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Topic: Afars and Issas

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History of Djibouti

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National anthem of Djibouti

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Race Riot

	Djibouti: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1946 French Somaliland acquired the status of an overseas territory (from 1967 called the French Territory of the Afars and Issas), and in 1958 it voted to become an overseas territorial member of the French Community under the Fifth Republic.
		Afars, 35 per cent of the population, complained of political and economic discrimination.
		The Issas, 60 per cent of the population and hold key positions in the Government, refuted all accusations of favoritism, and supported Gouledâs radical policies to neutralize the opposition.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=10 (1719 words)

	Territory of the Afars and Issas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The territory of the Afars and the Issas was known as French Somali Coast till 1967.
		As the Territory of the Afars and the Issas, it remained part of the French republic until 1977, when it gained independence despite conflicting Ethiopian and Somali claims, and became Bjibouti.
		Formerly known as the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, Djibouti became independent in 1977.
	www.geocities.com /tsuribaka/affars.htm (124 words)

	Djibouti Country Guide - History and Government - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1945, French Somaliland (as the area was called) was declared an ‘overseas territory’ and in 1967, it became the French territory of the ‘Afars and Issas’.
		Tensions between the Afars, the Issas and the French led to sporadic outbreaks of violence during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
		A sizeable French military presence in the country guaranteed the Gouled regime, which was threatened by organised opposition — both inside the country and abroad — and by the instability of its larger neighbours, Somalia and Ethiopia and, later on, Eritrea.
	www.worldtravelguide.net /data/dji/dji580.asp?RegionsMenu=Down (520 words)

	Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the on Encyclopedia.com
		Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the
		Pictures and Maps for: Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/x/x-a1farsn1i1s.asp (150 words)

	History of Djibouti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the successor to French Somaliland (later called the French Territory of the Afars and Issas), which was created in the first half of the 19th century as a result of French interest in the Horn of Africa.
		In June 1976, the territory's citizenship law, which favored the Afar minority, was revised to reflect more closely the weight of the Issa Somali.
		Civil war broke out in 1991, between the government and a predominantly Afar rebel group, the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Djibouti (1052 words)

	Gem, Rock, and Mineral Postage Stamps From Afars & Issas
		Afars & Issas : Scott 350 : 15 francs : 8 Oct 1971
		Afars & Issas : Scott 352 : 40 francs : 25 Jan 1971
		Afars & Issas : Scott C101 : 85 francs : 25 Oct 1974
	stampmin.home.att.net /afi.htm (175 words)

	Boosting a Dictator
		Whenever the Issas aim to conquer a city or a region, and terrorize the Afars and Oromos in their own land, the first thing they do is to fly the Djibouti and Somali region flag.
		The Afars never left their areas and went to cities such as Bieke, Shinille, Dawele and Adigala to attack the Issas, the Issas are killing numerous Afars in the hinterland of Afarland.
		We Afars residing in North America condomn the genocide that is being committed against our people and we demand that the federal government stop its indifference and begin to protect the lives of innocent Afars and their property.
	www.tigrai.org /News/Articles1/AANA.html (1487 words)

	Issa -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Somalis, including the Issa and other clans, are the largest group and are found mostly in the south and east.
		The Afar, who are kin to the Ethiopians, are concentrated in the north and west.
		The Afar were the first of the present-day inhabitants to arrive.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042989?tocId=9042989 (528 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is the successor to the French Territory of the Afars and Issas, which was created in the first half of the 19th century as a result of French interest in the Horn of Africa.
		However, it is the Issas who presently dominate the government, civil service, and the ruling party, a situation that has bred resentment and political competition between the Somali Issas and the Afars.
		The Afars won few concessions, the most noteworthy of which was the appointment of two additional Afars to cabinet posts.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/af/djibouti9603.html (2438 words)

