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Topic: Affirming a disjunct

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Affirming a disjunct
		Affirming a Disjunct is a non-validating form of argument when "or" is inclusive (see below), as it is standardly interpreted in propositional logic.
		As with other propositional fallacies, an argument which affirms a disjunct is most likely to seem valid when we take into consideration some further information not explicitly mentioned in the argument.
		The exclusive disjunction of propositions A and B is usually called A xor B, where "xor" stands for "exclusive or" and is pronounced "eks-or" or "zor".
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Affirming-a-disjunct (540 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Exclusive disjunction
		Exclusive disjunction (usual symbol xor) is a logical operator that results in true if one of the operands (not both) is true.
		The exclusive disjunction of propositions A and B means A or B, but not both, as in "you can follow the rules or be disqualified".
		The exclusive disjunction of propositions A and B is usually called A xor B, where "xor" stands for "exclusive or" and is pronounced "eks-or" or "zor".
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Xor (598 words)

	Disjunct (linguistics) Encyclopedia
		In linguistics, a disjunct is a type of adverbial adjunct that expresses information that is not considered essential to the sentence it appears in, but which is considered to be the speaker's or writer's attitude towards, or descriptive statement of, the propositional content of the sentence.
		More generally, the term disjunct can be used to refer to any sentence element that is not fully integrated into the clausal structure of the sentence.
		A specific type of disjunct is the sentence adverb (or sentence adverbial), which modifies a sentence, or a clause within a sentence, to convey the mood, attitude or sentiments of the speaker, rather than an adverb modifying a verb, an adjective or another adverb within a sentence.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Disjunct_(linguistics).html (628 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Xor
		Exclusive disjunction (usual symbol xor) is a logical operator that results in true if one of the operands (not both) is true.
		Exclusive disjunction is the sense of the word or as in the proverb you can have your cake or eat it (but not both).
		Exclusive or (usual symbol XOR occasionally EOR), which is sometimes called exclusive disjunction, is a logical operator that results in true if one of the operands, but not both of them, is true.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Xor (759 words)

	The Free Encyclopedia :: Fallacy \| Dumskapens Akse
		The fallacy lies in concluding that one disjunct must be false because the other disjunct is true; in fact they may both be true.
		In this case, the "or" is said to be inclusive, in that it stipulates that one or both of the disjuncts is true.
		Affirming a disjunct • Affirming the consequent • Commutation of Conditionals • False dilemma • Denying the antecedent • Improper Transition
	www.exiztenz.com /tankefeil.php?title=Affirming_a_disjunct (556 words)

	Exclusive disjunction - Biocrawler
		Exclusive disjunction (usual symbol xor) is a logical operator that results in true if one of the operands, but not both of them, is true.
		a vee that is modified in some way, such as being underlined ("∨"); this is used because exclusive disjunction is a modification of ordinary (inclusive) disjunction, which is typically denoted by a vee ("∨").
		It is an optional bit-flipper (the deciding input chooses whether or not to invert the data input).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Exclusive_or (607 words)

	Exclusive disjunction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Exclusive disjunction is the sense of the word or as in the proverb you can have your cake or eat it (but not both).
		In logic, unqualified disjunction is normally understood to mean the inclusive sense.
		The exclusive disjunction of propositions A and B is usually called A xor B, where "xor" stands for "exclusive or" and is pronounced "eks-or".
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /XOR (584 words)

	Study Four
		The rule that covers the relation between conjunction and disjunction is simply this: The denial of a conjunction is equivalent to (equal to) a disjunction of the denials of the propositions.
		And, the denial of a disjunction is equivalent to a conjunction of the denials of the propositions.
		The rule is: An implication is equivalent to a disjunction consisting of the denial of the antecedent as one disjunct and the consequent of the implication as the other disjunct.
	www.sjsu.edu /logic/study4.htm (2753 words)

	affirming a disjunct - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The logical fallacy of affirming a disjunct occurs in a disjunctive syllogism when an argument takes the form:
		Either A or B (this is the disjunct)
		The fallacy lies in concluding that B must be false because A is true; in fact they may both be true.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/affirming-a-disjunct (126 words)

	study5
		An inclusive disjunction is false in one and only one set of circumstances where both disjuncts are false.
		If the disjunction consists of more than two disjuncts, then a disjunction is false only when each and every one of the disjuncts is false.
		Symbolizing disjunctions proves difficult when it is not clear which sense of or is the intended sense.
	www.sjsu.edu /logic/study5.htm (3055 words)

