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Topic: Afferent

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	Mike Travers -- Afferent/MDL -- Drug Discovery
		The Afferent software consists of three layers: an object model that defines the ontology of the drug discovery process and provides a way to store and manipulate the relevant objects, a user interface that makes this data visible to the user, and application-level code that provides the virtual chemistry and other logic.
		AfferentÒ³ object model includes the basic objects found in other chemistry software (molecules and reactions) but goes beyond them to store complex objects such as libraries and synthesis protocols.
		Another benefit of writing the Afferent applications in Lisp is the ability to rapidly evolve the code base, and even generate new applications.
	www.franz.com /success/customer_apps/bioinformatics/mdl_story.lhtml (853 words)

	eMedicine - Afferent Loop Syndrome : Article by Elizabeth M Sawyer, MD, CPT, MC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Bezoars in the afferent limb or at the anastomosis (Hui, 1997)
		Relevant Anatomy: The afferent loop consists of the duodenal stump, the remainder of the duodenum, and the segment of jejunum proximal to the gastrojejunostomy.
		Kinking of the afferent limb at the gastrojejunostomy.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3629.htm (5094 words)

	Afferent Loop Syndrome from Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery / Gastroenterology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Pathophysiology: An afferent loop is composed of the duodenal stump, remainder of the duodenum and the segment of jejunum located proximal to a Billroth II-type gastrojejunostomy.
		entrapment or compression of the afferent loop by postoperative adhesions2.
		kinking of the afferent limb at the gastrojejunostomy (Figs.
	author.emedicine.com /MED/topic72.htm (5027 words)

	purevolume™ \| afferent
		Hailing from New York, the four guys from Afferent are working hard to spread their music to the masses.
		They are currently in the studio recording tracks from their upcoming debut CD, "A Part To Play" due out hopefully sometime in the summer of 2005.
		There will be one final Afferent show on February 16th, 2006 at the fourth annual Saunders High School Battle of the Bands (187 Palmer Road, Yonkers, NY).
	www.purevolume.com /afferent (136 words)

	Inflammation-Induced Plasticity of the Afferent Innervation of the Airways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Afferent fibers innervating the airways may also be broadly classified into two physiologic types: those that monitor normal physiologic activity and those activated by potentially damaging noxious stimuli.
		Afferent vagal C fibre innervation of the lungs and airways and its functional significance.
		Involvement of glutamate in transmission of afferent constrictive inputs from the airways to the nucleus tractus solitarius in ferrets.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2001/suppl-4/567-571carr/carr-full.html (5421 words)

	Cardiac sympathetic afferent sensitivity is enhanced in heart failure -- Wang et al. 277 (2): 812 -- AJP - Heart and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Mean increase in cardiac sympathetic afferent discharge rate in response to left atrial injection of bradykinin (A) and capsaicin (B) in sham (open bars) and HF (hatched bars) dogs after pretreated with indomethacin.
		Activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during coronary occlusion: evidence for reflex activation of sympathetic nervous system during transmural myocardial ischemia in the dog.
		Activation of ischemia- and perfusion-sensitive abdominal visceral C fiber afferents: role of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/2/H812 (3346 words)

	Expression of Tachykinins in Nonnociceptive Vagal Afferent Neurons during Respiratory Viral Infection in Guinea Pigs -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Interganglionic segregation of distinct vagal afferent fibre phenotypes in guinea-pig airways.
		Identification and substance P content of vagal afferent neurons innervating the epithelium of the guinea pig trachea.
		Axonal transport of neurotrophins by visceral afferent and efferent neurons of the vagus nerve of the rat.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/165/8/1071 (4139 words)

	Infection of Dendritic Cells by the Maedi-Visna Lentivirus -- Ryan et al. 74 (21): 10096 -- The Journal of Virology
		to the lymph node in the afferent lymph (5).
		Whole afferent lymph cells and large cells from the metrizamide gradient fraction were analyzed for the presence of infectious virus by cocultivation with indicator skin cells.
		Afferent lymph dendritic cells from a sheep infected with MVV subsequent to cannulation were purified by metrizamide gradient centrifugation followed by FACS sorting.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/21/10096 (6033 words)

	afferent pupillary defect - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Afferent Pupillary Defect (APD) or Marcus-Gunn pupil is a condition of the eye where the pupil doesn't dilate appropriately to the level of light reaching it.
		The reasons why afferent pupillary defect occurs with optic neuritis are complicated and involve the neuroanatomy of the visual pathways.
		Put simplistically, the eye in which the ON has occurred acts as if it is in a lower light situation than it really is and dilates more so that it can let more light hit the retina.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /afferentpupillarydefect.html (147 words)

