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Topic: Affect heuristic

Related Topics

Anchoring and adjustment

Social proof

Simulation heuristic

Mental accounting

Framing

Recognition heuristic

Behavioral finance

Utility

Prospect theory

Heuristic

	Heuristic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Heuristics are intended to gain computational performance or conceptual simplicity, potentially at the cost of accuracy or precision.
		In heuristic evaluation, the user interface is reviewed by experts and its compliance to ten usability heuristics (broadly stated characteristics of a good user interface) is assessed, and any violating aspects are recorded.
		Heuristics and artificial intelligence in finance and investment — The use of heuristics and AI techniques in finance and investment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heuristics (1072 words)

	Affect heuristic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The affect heuristic is a heuristic in which current affect influences decisions.
		"Affect", in this context, is simply a feeling—fear, pleasure, humorousness, etc. It is shorter in duration than a mood, occurring rapidly and involuntarily in response to a stimulus.
		The affect heuristic got recent attention when it was used to explain the unexpected negative correlation between benefit and risk perception.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Affect_heuristic (717 words)

	Heuristic Summary
		Heuristics is a term that denotes the use of common-sense rules, gleaned from experience, to solve problems.
		Heuristic programs are self-learning, meaning that with use they acquire characteristics that improve their performance.
		Lexical note: The name of the topic is heuristic (not "heuristics"); a particular technique of directing your attention toward discovery is a heuristic, two or more of these are heuristics, and the adjective for "pertaining to how something is discovered" is heuristic.
	www.bookrags.com /Heuristic (1522 words)

	Michael Anissimov - A Concise Introduction to Heuristics and Biases
		Heuristics save time and effort, but often fail utterly when presented with data outside of their "domain of expertise".
		Dozens of heuristics and biases have been studied extensively and experimentally verified, and hundreds or thousands have been hypothesized.
		One of the foundations of heuristics and biases that challenged the economic "rational actor" model of intuitive human reasoning, risk-aversiveness refers to the fact that losses loom larger than gains.
	www.acceleratingfuture.com /michael/works/heuristicsandbiases.htm (1971 words)

	Decision Making / Heuristics...Psyhist.com
		Heuristic is the art and science of discovery and invention.
		Grammatical note: The name of the topic is heuristic (not "heuristics"), a particular technique of directing your attention toward discovery is a heuristic, two or more of these are heuristics, and the adjective for "pertaining to how something is discovered" is heuristic.
		In philosophy, especially in its Continental European kind, the adjective "heuristic" (or the designation "heuristic device") is used when an entity X is there to understand or to find out about some other entity Y, with which X is not identical.
	www.psyhist.com /decisionmaking.html (737 words)

	Risk perception Summary
		Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment.
		These heuristics are usually useful shortcuts for thinking, but they may lead to inaccurate judgments in some situations -- in which case they become cognitive biases.
		The basic premise of the turn toward affective theories is that affect -- a positive or negative feeling toward an object -- causes evaluations of an object's riskiness, rather than the other way around, the so called affect heuristic.
	www.bookrags.com /Risk_perception (2953 words)

	Heuristics Sociology
		In legal theory, especially that of law and economics, heuristics are used in the lawwhen case-by-case analysiswould be impractical.
		In heuristic evaluation, the user interfaceis reviewed by experts and its compliance to ten usability heuristics (broadly stated characteristics of a good user interface) is assessed and any violating aspects are recorded.
		Heuristics and artificial intelligence in finance and investment— The use of heuristics and AI techniques in finance and investment.
	www.lumrix.com /medical/sociology/heuristics.html (936 words)

	CogSci 108b: Heuristic Search
		Obviously the measure of goodness, and the assessment of a heuristic technique, is going to be relative to the domain, and to the specific job that problem solving is going to be applied to in that domain.
		The "heuristic" value associated with each state is the total cost of the sequence of operators that led to the state.
		That is: The heuristic estimate of the distance from the state to the goal must be less than or equal to the actual minimal distance from that state to the goal.
	cogsci.ucsd.edu /~batali/108b/lectures/heuristic.html (2776 words)