	Expert About di:Disjunct
		When two tetrachords are disjunct, that is, when the top note of one is separated by a tone from the bottom note of the next, the two combine to form an octave.
		Development of a disjunct eddy covariance system and application to the determination of VOC fluxes in urban and rural locations.
		:Either A or B (this is the disjunct) A (Affirming the middle term) Therefore, not B. Fallacy files: affirming a disjunct.
	www.expertsite.biz /dir/di/disjunct.2.htm (877 words)

	Affirming a disjunct -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The (A fallacy in logical argumentation) logical fallacy of affirming a disjunct occurs in a (additional info and facts about disjunctive syllogism) disjunctive syllogism when an argument takes the form:
		A (Affirming the (The term in a syllogism that is common to both premises and excluded from the conclusion) middle term)
		The fallacy lies in concluding that B must be false because A is true; in fact they may both be true.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/af/affirming_a_disjunct.htm (212 words)

	Tutorial- Disjunctive Syllogisms
		So long as we eliminate all the disjuncts but one, that one must be true--assuming, of course, that the disjunctive premise is true to begin with.
		The disjunctive syllogism proceeds by denying one of the disjuncts.
		For logical purposes, therefore, we assume that "or" is used inclusively, so that affirming a disjunct is fallacious.
	www.wwnorton.com /college/phil/logic3/ch10/disjunc.htm (287 words)

	Logical Fallacy: Affirming a Disjunct
		In the case of Affirming a Disjunct, this is:
		If we have some reason to believe that the two disjuncts are contraries, then the argument may be a valid enthymeme.
		As a form of argument, Affirming One Disjunct is perfectly valid for the exclusive sense of "or".
	www.fallacyfiles.org /afonedis.html (229 words)

	disjunct - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		As a general rule, melodies deriving from folk music traditions have more restricted vocal ranges (usually within an octave) and move from one note...
		The logical fallacy of affirming a disjunct also known as the fallacy of the alternative disjunct occurs when a deductive argument takes either of the two following forms
		Describes and gives examples of the formal logical fallacy of affirming a disjunct.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /disjunct.html (163 words)

	Symbolic Logic: Lecture Notes: University of West Georgia - Robert Lane, Ph.D.
		As long as you have both the disjunction and the negation of one of its disjuncts, DS allows you to write down the other disjunct on a new line.
		I.e., when a disjunction is true, at least one of its disjuncts is true, and if each of those disjuncts materially implies a different claim, then at least one of those different claims is true.
		I.e., when you have a disjunction and two conditionals, and the antecedents of those conditionals are the disjuncts of that disjunction, you may write down a new disjunction, using the consequents of those conditionals as disjuncts.
	www.westga.edu /~rlane/symbolic/lecture08_proofs.html (1159 words)

	affirming the antecedent - Information from Reference.com
		The opposite to this fallacy is affirming the antecedent and is a sound argument.
		Affirming the Consequent · Affirming the Consequent · Affirming the Consequent ·
		Affirming the Consequent are most likely to seem valid when we assume the...
	www.reference.com /search?q=affirming%20the%20antecedent&db=web (169 words)

	Logic-all.html
		The fallacy of affirming the consequent is another invalid argument form that is also a counterfeit version of the valid forms of modus ponens and modus tollens.
		of affirming the disjunct is an invalid argument form that is a counterfeit of the dis)unctive syllogism.
		disjunctive statement a statement that asserts that at least one of two alternatives is true was "Either Howard is married or he is single," then the truth of one statement would imply the falsity of the other.
	faculty.mc3.edu /barmstro/somelogic.html (8489 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If the firs t disjunct is true, then combine it with the first premiss to obtain a modus tollens argument that the first disjunct of the conclusion is true.
		If the second disjunct is true, then combine it with the second premiss to obtain a modus tollens argument tha t the second disjunct of the conclusion is true.
		\par }\pard \s2\ql \fi-270\li270\ri0\nowidctlpar{\\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin270\itap0 {\insrsid6628062 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s2 \f37\fs32 \loch\af37\dbch\af0\hich\f37 \'7a\tab}}\pard \s2\ql \fi-270\li270\ri0\nowidctlpar{\\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnf37\pnfs32 {\pntxtb z}}\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin270\itap0 {\insrsid6628062 This is a counterexample to the validity of affirming a disjunct.
	people.cohums.ohio-state.edu /Cole253/150Lec10.rtf (562 words)

	PHI 165
		Given a disjunction and the negation of the first disjunct you may conclude that the second disjunct is true.
		Use DS to "detach" the second disjunct of a disjunction.
		Remember that disjunctions do not assert both disjuncts; they state only that one or the other (or both) is true.
	www.nku.edu /~garns/165/ppt7_1.html (764 words)