	Welcome to Afferent Corporation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Afferent Corporation is pioneering the development of a new class of medical devices to treat chronic neurological dysfunction.
		Its lead technology enhances the function of mechanoreceptor cells involved in sensory perception as a means of restoring brain function following stroke, addressing complications resulting from diabetic neuropathy, and improving elderly balance.
		Building on this technology platform, Afferent aims to establish a leadership position in the emerging field of neurotherapeutic devices.
	www.afferentcorp.com (69 words)

	Sensory modalities conveyed in the hindlimb somatic afferent input to nucleus tractus solitarius -- Toney and Mifflin ...
		Sensory modalities conveyed in the hindlimb somatic afferent input to nucleus tractus solitarius
		Afferent fibers innervating the skin of the hindlimb and sacrum were activated by electrical stimulation of the SCN.
		Time-dependent inhibition of hindlimb somatic afferent inputs to nucleus tractus solitarius.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/88/6/2062 (6822 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Brn3c null mutant mice show long-term, incomplete retention of some afferent inner ear ...
		In contrast, Brn3c is barely expressed during embryogenesis in the CNS [22] thus arguing that the survival of ear primary neurons depends crucially on the periphery.
		The progressive loss of afferent and efferent innervation in Brn3c null mutants shows neither in spatial nor in temporal pattern a resemblance to losses reported in simple BDNF or NT-3 null mutations [6].
		Similar long term retention of apical afferents exists in the deaf white cat [25] and should be explored in other model systems with embryonic and neonatal hair cell loss [37,38].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2202/4/2 (6314 words)

	RIEDC - - NEWS: Afferent SBIR Grant
		Since its inception in 2000, Afferent has been awarded both Phase I and II SBIR grants totaling $1.8 million from three institutes within the NIH (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke).
		Afferent Corporation, based in Providence, Rhode Island, is pioneering the development of a new class of medical devices to treat chronic neurological dysfunction.
		Afferent's development efforts are being pursued in collaboration with leading biomedical and clinical researchers throughout the United States and Canada.
	www.riedc.com /riedc/news/47/317 (693 words)

	Effect of Extracellular Calcium on Excitability of Guinea Pig Airway Vagal Afferent Nerves -- Undem et al. 89 (3): 1196 ...
		The physiological relevance of calcium inhibition of vagal airway afferent fiber excitability is not known.
		Kummer W, Fischer A, Kurkowski R, and Heym C. The sensory and sympathetic innervation of guinea pig lung and trachea as studied by retrograde neuronal tracing and double-labelling immunohistochemistry.
		Interganglionic segregation of distinct vagal afferent fiber phenotypes in guinea pig airways.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/3/1196 (5890 words)

	Reciprocal synapses between inner hair cell spines and afferent dendrites in the organ of corti of the mouse. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		During the second phase, which lasts up to 14 PN, synaptogenesis is led by the olivocochlear fibers of the lateral bundle, which induce the formation of compound and spinous synapses.
		The afferent dendrites themselves also develop recurrent presynaptic spines or form mounds of synaptic vesicles apposed directly across inner hair cell ribbon synapses.
		Thus, in the adult 2-month mouse, afferent dendrites of spiral ganglion neurons are not only postsynaptic but also presynaptic to inner hair cells, providing a synaptic loop for an immediate feedback response.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_12872294.html (268 words)

	Afferent definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Afferent definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		A vein is an afferent vessel since it carries blood toward from the heart.
		An afferent nerve carries impulses toward the central nervous system.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2167 (71 words)

	afferent nerves - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Afferent nerves are one of the two types of peripheral nerves (those not in the brain or spinal cord) - the other type of nerves are called efferent nerves.
		Afferent nerves are those that carry impulses to the central nervous system - the sensory nerves.
		Efferent nerves are those that carry impulses from the central nervous system - the motor nerves.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /afferentnerves.html (61 words)

	Activation of Peripheral NMDA Receptors Contributes to Human Pain and Rat Afferent Discharges Evoked by Injection of ...
		afferent activity was monitored for 10 min after the injection.
		Afferent discharges evoked by 500 mM NMDA were significantly greater that those evoked by 0.5 or 5 mM NMDA.
		Note that afferent discharges evoked by injection of 5, 50, or 500 mM NMDA into the masseter muscle were not significantly different from that evoked by 500 mM glutamate.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/4/2098 (5129 words)

	The mechanisms underlying altered vascular resistance of glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles in diabetic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The mechanisms underlying altered vascular resistance of glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles in diabetic nephropathy -- Arima and Ito 18 (10): 1966 -- Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
		The mechanisms underlying altered vascular resistance of glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles in diabetic nephropathy
		myogenic response of the afferent arteriole in diabetes.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/10/1966 (2076 words)