	Glossary
		Affect and CS/D: The concept that the level of consumer satisfaction is influenced by the positive and negative affective responses elicited by a product after its purchase and during use.
		Affect-referral heuristic: A rule of thumb in which a consumer chooses a product based upon an overall recollection of his or her emotional response of an alternative.
		Frequency heuristic: The rule of thumb used by consumers in some low-involvement settings, in which the liking for a brand is based merely on the number of positive and negative attributes associated with it.
	www.consumerbehavior.net /glossary.htm (14267 words)

	How Molecules Matter to Mental Computation
		A neuron in one part of the brain such as the hypothalamus may fire and release a hormone that travels to a part of the body such as the adrenal glands, which stimulates the release of other hormones that then travel back to the brain and influence the firing of different neurons.
		There are 10-50 times more glial cells in the brain than neurons, and glial cells affect both the formation of connections by nerve cells and their firing.
		Affect may also influence our cognitive strategies: people in a bad mood are more likely to use elaborate, systematic processing strategies.
	cogsci.uwaterloo.ca /Articles/molecules.html (7048 words)

	CPSC322 - Assignment 4, Solution - 2002 -- Question 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Suppose the heuristic function was doubled for the above graph (e.g., so that the h-value for a is 12 and for b is 10).
		Suppose the heuristic function was halved for the above graph (e.g., so that the h-value for a is 3 and for b is 2.5).
		In this case it finds the solution faster (in 8 steps), but in general it can be less efficient and can even find a non-optimal path (as the heuristic function may no longer be an under-estimate).
	www.cs.ubc.ca /spider/poole/cs322/2002/Module04/as4sol_2.html (344 words)

	FQS 7(1) Jens O. Zinn: Risk, Affect and Emotion
		In contrast to earlier approaches emotions and affects are no longer solely interpreted as destructive for decision making, but as a prerequisite.
		(1994) argue that feelings affect people's judgements or choices within a decision-process in those cases where the feelings are experienced as reactions to the imminent judgement or decision.
		Thus emotions tend to appear conceptually as corresponding with the norms constructed by governmentality, and deviations are seen as expressions of bad governmental practice.
	www.qualitative-research.net /fqs-texte/1-06/06-1-29-e.htm (3957 words)

	O4R: Public Perceptions of Risk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We call this mental short-cut the “affect heuristic” because it is like a rule of thumb that improves judgmental efficiency by deriving both risk and benefit evaluations from a common source—affective reactions to the stimulus item.
		I expect that using the affect heuristic to simplify complex judgment information is in fact an adaptive and useful strategy in many situations, and is relied on by everyone to greater or lesser extents depending on the context.
		A second direction is to investigate the role of affect in beliefs about the stockmarket that seem to suggest little understanding of rational economic principles.
	home.comcast.net /~dchapman2146/pf_v6n2/Risk.htm (1724 words)

	Behavioral finance glossary, letter A, peter greenfinch
		Affect is the conscious part of an emotion (see that word), which in its turn is a factor of most decisions.
		An affect heuristic is a quasi automatic response or decision linked to the decider's mood (see that word).
		Definition: the availability heuristics is a decision process that neglects to dig for more information and interpretation than those immediately available or easy to imagine.
	perso.orange.fr /pgreenfinch/bfglo/bfglo.a.htm (1779 words)

	Incentivised experimental investigations of the affect heuristic
		In recent years there has been increasing interest in using the related concepts of affect and evaluability to understand a wide range of decision behaviours.
		In this paper we address this criticism, presenting a series of incentivised, real payoff, experimental studies examining the roles of affect and, the related concept of evaluability in judgments and decisions across a range of contexts including money gambles and the purchase of and preference for various market goods.
		We demonstrate that the affect heuristic remains a feature of decision making in the contexts considered within this experiment.
	www.uea.ac.uk /env/cserge/pub/wp/edm/edm_2006_06.htm (147 words)