	Exclusive disjunction - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Exclusive disjunction (usual symbol xor) is a logical operator that results in true if one of the operands, but not both of them, is true.
		a plus sign ("+") or a plus sign that is modified in some way, such as being put inside a circle (" $\oplus$ "); this is used because exclusive disjunction corresponds to addition modulo 2 (where 0+0 = 1+1 = 0, and 0+1 = 1+0 = 1), if F = 0 and T = 1.
		Exclusive disjunction, Definition, Symbols, Associativity and commutativity, Bitwise operation, In computer science and See also.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Xor (641 words)

	Affirming a disjunct - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Affirming a disjunct
		Affirming a disjunct - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Affirming a disjunct.
		Here you will find more informations about Affirming a disjunct.
		The orginal Affirming a disjunct article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Affirming-a-disjunct.html (209 words)

	Aletheuo - Speaking The Truth
		The middle part of the presentation is a disjunctive syllogism of agent or non-agent causation.
		The arguments used in The Challenge are logically valid and since each disjunction is comprised of contradictory disjuncts, a fl and white fallacy is avoided since there is no way to escape between the horns.
		Since the challenge terminates on a decisive denial at any disjunction, one is not led in the presentation to the final outcome of worlds W1 through W5 — I leave that pursuit to the participant.
	www.apologetics.net /challenge_to_Challenge.htm (1679 words)

	Propositional Syllogisms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The order of the disjuncts does not matter (the meaning of a disjunction stays the same if one switches the disjuncts), so unique names for each position is unnecessary (unlike the hypothetical proposition with its antecedent and consequent).
		A disjunctive syllogism consists of a disjunction for the first premise and a premise which either affirms or denies a disjunct.
		The reason affirming a disjunct and then denying the other disjunct in the conclusion seems to work is that sometimes the word "or" is used in an exclusive sense.
	skyway.usask.ca /~wiebeb/Propositional.html (1333 words)

	Logic Notes
		The disjunctive syllogism is a valid argument with two premises and a conclusion.
		One of the premises is a disjunction, i.e., of the form ‘either p or q.’ The other premise is the denial or negation of one of the disjuncts.
		This is the inclusive sense of the disjunction.
	www.uwplatt.edu /~drefcins/logic.htm (3193 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Disjunctive syllogism
		A disjunctive syllogism, is a classically valid, simple argument form:
		Note that the disjunctive syllogism works whether 'or' is considered 'exclusive' or 'inclusive' disjunction.
		Unlike modus ponendo ponens and modus ponendo tollens, with which it should not be confused, disjunctive syllogism is often not made an explicit rule or axiom of logical systems, as the above arguments can be proven with a (slightly devious) combination of reductio ad absurdum and disjunction elimination.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Disjunctive_syllogism (344 words)

	Read about Disjunctive syllogism at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Disjunctive syllogism and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The reason this is called "disjunctive syllogism" is that, first, it is a
		"Either P or Q" is a disjunction; P and Q are called the statement's disjuncts.
		The popular English language concept of or is often ambiguated between these two meanings, but the difference is pivotal in evaluating disjunctive arguments.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Disjunctive_syllogism (265 words)

	Affirming a disjunct earthsea Affirming a disjunct
		Search for Affirming A Disjunct in your area.
		Search for affirming a disjunct at UTN and get results.
		Either A or B (this is the disjunct) A (Affirming the middle term) Therefore, not B
	www.find-ask.com /Encyclopedia/Affirming_a_disjunct/Affirming_a_disjunct.html (241 words)

	Expert About di:Disjunct
		Disjunct Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) emergents in tropical rainforest.
		Affirming a disjunct - explanation-Guide.info - for information, definition, meaning, reference - free encyclopedia, glossary of terms
		Affirming A Disjunct Affirming The Consequent Affirming The
	www.expertsite.biz /dir/di/disjunct.5.htm (444 words)

	disjunct definition from the Dictionary of Words Online
		1913 webster disjunct tetrachords mus., tetrachords so disposed to each other that the gravest note of the upper is one note higher than the acutest note of the other.
		As a form of argument, Affirming One Disjunct is perfectly valid for...
		Disjunct tetrachords (Mus.), tetrachords so disposed to each other...
	www.dictionaryofwords.com /disjunct_pag1.html (220 words)

	Re: modus ponens & modus tollens?
		Ponens means affirming, from ponere, to affirm, to take a stand.
		That is, by denying either alternant (p or q) in the minor, we affirm the other alternant in the conclusion.
		By affirming either disjunct (p or q) in the minor, we deny the other disjunct in the conclusion.
	www.mail-archive.com /tips@fre.fsu.umd.edu/msg10337.html (240 words)

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