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Topic: Affective filters

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	The OAL Connection - Music and Language Learning
		Three of the most accepted components are: the affective filter, the monitor model and natural input.
		The affective filter hypothesis states that optimum learning occurs in an environment of high stimulation and low anxiety.
		According to the theory, the emotional state of the learner acts as a filter.
	www.dtae.org /adultlit/connections/music.html (1408 words)

	MIT Media Lab: Affective Computing Group
		The "Affective Carpet" is a soft, deformable surface made of cloth and foam, which detects continuous pressure with excellent sensitivity and resolution.
		Affective Learning Companion is a powerful, flexible new research tool for exploring a variety of social-emotional skills in human-machine interaction, and for understanding how machines can work with people to better meet their needs.
		The agent detects affective cues through a facial-feature tracker and a posture-recognition system developed in the Affective Computing group; based on what affect a person is displaying, such as interest, boredom, frustration, or confusion, the system responds with matching facial affect and/or posture.
	affect.media.mit.edu /projects.php (5926 words)

	ESL MiniConference / September 2003 / Jo Gusman Motivates Elementary School Teachers at CLD Summer Institute
		She mentioned a number of factors which strengthen the affective filter, which she describes as an emotional shield a child will use to protect himself or herself from further pain or embarrassment.
		One vivid moment in the workshop was when she had several participants stand one behind the other to show the layered nature of affective filters, for example, the way in which a student's disposition is tied to his or her mother or father's experiences, which in turn are tied to those of other relatives.
		Building the relationship of trust which weakens the affective filter and opens the channel of communication with a student can be a long process, requiring patience on the part of the teacher.
	www.eslminiconf.net /sept2003/garden.html (2828 words)

	Seasonal affective disorder: Treatment with light therapy - MayoClinic.com
		The precise cause of seasonal affective disorder isn't known, but genetics and your age may be factors.
		During the low-light months of fall and winter, people with seasonal affective disorder produce more melatonin than normal — enough to cause potentially debilitating symptoms of depression.
		The general recommendation for most people with seasonal affective disorder is to begin treatment with light therapy in the early fall, as soon as the earliest symptoms start.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/seasonal-affective-disorder/MH00023 (1512 words)

	2
		According to the Affective Filter hypothesis, there is a number of affective variables, or attitudinal factors that play a significant role in second language acquisition, as well as decide upon learner’s success in obtaining acquired competence.
		The filter, as described by Krashen (1982), performs four limiting functions, namely it determines: (1) which language model the learner will select, (2) which part of the language the learner will devote himself to, (3) when the acquisition of the language should stop, and (4) how fast the learner is able to acquire the language.
		And this attitude, as being in accordance with the optimal affective filter, for it does not block the input, could also be thought of as facilitating the overall process of acquisition.
	www.geocities.com /pan_andrew/sla.htm (9890 words)

	The language clinic: the teacher as an agent of change
		This paper suggests that in fact our students are suffering from a number of primarily affective ailments, and that the teacher has the opportunity and the responsibility to deal with these in the manner of a caring physician-figure.
		Research during this time has identified various affective filters that affect learning considerably, both in a positive and in a negative manner, prompting Stern (1983:383) to claim that affect is more important than cognition in the learning process.
		Such an approach to teacher/student roles focuses on the learner as a potential responsible member of society, and concentrates primarily on helping him or her to develop the critical-thinking and problem-solving skills necessary if he/she is to make a positive contribution to that society.
	www3.telus.net /linguisticsissues/languageclinic.html (2871 words)

	Cigarette Filters Magic 25 Discount Cigarette Filters
		Magic 25 worlds smallest cigarette filters ® are recognized all over the world as most affective cigarette filters, drastically removing tar, nicotine and other hazards from cigarette smoking without altering the taste of your favorite cigarettes.
		Magic 25 mini cigarette filters are clear so you can see the amount of tar, nicotine and hazards NOT entering your lungs which otherwise will stick to your teeth gums mouth throat and lungs.
		Do not be taken by the imitation look a like cigarette filters, they are made with lowest grade materials, they do not have any quality control and they can not produce affective results because they do not have Magic 25 worlds smallest cigarette filters ® patented filtration system.
	www.magic25filter.com (622 words)

	CPP \| Personal \| Affective Filters
		Beginning with an explanation of theory concerning the "affective filter" and learning, the discussion proceeds to research findings on self- concept and their relationship to the affective filter and to learning difficulties.
		ED292302 A study of the affective "filter" inhibiting student learning of a second language focuses on the critical features of the filter, especially student self-concept and the general roles of personality traits and learning attitudes.
		In conclusion, a working hypothesis concerning the affective filter in language learning, to be validated in a later study, is proposed.
	www.positivepractices.com /Personal/AffectiveFilters.html (2169 words)