	Research Statement: Affect and Information Processing
		Specifically, we are investigating whether parents encourage their sons and daughters to cope with problems differently and whether these differences affect children’s well-being.
		In my dissertation, I examined whether people who were instructed to think logically were more or less likely to be influenced by their feelings when solving heuristic reasoning problems than individuals who were not instructed to be logical.
		An important question concerns whether it is possible to change perceptions of trait affect in the ways that we have changed perceptions of state affect.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/k/x/kxg20/resstb.htm (1651 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Specifically, it is proposed that people use an affect heuristic to make judgements.
		That is, representations of objects and events in people’s minds are tagged to varying degrees with affect.
		Reliance on the affect heuristic has important non-intuitive implications for the rationality of all manner of decisions including those involving risk and environment.
	www.albaeco.com /sthsem/slovicengelsk.html (256 words)

	[Jdm-society] Re: Heuristics & social psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		> ellen The consumer behavior version of the affect heuristic is "affect referral" -- i.e., choosing by retrieving a sense of overall liking, without retrieving the details on which the overall liking was originally based.
		It was first suggested as a simplifying heuristic by Peter Wright (1975), "Consumer Choice Strategies: Simplifying vs. Optimizing).
		While representativeness >> combined two sensible but unrelated phenomena, I have no idea what the >> affect heuristic is. And I find it normatively irritating, since it >> perpetuates the myth that affect equals bias (a myth debunked by >> Damasio and >> others).
	www.sjdm.org /mail-archive/jdm-society/2005-February/002179.html (456 words)

	1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		How might the judgmental heuristic availability be involved in making a decision about whether or not to live in a particular neighborhood.
		Describe a situation in which people might use the representativeness heuristic, and how this heuristic might affect their thinking.
		Piaget argued that performance on conservation tasks (such as conservation of number or quantity) is very important in understanding whether a child really has mental operations that transform mental representations.
	psych.la.psu.edu /cogcourses/carlson/psy421/exam2F03.htm (627 words)

	Implementation Science \| Full text \| Implementation science: a role for parallel dual processing models of reasoning?
		The Heuristic-Systematic Information Processing Model is an example of an either-or account, where a decision maker uses either simple decision rules (referred to as heuristic), or a systematic approach, with the choice being mediated, for example, by the degree of involvement the person has with the decision [10].
		More than 40 specific cognitive biases and their implications for clinical practice have now been identified, and it has been argued that most diagnostic errors are the result of cognitive errors, given that the process of diagnosis largely depends on a clinician's thinking [14,15].
		For example, a decision can be biased by an initial affective reaction (affect heuristic), how easily similar circumstances are recalled (availability heuristic), or how representative the circumstance is to a recognised stereotype (representativeness heuristic) [12].
	www.implementationscience.com /content/1/1/12 (5110 words)

	Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		First, it can act as a heuristic cue that individuals may use as a shortcut when they do not have access or cannot process sufficient amounts of information to render a judgment.
		In particular, we examine how mood may affect the interpretation of information about the target of an evaluation (target product advertisement) given the context in which this information is presented (filler products advertisements).
		Contrary to the belief that happy people are heuristic processors of information because they have impaired cognitive resources, our hypothesis posits that people in a positive mood are not heuristic but rather strategic processors of information.
	mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu /pages/faculty/yiorgos.bakamitsos/research.html (439 words)

	Entry Timing decisions: An Experimental Approach
		According to the affect heuristic, certain alternatives may intuitively appear riskier although this is not warranted by an objective analysis (Slovic, Finucane, Peters and MacGregor, forthcoming).
		The use of heuristics in decision making under risk is a relatively well-known fact in behavioral decision theory, and many recent studies deal with the impact of affects on choice.
		Here, many individuals seem to be misled by their subjective risk perception (i.e., by affects) to a degree that they violate the principle of stochastic dominance.
	www.babson.edu /entrep/fer/BABSON2002/X/X_P4/X-P4/html/X-P4.htm (5156 words)