	Djibouti page
		This territory has been known as French Somaliland and in the last years of the colonial regime was the French Territory of the Afars and Issas.
		The Issas are a clan of the Somali people; the Afars are found mainly in Ethiopia.
		The exclusion of the Afars is already leading to an incipient civil war.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/egmatthews/worldinfo/africa/djibouti.html (383 words)

	Drought stimulates outbreaks of violence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The shooting, which took place in late October, is believed to be part of increasing tensions in the Afar Regional State sparked by a severe drought affecting many parts of the country.
		Skirmishes between Afars and Issas have been gradually escalating over the years with the Afars accusing the Issas of persistently encroaching on their territory from the southeast.
		Regional government officials have been in talks with the Issas in an effort to resolve the tensions and calm the situation.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=30834 (476 words)

	Djibouti
		The country, the size of Massachusetts, is mainly a stony desert, with scattered plateaus and highlands.
		It was renamed the Territory of the Afars and Issas in 1967 and took the name of its capital city on June 27, 1977, when France transferred sovereignty to the new independent nation of Djibouti.
		In 1991, conflict between the Afars and the Issa-dominated government erupted and the continued warfare has ravaged the country.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107467.html (589 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Djibouti
		Djibouti was formerly known as the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas.
		The electorate voted for independence in a May 1977 referendum, and the Republic of Djibouti was established on June 27, 1977.
		The indigenous population is divided between the majority Somalis (predominantly of the Issa tribe, with minority Issak and Gadaboursi representation) and the Afars (Danakils).
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/djibouti.html (3095 words)

	ZUJI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Issas demonstrated against the colonial powers in 1949, agitating for reunification of Italian, British and French Somaliland and the expulsion of all colonial powers.
		A 60% vote for continued French rule in 1967 was achieved largely by the massive expulsion of ethnic Somalis and the arrest of opposition leaders, and caused serious riots in the capital.
		In November 1991, Afar rebels launched a civil war in their traditional territory in the north of the country.
	www.zuji.com /dest/guide/0,1277,ZUJIHK\|240\|856\|1,00.html (605 words)

	Djibouti History
		Ismail Omar Guelleh took the oath of office as the second President of the Republic of Djibouti on May 8, 1999, with the support of an alliance between the RPP and the government-recognized section of the Afar-led FRUD.
		However, the Issas presently dominate the government, civil service, and the ruling party, a situation that has bred resentment and political competition between the Somali Issas and the Afars.
		In early November 1991, civil war erupted in Djibouti between the government and a predominantly Afar rebel group, the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD).
	www.multied.com /NationbyNation/Djibouti/history2.html (1464 words)

	Djibouti Regions
		The name was changed to Afars and Issas, after the two major ethnic groups, in 1967.
		English: Republic of Djibouti (formal), Afars and Issas (obsolete), French Somaliland (obsolete), Jibuti (obsolete), Somali Coast (obsolete)
		Afar gabod: basketwork tray, which Arabic traders adapted to Gabuti to refer to a cape (promontory) with a similar shape.
	www.statoids.com /udj.html (340 words)

	French Somali Coast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1967 it became the territory of the Afars and the Issas.
		As the Territory of the Afars and the Issas, it remained part of the French republic until 1977, when it gained independence
		Since independence Djibouti (former territory of the Afars and the Issas) tried to remain neutral in conflicts between and within Ethiopia and Somalia.Djibouti is a tiny, impoverished republic situated just north of the Horn of Africa, on the strait of Bab el-Mandeb, the gateway to the Red Sea.
	home.planet.nl /~bakk4502/African_Stamps/france/somalicoast.htm (103 words)

	FACT SHEET: The Republic of Djibouti at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Arab traders controlled the region until the 16th century, but the Afar sultans of Obock and Tadjoura were in charge by the time the French arrived in 1862.
		In July 1967, a directive from Paris formally changed the name of the region to the French Territory of Afars and Issas.
		Somali 60 percent Somalis (predominantly of the Issa tribe, with minority Issak and Gadaboursi representation) and the Afars (Danakils), Afar 35 percent, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5 percent.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/africa/djibouti/index.shtml (998 words)