	NEEDS, Inc. Nutritional Information and Shopping Site
		Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is characterized by regular periods of depression in the winter, with no periods of depression in the spring and summer.
		Oversleeping, carbohydrate cravings, overeating, weight gain, mood swings, sadness, and anxiety are among the symptoms of SAD.* Light passing through the eyes is transmitted* to the hypothalamus gland in the brain, which regulates and coordinates our response* to stress, controls the* circulation, emotional energy, fluid balance, sleep and the general feeling in our bodies.
		This combined with an internal radio frequency filter far surpasses any other light boxes in the market.
	www.needs.com /insights/SeasonalAffectiveDisorder.asp (995 words)

	Light Therapy: Treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder
		People with seasonal affective disorder have a cyclical type of depression that's most often triggered by the onset of fall or winter, when daylight hours wane.
		Signs and symptoms of winter-time seasonal affective disorder can include sadness, sleep difficulties, increased appetite, carbohydrate craving, irritability, weight gain, lack of energy, anxiety and problems concentrating.
		The general recommendation for most people with seasonal affective disorder is to begin treatment with light therapy in the early fall, as soon as the first symptoms start.
	www.suicideandmentalhealthassociationinternational.org /lightther.html (1791 words)

	About Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) - Apollo Light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Seasonal affective disorder (also called SAD, winter blues, winter depression, etc.) is a type of depression that often follows the seasons.
		For most Seasonal Affective Disorder sufferers the most difficult time is September through May. For many Seasonal Affective Disorder is a seriously disabling illness, preventing them from functioning normally.
		Lights that are worthy of treating Seasonal Affective Disorder should be able to generate 10,000 LUX of power.
	www.apollolight.com /aboutsad.html (810 words)

	Imitation non affective cigarette filters reviews
		Magic 25 filters are the original and most affective cigarette filters with patented filtration system that drastically reduces tar, nicotine and other harmful hazards from cigarette smoking.
		Magic 25 filters were the first filters introduced on the market and kept it standards of reliability and effectiveness through constant research and improvements.
		Magic 25 filters are made in Japan with highest quality standards in effectiveness and materials used to deliver state of the art results.
	www.magic25filter.com /imitation_non_affective_cigarette_filter-reviews.html (321 words)

	Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) - Melatonin - Serotonin - Bright Light
		Seasonal Affective Disorder (S.A.D) What is S.A.D? Seasonal affective disorder, appropriately referred to by the acronym "S.A.D", is a form of depression that occurs only during certain periods of the year.
		This is characterized by recurrent episodes of depressed mood, over-sleeping or the urge to "hibernate", cravings for carbohydrate rich foods, and associated overeating and weight gain.
		Since winter depression is the most common form of seasonal affective disorder and the type that almost everyone is familiar with, we will be concentrating on this and for simplicity will refer to it as SAD.
	www.ei-resource.org /seasonal-affective-disorder.asp (3524 words)

	Using a light box to apply colour to the body
		A light box with full spectrum (natural daylight) bulbs when used with the appropriate colour filters, is another way of giving coloured light treatment to the body, and is often used by Colour Therapists.
		Using a light box with a filter of the required colour, is a very effective way of applying colour to the body.
		You may have heard about S.A.D. (Seasonal Affective Disorder), the light box on the left, can also be used for treating S.A.D. The light produced is full spectrum light and is the closest you can get to natural daylight.
	www.colourtherapyhealing.com /application/light_filters.php (159 words)

	Vol 35 No 3, July - September 1997 Page 33
		Affective factors: Some extroverted students tend to be talkative and learn better in oral work, while the introverted ones remain quiet.
		In this case, students may lower their affective filters, and have their respective turns to speak.
		In this manner, students learn in an uncompetitive situation, and thus lower their affective filters.
	exchanges.state.gov /forum/vols/vol35/no3/p33.htm (1840 words)

	Other Waste Water Systems
		Effluent is fed through the sand filter where bacteria digest the waste as the water percolates through that area.
		The treated, filtered effluent is then collected and flows to a drain field.
		Sand filters are affective in a variety of soil types and, in effect, purify the septic effluent before it goes to the drain field.
	www.annarborhomeinspection.com /articles/waste_water.html (395 words)

	Interlangauge Processing
		The affective filter is responsible for individual variation in SLA
		Note that the affective filter is not an issue for first language acquisition: children don’t have it/use it
		Summary: People acquire second languages only if they obtain comprehensible input and if their affective filters are low enough to allow the input ‘in’.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~guion/440notes/krashen.html (484 words)

	Affective filter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An affective filter is a learning blockage due to a negative emotional ("affective") attitude.
		Experiments demonstrated that learners do not learn well when they are affected by negative feelings such as boredom, anxiety or low self-esteem.
		According to this hypothesis these negative emotions activate a filter that prevents efficient processing of the learning input.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Affective_filter (180 words)

	Understanding Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) -- Treatment
		Because no laboratory test exists for SAD, diagnosis is made on the basis of the patient's history and should be made by a psychiatrist experienced with the disorder.
		Check to be sure a light box filters out harmful ultraviolet light.
		In the most common form of light therapy, you sit before a light box of strong fluorescent light covered with a plastic screen to block ultraviolet light (10,000 lux - about 10 to 20 times brighter than ordinary indoor light) for periods varying from 15 minutes to 1 1/2 hours a day.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/54/61569.htm (527 words)

