winter sl... - Online Information article about HIBERNATION (winter sl...
		Similarity, moreover, between hibernation and aestivation is shown not only in their physiological accompaniments but also in the species of animals which become seasonally dormant.
		In hot-blooded vertebrates, on the contrary, the phenomena are non-existent so far as birds are concerned; aestivation is of very rare occurrence in mammalia, while hibernation is practised by a comparatively small number of species; and in these the faculty of temperature adjustment appears to be temporarily at all events in abeyance.
		The aestivating burrow of the Brazilian mudfish (Lepidosiren) is similar, except that the lid is perforated with several apertures.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HIBERNATION_winter_sleep_.html (7544 words)

	Leguminosae - LoveToKnow Watches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		4 [3]), and the sepals and petals have a valvate aestivation, and are generally pentamerous, but 3-6-merous flowers also occur.
		The sepals are free, or the two upper ones united as in tamarind, and imbricate in aestivation, rarely as in the Judastree (fig.
		The corolla shows great variety in form; it is imbricate in aestivation, the posterior petal being innermost.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Leguminosae (2293 words)

	Abrictosaurus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thulborn, due to their tooth replacement patterns, hypothesized that heterodontosaurids underwent periods of aestivation (hibernation during hot and/or dry seasons).
		James Hopson emphatically did not believe in heterodontosaurid aestivation, and to illustrate this, created the new name "wakeful lizard" in 1975 after discovering a more complete skull.
		The holotype is an incomplete juvenile skull and skeleton, found in Lesotho.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abrictosaurus (496 words)

	GRDC - Advice Sheets - A year in the life of white and conical snails in southern Australia (2001)
		During aestivation they are withdrawn in their shell and the shell opening is blocked with several layers of dry mucus.
		Breathing of aestivating snails is reduced and the body water content falls.
		Dry conditions in late summer to early autumn delay the emergence of snails from aestivation and subsequent feeding and breeding.
	www.grdc.com.au /growers/as/conical_snails.htm (1031 words)

	Liguus Ecology
		Aestivation usually begins around the first cool weather in October or November.
		A typical Liguus population structure within an undisturbed hammock is comprised of definite age classes; 25% - 2 yrs, 40% - 3 yrs, 20% - 4 yrs, 8% - 5 yrs and 5% - 6 yrs.
		The Liguus breaks out of aestivation during the beginning of the rainy season in April or May. This breakout does not occur simultaneously throughout the South Florida area.
	www.geocities.com /Eureka/Gold/9440/liguus/ecolpg.html (955 words)

	Aestivation - of Eating Disorders and lunfish. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Metabolic processes are greatly reduced and the fish enter a state of aestivation, a form of extreme hibernation.
		Aestivation does, however, allow some lungfish to survive situations that otherwise they would not, and when the lakes or rivers refill with water the lungfish re-emerge to continue their lives.
		It would, I think, be stretching analogy too far to suggest that an eating disorder, like aestivation, is in any way an evolutionary survival adaptation but, in some instances within the context of the emotional and psychological environment, and seeing an eating disorder as a coping mechanism, there are striking parallels.
	swedauk.org /disorders/aes.htm (968 words)

	aestivation of sepals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Aestivation is the manner the five different sepals of Antirrhinum majus overlap.
		The sepals are enumerated from 1 to five beginning with the left sepal on lower side of the flower and numbering 2 the sepal most close to the stem.
		In Klemm M. the aestivation of three inflorescences (of "normal" genotype) is given starting from the first (lowermost) flower:
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/library/snapdragon/aestivation.html (185 words)

	Malvaceae - LoveToKnow 1911
		The parts of the flowers are typically in fives (fig.
		1); the five sepals, which have a valvate aestivation, are succeeded by five often large showy petals which are twisted in the bud; they are free to the base, where they are attached to the staminal tube and fall with it when the flower withers.
		The very numerous stamens are regarded as arising from the branching of a whorl.of five opposite the petals; they are united into a tube at the base, and bear kidney-shaped one-celled anthers which open by a slit across the top (fig.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Malvaceae (695 words)

	Ecology of apple snails (Ampullariidae).
		During aestivation, the snails bury in the mud and their metabolism slows down.
		The snail species that aestivate in the dry mud need to reduce their oxygen consumption, as this is hardly available in dry mud.
		The eggs are brooded in this incubation chamber closed of with the mother's operculum (shell-door), while the snail aestivates in the dry mud during the dry season.
	www.applesnail.net /content/ecology.php (3870 words)