	Psyc7536 Heuristics and Biases
		Tverksy, A., and Kahneman, D. Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability.
		Schwarz, N., and Vaughn, L. The availability heuristic revisited: Ease of recall and content of recall as distinct sources.
		Gigerenzer, G. On narrow norms and vague heuristics: A reply to Kahneman and Tversky.
	psych.colorado.edu /~vanboven/teaching/p7536_heurbias/p7536_readings/p7536_reading.html (964 words)

	.NET/MSIL Malicious Code and AV/Heuristic Engines
		The heuristic detection of malicious functionality for both examples of malicious code can be easily performed due to the lack of anti-heuristic encryption and other heuristic-avoiding routines.
		The latter section contains the metadata tokens, which have to be analyzed by the heuristic engine to be able to detect the MSIL opcodes.
		As has already been discussed in other papers on heuristic technologies, it can be very helpful to implement a processor emulation to detect certain cleverly programmed malicious codes.
	www.securityfocus.com /infocus/1642 (2631 words)

	What Lies Behind Those "Rational" Decisions? - CFO Magazine - September Issue 2006 - CFO.com
		The psychological phenomena, expounded in the opening chapter, come in three kinds: biases, heuristics, and framing effects.
		Biases, defined as predispositions toward error, are legion; four that commonly mislead managers are excessive optimism, overconfidence, confirmation bias (screening out data that doesn't support a business case), and the illusion of control.
		Heuristics are rules of thumb, or mental shortcuts, used to make decisions.
	www.cfo.com /article.cfm/7851781/c_7873404?f=magazine_alsoinside (635 words)

	Heuristics
		In: Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment, Edited by Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin and Daniel Kahneman, 2002.
		On narrow norms and vague heuristics: A reply to Kahneman and Tversky (1996).
		GILOVICH, T., D.W. GRIFFIN and D. Heuristics and biases: the psychology of intuitive judgment.
	heuristics.behaviouralfinance.net (252 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Policies affect behavior Policies affect outcomes Various views of the human agent Folk psychology Rational choice model Research-based psychology Ross & Nisbett - Judgment in Managerial Decision-making People are boundedly rational.
		Availability heuristic (base probability of event on whether it’s readily avail in memory) Representativeness Heuristic (stereotyping) Anchoring and Adjustment (initial values influence expectations) Intuitions about risk deviate from rationality because people fail to appreciate the nature of uncertainty and framing effects.
		Affect Heuristic: Shortcut people use when making a decision by consulting the pool of positive and negative images associated with an object or event.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /wwac/files/psych_3.doc (4465 words)

	Glimcher Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One weakness of the book’s approach is the lack of references to affect (emotion), which is suggested to have an impact on human utility and probability estimations in (Loewenstein, Loewenstein, Weber, and Welch, 2000), (Slovic, Finucane, Peters, and MacGregor, 2002), and (Knutson and Peterson, 2003).
		One of this book’s greatest gifts is to clearly explain how our thinking about our thinking (neuroscience) has evolved over the past 2000 years.
		Griffin, and D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp.
	www.marketpsych.com /GlimcherReview.htm (1636 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Chicago Man, K-T Man, and the Future of Behavioral Law and Economics
		The author argues that attempts to paint the heuristics and biases literature founded by Kahneman and Tversky as the mere product of parlor tricks used in laboratory experiments involving college sophomores will ring increasingly hollow as new techniques of neuroimaging continue to produce evidence of brain activity substantiating these limitations on human reasoning.
		Their decision-making efficacy is often constrained by a variety of biases, guided by non-normative heuristics, and affected by non-rational factors such as emotion and altruism.
		Furthermore, many of the heuristics and biases have been shown in studies that were not between-subject studies.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=52767 (4283 words)

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