	Full and Broad Spectrum Lights, Light Therapy, Light Box (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		SAD was officially accepted as a clinical malady in 1987 by the American Psychiatric Association and described in its then current diagnostic manual, the DSM-III-R. Since that time, a great number of studies on the topic have been completed.
		Each year, 6% of northern populations are affected with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and another 14% have a milder form of SAD, called the winter blues.
		Surprisingly, SAD may occur at any time of year and even in equatorial regions although the ratio of northerners with SAD as compared to those living in the tropics is about 10-1.
	www.promolife.com /household/full-spectrum-lighting/cat_70.html (641 words)

	Adult Learning in a Second Language Classroom
		Adults especially operate with high affective filters because they are well aware of grammatical rules from their primary language and, unlike children, are far more intolerant of error for they realize the social implications of poor speaking ability.
		In fact, the dispute about the so-called biological critical period, namely that students are less able to acquire a second language after puberty, may be related to a higher affective filter due to self-consciousness of adolescence.
		In conclusion, while younger students are biologically disposed to better second language learning, as well as given certain benefits such as lower self-monitor and affective filter, adults are not at a lower vantagepoint in L2 learning process.
	www.msu.edu /~mille544/L2.html (3148 words)

	ESL Globe Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This screen is referred to as the affective filter" ("Affective-filter hypothesis", 2004).
		In her book Other People's Children, Delpit states that the affective filter "is likely to be raised when the learner is exposed to constant correction" (Delpit, 1995, p.50).
		After a minute or so, the volunteer's affective filter was high and therefore, he stopped attempting to tell "Little Red Riding Hood".
	www.ncsu.edu /eslglobe/archivedsite/resources/benjy_howe.html (1815 words)

	ESL Glossary: Definitions of common ESL/EFL terms: Affective-filter Hypothesis
		When learners are bored, angry, frustrated, nervous, unmotivated or stressed, they may not be receptive to language input and so they 'screen' the input.
		This screen is referred to as the affective filter.
		This has very practical implications for language teachers: lower their affective filters.
	bogglesworldesl.com /glossary/affectivefilterhypothesis.htm (135 words)

	Discount Cigarette Filters Magic 25 Discount Cigarette Filter Cigarette Holder Tip
		tips are recognized all over the world as most affective worlds smallest cigarette filters, drastically removing tar, nicotine and other hazards from cigarette smoking without altering the taste of your favorite cigarettes.
		Magic 25 mini cigarette filter tip is clear so you can see the amount of tar, nicotine and hazards NOT entering your lungs which otherwise will stick to your teeth gums mouth throat and lungs.
		Magic 25 mini filter testing by Independent laboratories under FTC protocol returned astonishing results, concluding that Magic 25 Mini Filters reduces tar and nicotine up to 76%.
	www.cigarettes911.com (416 words)

	Asian EFL Journal: English Language Teaching and Research Articles
		Moreover, it is maintained by Krashen (1975) that the affective variables which Taylor (1974), along many others have come to link with puberty may, to a large extent, be related to formal operations.
		The affective filters related to language learning which come to bear during adolescence were briefly touched upon earlier; however, some theorists have assigned a more pivotal role to them in distinguishing between child and adult language acquisition.
		In discussing social and affective factors, however, a distinction needs to be drawn between interpersonal communicative skills and academic, context-reduced, L2 skills.
	www.asian-efl-journal.com /June_06_fs.php (7383 words)

	Winter Darkness, Season Depression
		But researchers agree that people who suffer from seasonal affective disorder are particularly sensitive to light, or the lack of it.
		Researchers are also testing a drug called propranalol, which they hope will improve seasonal affective disorder symptoms by curtailing melatonin flow in the morning hours.
		The discovery that high-density negative ions (not the same ions produced by home air filters) helped people with seasonal affective disorder came accidentally from a previous study.
	www.webmd.com /content/Article/52/50396.htm?pagenumber=3 (381 words)

	Five Little Children Want to Read a Book!
		Students who have high affective filters will acquire much less of the language that they are exposed to.
		Positive attitudes towards the teacher and towards the classroom are also factors that lower affective filters and motivate students to make sense of the input they receive.
		There should be some element of choice related to the book or even the particulars of the activity to lower the learners’ affective filters, allowing them to learn from the activity and demonstrate their true language abilities.
	members.aol.com /adrmoser/reading.html (579 words)

	Filter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In mathematics, a certain kind of subset of a partially ordered set.
		Filter (television), a show on the G4 channel:
		Filter feeder, an animal that strains food particles from water
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Filters (158 words)

	Full Spectrum Light Filters - filter sleeves and flat diffuser sheets for fluorescent lighting to block UVB / UV ...
		This filter is a cost effective and economical way to extend the life of books, textiles, art objects and wood furnishings.
		This fluorescent light filter is used extensively in chip manufacturing, pharmaceutical and photo-reactive industrial and manufacturing processes.
		Many people with severe light sensitivities and skin disorders may use this filter to allow them to navigate their environments without concern for their comfort or health.
	www.ergomart.com /FLUORESCENT_LIGHT_FILTERS/filters.htm (809 words)

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