	Online client management system by Afferent Media in Sydney NSW Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Afferent Media applauds this initiative as internet resources were being clogged with inappropriate bulk mail.
		Afferent Media has therefore designed a client management system that allows messages to be formatted and distributed to those people that have specifically agreed to receive mail, and allows easy management of the list so any members that ask to be removed can be deleted rapidly.
		Inappropriate use of a mailing system is subject to heavy fines under the new laws, and Afferent Media would immediately suspend this facility from any client using it inappropriately.
	www.afferent.com.au /html/optin_maillists.html (216 words)

	Excitatory actions of single impulses in single hair follicle afferent fibres on spinocervical tract neurones in the ...
		Excitatory actions of single impulses in single hair follicle afferent fibres on spinocervical tract neurones in the cat -- Brown et al.
		Excitatory actions of single impulses in single hair follicle afferent fibres on spinocervical tract neurones in the cat
		afferent impulse increased the probability of firing of the neurone.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/382/1/291 (448 words)

	Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in Our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes?: II. Integration of afferent signaling ...
		Integration of afferent signaling from the viscera by the nodose ganglia -- Browning and Mendelowitz 284 (1): 8 -- AJP - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
		The neurochemical phenotype of vagal afferent neurons is also subject to alteration after tissue insult.
		Morphology and topography of vagal afferents innervating the GI tract.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/1/G8 (3941 words)

	Functional Impairment of Renal Afferent Arteriolar Voltage-gated Calcium Channels in Rats with Diabetes Mellitus -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Baseline afferent arteriolar diameter in kidneys from diabetic
		Forster (1992) Impaired myogenic responsiveness of the afferent arteriole in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: role of eicosanoid derangements.
		Horton (1987) Inhibition by diltiazem of pressure-induced afferent vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/98/11/2564 (5880 words)

	A Role for TRPV1 in Bradykinin-Induced Excitation of Vagal Airway Afferent Nerve Terminals -- Carr et al. 304 (3): 1275 ...
		Concordance of Responsivity of Afferent Fibers to Capsaicin and Bradykinin.
		Dray A, Patel IA, Perkins MN and Rueff A (1992) Bradykinin-induced activation of nociceptors: receptor and mechanistic studies on the neonatal rat spinal cord-tail preparation in vitro.
		Maubach KA and Grundy D (1999) The role of prostaglandins in the bradykinin-induced activation of serosal afferents of the rat jejunum in vitro.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/304/3/1275 (3410 words)

	Cooperative Activation of Cultured Vagal Afferent Neurons by Leptin and Cholecystokinin -- Peters et al. 145 (8): 3652 ...
		Cooperative Activation of Cultured Vagal Afferent Neurons by Leptin and Cholecystokinin -- Peters et al.
		afferent firing in situ (19, 25), and we have observed leptin-induced
		Smith GP, Jerome C, Norgren R 1985 Afferent axons in abdominal vagus mediate satiety effect of cholecystokinin in rats.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/145/8/3652 (3920 words)

	Modification of Smooth Pursuit Initiation by a Nonvisual, Afferent Feedback Signal -- Weir and Knox 42 (10): 2297 -- ...
		an afferent signal from the periphery to act in their control.
		Afferent signals from the EOM are known to carry
		Cooper, S, Fillenz, M. (1955) Afferent discharges in response to stretch from the extraocular muscles of the cat and monkey and the innervation of these muscles J Physiol (Lond) 127,400-413
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/42/10/2297 (4348 words)

	Muscle afferent contributions to the cardiovascular response to isometric exercise -- Fisher and White 89 (6): 639 -- ...
		Muscle afferent and central command contributions to the cardiovascular response to isometric exercise of postural muscle in patients with mild chronic heart failure.
		Muscle afferent inputs to cardiovascular control during isometric exercise vary with muscle group in patients with chronic heart failure.
		Contribution of muscle afferents to the haemodynamic, autonomic, and ventilatory responses to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.
	ep.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/89/6/639 (4309 words)

	Identification of the tracheal and laryngeal afferent neurones mediating cough in anaesthetized guinea-pigs -- Canning ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We have identified the tracheal and laryngeal afferent nerves
		afferent neurones are activated by punctate mechanical stimulation
		afferent neurones represent a distinct subtype and that their
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/557/2/543 (333 words)

	Extra Spike Formation in Sensory Neurons and the Disruption of Afferent Spike Patterning -- Amir and Devor 84 (4): 2700 ...
		Backfiring in trigeminal afferent nerve fibers of the goose elicited by antidromic stimulation.
		Oscillatory membrane potential activity in the soma of a primary afferent neuron.
		Stoney, S. Limitation on impulse conduction at the branch point of afferent axons in frog dorsal root ganglion.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/84/4/2700 (4447 words)

	Definition of afferent - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
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	www.m-w.com /dictionary/afferent (62 words)

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