	Testudo kleinmanni: Housing in captivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		There is some evidence that this period of aestivation is a necessary part of preparation for breeding, even in captivity.
		I believe their need for (and the incumbent need for keepers to provide for their use of) microclimate humidity spots in captive care regimens is probably greater than caresheets generally have provided for.
		The basking area is kept warm to a constant 95ºF during the May to September "dry season" to assist in stimulating aestivation, and a constant 85ºF from October to April in order to encourage maximum activity among the tortoises.
	home.earthlink.net /~fridjian/id4.html (1786 words)

	Eranthis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The leaves only expand fully when the flowers are nearly finished; they are peltate, 5-8 cm diameter, with several notches, and only last for 2-3 months before dying down during the late spring.
		The genus exhibits aestivation, growing on forest floors and using the sunshine available below the canopy of deciduous trees before the leaves come out; the leaves die off when the shade from tree canopies becomes dense, or, in dry areas, when summer drought reduces water availability.
		They are popular ornamental plants grown for their winter or early spring flowering.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eranthis (219 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Biology - Especialização e supressão metabólicas durante períodos de estivação do peixe ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It aestivates during the dry season, and has developed metabolic adaptations to cope with both flooding and drought.
		Aestivating Lepidosiren paradoxa (n = 7) were captured at Lago do Canteiro on Careiro Island in the Amazon River, during the descending water level period (August, 1997), when they were burrowed in the mud.
		The main evidence for occurrence of metabolic depression is the abscence of: glycogen depletion, lactate accumulation, change in lactate/pyruvate ratio, change in adenylate concentrations, or significant creatine phosphate depletion in epaxial muscles during submergence (Dunn et al., 1983).
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842002000300014&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en (3537 words)

	Frogs muscle-in on 'wasting' process
		Dr Hudson is part of a collaborative team of researchers, from CLI and the University of Queensland (UQ) who hypothesise that the mechanisms underlying the frog's ability to maintain muscle mass despite starvation, could provide natural and novel ways of optimising muscle production from cattle, sheep, pigs and goats.
		Dr Hudson is using microarray technology to compare gene expression in the muscles and other tissues of the frog and cattle.
		Genes that are active during aestivation will be used to identify related genes in cattle, for further study.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-06/ca-fmo062204.php (380 words)

	Tropical Resources - View topic - Primitive Fishes of Four Continents - August 2005 edition
		Aestivation (or estivation...both are correct) is generally an organism's response to hot, dry conditions.
		Generally, fish aestivate by burrowing into the mud or other substrate as the water in their environment disappears.
		Lungfish are the most famous of the fish capable of aestivation but they are not the only ones.
	www.tropicalresources.net /phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=11045 (2751 words)

	Polymita Home Page
		Aestivation usually begins around the first dry weather in
		lateral varices or growth marks indicating the yearly arrest in growth which occurs during aestivation.
		breaks out of aestivation during the beginning of the rainy season in April or May.
	www.geocities.com /Eureka/Gold/9440/polymita/polyeco.html (549 words)

	Untitled Document
		A lungfish that is aestivating will stay in its cocoon for 3-4 months of dry season.
		During this period of aestivation, a lungfish's metabolism is reduced and its oxygen consumption falls.
		When the rain begins, the tube leading to its mouth fills with water, air can no longer reach the lungs, and the animal is awakened or would otherwise be asphyxiated.
	www.colszoo.org /animalareas/shores/aflung.html (270 words)

	A frog's life is food for thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		They brought the frogs back to the laboratory where one group was kept in aestivation while the other group were not allowed to aestivate and were fed regularly.
		Ms Cramp's results show that animals can maintain the functional capacity of the gut during aestivation despite significant energetic cost, allowing them to digest food as soon as they resurface from aestivation.
		"Despite the marked decrease in absorptive surface area of the gut of aestivating frogs, they appear to actually increase their absorptive capacity during aestivation," she said.
	www.foodconsumer.org /777/8/article_431.shtml (632 words)

	Testudo kleinmanni: Life in Captivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		There is some evidence that this period of quiet during hot summer months may play a key role in preparing the animal to breed.
		A page on aestivation will be added to this site at a later time after further research.
		My preliminary observation is that encouraging aestivation will in large measure depend on simulating to significant degree those climate patterns, changes, and extremes to which kleinmanni are subject in the wild.
	home.earthlink.net /~fridjian/id2.html (1450 words)

	Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research :
		Data within the cages were collected on beetle development throughout the life-cycle, reproductive rate, damage to saltcedar, over-wintering/diapause, and aestivation.
		Because permits were not issued for release at many of the sites until mid-July, we were able to conduct research on more than one generation only at two approved nursery cage sites where beetles were released in 1998.
		Upon searching, several adults were found aestivating on the soil beneath a mat of dead grass.
	www.ars.usda.gov /Research/docs.htm?docid=6937 (8311 words)

	Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences - Vol. 1, No. 2 (2002)
		A number of freshly infected snails were aestivated with one, two, four and six miracidia.
		Cercariae produced post- aestivation did not increase as the number of infecting miracidia increased.
		Snails aestivated with one miracidium produced more cercariae than those aestivated with six miracidia post aestivation, while those aestivated with two and four miracidia emitted the most number of cercariae.
	www.ajol.info /viewarticle.php?id=2380&jid=67&layout=abstract (233 words)

	Aestivation
		To survive the dry down, apple snails aestivate (go into a state of dormancy).
		Aestivation is accomplished by sealing off the aperture (the opening of the shell) with the operculum (a part of the foot that covers the aperture).
		Most Florida adult snails can survive 3-4 months in aestivation, but newly hatched snails are too small to survive dry conditions.
	cars.er.usgs.gov /sofla/Apple_Snail/General_Biology/Aestivation/aestivation.html (127 words)

	Urea synthesis in the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi - hepatic carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and glutamine ...
		Basins, the slender lungfish Protopterus dolloi aestivates on
		Partial amino acid catabolism leading to the formation of alanine in Periophthalmodon schlosseri (mudskipper): a strategy that facilitates the use of amino acids as an energy source during locomotory activity on land.
		Nitrogen metabolism in the African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi) aestivating in a mucus cocoon on land
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/20/3615 (5405 words)

	Saffron Encyclopedia Articles @ NaturalResearch.org (Natural Research) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The corms are small brown globules up to 4.5 cm in diameter and are shrouded in a dense mat of parallel fibers.
		After a period of aestivation in summer, five to eleven narrow and nearly vertical green leaves—growing up to 40 cm in length—emerge from the ground.
		Only in October, after most other flowering plants have released their seeds, does it develop its brilliantly-hued flowers, ranging from a light pastel shade of lilac to a darker and more striated mauve.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Saffron (4214 words)

	Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences - Vol. 2, No. 2 (2003)
		Batches 1, 2 and 3 consisted of uninfected snails aestivated for 7, 14 and 21 days respectively.
		The fourth group had snails which been infected with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia and then aestivated 7 days post miracidial exposure, for one week.
		Results obtained showed that there was a significant increase in the growth of reactivated infected and uninfected snails.
	www.ajol.info /viewarticle.php?id=8933 (221 words)

	Galit Alon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Desert snails are known to be in an inactive stage - aestivation, during over 90% of the year.
		In the remaining short period of 20 to 30 days, they need to fulfill all their biological functions, including feeding, mating, laying eggs, and preparing themselves for the long aestivation period.
		The goal of this study is to examine the levels of sex hormones (Testosterone, Estrogen and Progesterone) of desert snails (Sphincterochila zonata and Sphincterochila prophetarum) at different stages of activity during the year.
	www.biu.ac.il /LS/Services/TerresEco/Galit.html (90 words)

	Life History
		During the dry season, they seal themselves to tree trunks and branches to conserve vital body moisture and are in a state of inactivity, called aestivation.
		They may temporarily emerge from aestivation, however, if rains occur during the dry season.
		Adults also emerge from aestivation at this time and the cycle begins anew.
	cars.er.usgs.gov /sofla/Tree_Snail/General_Biology/Life_History/life_history.html (252 words)

	Uintah Ground Squirrel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In the winter these squirrels hibernate, and in the summer they aestivate (that is become dormant for the summer).
		Adults begin aestivation in July whereas juveniles do not go into aestivation until later.
		From aestivation they go directly into the long period of hibernation, where they will remain until March or April.
	www.avidpets.com /Rodents/uintah-ground-squirrel.htm (686 words)

	Spotted Turtle
		In the morning they can be found basking on downed cattails or on sedge hummocks and they usually feed on crustaceans in the afternoon and evening.
		In summer most spotted turtles go into aestivation, a period of hot-weather dormancy, usually in fields or woodlands.
		They may also aestivate in soft-bottomed pools of water.
	www.marshall.edu /herp/Old/spottedturtle.htm (511 words)

	Floral ontogeny in Sophoreae(Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). III. Radial symmetry and random petal aestivation in Cadia ...
		Petal aestivation is variable, unlike the great majority of
		and atypically unstable petal aestivation (van der Maesen, 1970
		variable petal aestivation was studied by van der Maesen (1970)
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/5/748 (3941 words)

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