	AllRefer.com - Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the (Djibouti Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the (Djibouti Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the, Djibouti Political Geography
		Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the: see Djibouti, republic.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-AfarsNIs.html (152 words)

	Afars Items (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		French Territory of Afars and Issas 1971 De Gaulle FU FDI
		AFARS ET ISSAS, 1969 Cathedral deluxe s/s epreuve
		French Afars and Issas, 2 and 5 Francs, 1975, Bright Unc.
	www.chimerasoft.com /afars.html (122 words)

	Djibouti information facts and data
		The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977.
		Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990's led to multi-party elections resulting in President Ismail Omar GUELLEH attaining office in May 1999.
		A peace accord in 2001 ended the final phases of a ten-year uprising by Afar rebels.
	www.ciaworldfactbook.info /djibouti.html (185 words)

	Djibouti (10/05)
		Ethnic groups: Somalis (Issaks, Issas, and Gadaboursis), Afars, Ethiopians, Arab, French, and Italian.
		The indigenous population is divided between the majority Somalis (predominantly of the Issa tribe, with minority Issaq and Gadabursi representation) and the Afars (Danakils).
		The RPP won all 65 seats in the national assembly, with a turnout of less than 50% of the electorate.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5482.htm (3351 words)

	Djibouti map and information page by World Atlas
		The tiny country of Djibouti is strategically situated between the western edge of the Gulf of Aden, and the entrance to the Red Sea.
		The Afars, descendants of 3rd century settlers, and the Issas from Somalia, are the country's two main ethnic groups.
		Renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967, Djibouti remained its capital.
	www.worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/africa/dj.htm (511 words)

	Eastern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and Issas in 1967.
		It has a Sunni Muslim population of Afars, Issas, Arabs and Somalis, some Europeans (mostly French) and refugees from Eithiopia and Somalia.
		French and Arabic share the position of official language, Afar and Somali are spoken locally and some English is still used.
	www.gaminggeeks.org /Resources/KateMonk/Africa/Eastern/Djibouti.htm (257 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of World History: Ali Aref Bourhan (1934- )@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		President of the Territory of Afars and Issas (French Somaliland prior to 1967; Djibouti from 1977) 1967-77.
		His political philosophy had to encompass the prospect of eventual independence for the territory, but Bourhan held that this would only be effective and practical if Afars and Issas remained firmly within the French community.
		Bourhan entered the political arena in 1957, when he became a member of the Territorial Assembly for French Somaliland.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28758875&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (175 words)

	Djibouti History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Their descendants are one of the two main ethnic groups in Djibouti today - the Afars.
		In 1958 and 1977, the colony voted to remain under French rule.
		In 1967 Djibouti was renamed the Territory of the Afars and the Issas.
	tps.dpi.state.nc.us /connectafrica/djibouti/history.html (273 words)

	The Country & People of Djibouti
		The population is about 40% Issa (of Somali origin) and 35% Afar (of Ethiopian origin), with the rest largely other Somali tribes, Arabs, and Ethiopian refugees.
		Both Issas and Afars are Muslim and speak Cushitic languages.
		The colony gained territorial status in 1946 and was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967.
	www.hejleh.com /countries/djibouti.html (1468 words)

	Afars And The Issas, French Territory Of The - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Afars And The Issas, French Territory Of The - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK or LOGIN
		Afars and the Issas, French Territory of the: see Djibouti
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	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Fars (170 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The kidnappers belonged to an organization called the Front for the Liberation of the French Somali Coast (which was seeking the independence of the French Territory of the Afars and Issas).
		Ambassador Gueury was taken to a suburban villa which was later surrounded by Somali troops and policemen.
		The French plane landed in Djibouti, the capital of the French territory of the Afars and Issas.
	www.tkb.org /Incident.jsp?incID=162 (490 words)

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