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Topic: Afforestation

In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

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	Unasylva - No. 92 - Afforestation of treeless areas
		Afforestation has been successful in general, it is true, but certainly many failures could have been avoided if more information on the biology of mycorrhizal fungi and the ecology of their symbiotic association had been available.
		Although afforestation trials failed in numerous countries before the introduction of mycorrhizal inoculum, there still remains the possibility that some potential mycorrhiza-formers were present, but that they were either inefficient symbionts or in an inactive state.
		In the face of their tremendous afforestation programmes, developing countries are in urgent need of research in order to obtain a, reliable scientific foundation for practical work and to guarantee its successful outcome.
	www.fao.org /docrep/87903e/87903e08.htm (9570 words)

	Afforestation
		Afforestation is the planting of trees for commercial purposes, usually on land supporting non-forest veld types, e.g.
		pines and gums) used in local afforestation do well in South Africa because they are not attacked by the insect pests and plant diseases which affect the trees in their country of origin.
		It has been suggested that large scale afforestation could successfully absorb the CO2 generated by the burning of the fossil fuels, coal and oil.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /Envfacts/facts/afforestation.htm (888 words)

	AFFORESTATION IN EUROPE – EXPERI
		Afforestation means the initiation of a forest creation process and the reproduction of a forest ecosystem on lands that are of little or absolutely no use for other forms of land management.
		Apart from its economic functions, the task of afforestation is to ensure restitution of the natural environment, especially by strengthening and extending the protective functions of the forest.
		The balanced development of rural areas, new possibilities for financing afforestation projects from state budgets or EU funds as well as technical and technological solutions for the afforestation of waste lands and marginal soils are some of the more important aspects of afforestation that are met with on a daily basis.
	www.ibles.waw.pl /proforest/afforest_europe.html (1510 words)

	E. Elena Songster \| Cultivating the Nation in Fujian's Forests: Forest Policies and Afforestation Efforts in China, ...
		Afforestation and timber regulation efforts that grew from mere policy in 1914 into enforced practice in 1929 demonstrate how governmental regulation actually disrupted the industry that its afforestation campaigns were designed to support.
		At the convention Ceng Jikuang, an afforestation advocate, argued that Sun Yat-sen's "Three Principles of the People" could not be achieved without afforestation, and claimed that tree planting thus served as a foundation of the new nation, and as a fundamental prerequisite for nationalism, democracy, and a decent livelihood.
		The nationalization of afforestation projects was supposed to reverse the degradation of the forest in the Fujian hills and restore the national wood supply.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/eh/8.3/songster.html (9705 words)

	Afforestation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Afforestation is the process of converting open land into a forest by planting trees or their seeds.
		The term may also be applied to the legal conversion of land into the status of royal forest.
		Aside from commercial purposes, afforestation is also undertaken by government and other authorities to create recreational woodland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afforestation (97 words)

	[No title]
		The provisions of ORS 526.490 shall be called the afforestation incentive and OAR 629-611-0000 to 629-611-0020 shall be known as the afforestation incentive rules.
		Subsection (c) provides that if, after the afforestation of the parcel, a wildlife species from the specified resource list establishes a normally-protected habitat site in the new stand, the trees may be harvested under the exemption, but the Forest Practices Forester may prohibit that harvesting during the annual critical period of site use.
		To be certified eligible for the afforestation incentive, the parcel’s afforestation must meet or exceed the reforestation rule standards for acceptable species, adequate stocking, and free to grow condition found in OAR Chapter 629 Division 610 of the forest practice rules.
	www.oregon.gov /ODF/PRIVATE_FORESTS/docs/fp/oldguidance/Division611.doc (3462 words)

	Afforestation and Agricultural Development in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi
		Except for the Liwa oasis, little afforestation or agricultural development work had been undertaken prior to 1975 either in the private or in the public sector in the Western region of Abu Dhabi.
		Thus a total of about 18000 hectares in the public sector is earmarked at the moment to be afforested in the Western region and of this over 8000 hectares have since been planted during the last about five years.
		Among the various afforestation projects being executed in the Western region mention may be made of the Al Bujair nursery project which was started in 1977 to produce primarily tree seedlings required for our afforestation projects.
	www.enhg.org /bulletin/b14/14_22.htm (1783 words)

	National Afforestation and Eco-development Board
		Sealed bids are invited from reputed Firms/Companies for the Annual Maintenance Contract for Computers/Lap Tops/Printers/Scanners, Projector and other related peripherals installed in National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests in New Delhi and at the residences of entitled Officers within the municipal limit of the city of Delhi/New Delhi.(Last Date:3.00 p.m.
		Sealed quotations are invited for supply of Stationery and consumable items in the Ministry of Environment and Forests, National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board, Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, New Delhi as per terms and conditions detailed out in the following paragraphs, from interested firms having requisite experience in supply of Stationery and consumable items.
		Sealed quotations are invited for supply of Computer/Fax consumable items in the Ministry of Environment and Forests, National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board, Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, New Delhi as per terms and conditions detailed out in the following paragraphs, from interested firms having requisite experience in supply of Computer/Fax consumable items.
	envfor.nic.in /naeb/welcome.html (581 words)

	ATO ID 2006/261 - Self Managed Superannuation Funds: leasehold interest in an afforestation arrangement
		The afforestation arrangement provides for the growing of trees on an identified area of land, the maintenance, harvest and sale of the trees and a right to proceeds of that sale.
		The afforestation arrangement involves the interest in the real property and an agreement with another entity with respect to the management of the property, the planting of the trees, their maintenance and their eventual harvest and sale.
		It should be noted that subsection 66(2A) of the SISA may allow for the acquisition of the afforestation arrangement where the asset is an in-house asset and its acquisition does not result in the level of in-house assets held by the fund exceeding the level permitted by Part 8 of the SISA.
	law.ato.gov.au /atolaw/view.htm?docid=AID/AID2006261/00001 (593 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for afforestation
		Processes influencing soil carbon storage following afforestation of pasture with Pinus radiata at different stocking densities in New Zealand.
		New afforestation method to dominate China's forestry efforts.
		NEC "Ecotonoha" web project supports afforestation activities; 100 clicks results in the planting of 1 extra tree.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=afforestation (215 words)

	Effect of afforestation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In this study, the visual impacts of gradual afforestation were evaluated by private non-industrial forest and agricultural landowners, potential recreationists, and professionals of land use management.
		The scenic beauty of 32 different rural landscapes was assessed from slides, which were produced from nine original pictures by image-capture technology (ICT), with the open landscape becoming gradually afforested in three stages.
		Scenic beauty was evaluated using a pairwise comparison technique and by rating landscapes using a scale from 1 to 10.
	gis.joensuu.fi /research/maaseutu/abs1.htm (207 words)

	BEEP BioEthics Education Project: Afforestation
		Afforestation is a special form of agriculture called silviculture.
		Afforestation is the commercial planting of trees on land that once had forests e.g.
		Unfortunately this is not always the case and afforestation can often reduce biodiversity and cause loss of valuable habitats such as ‘blanket/peat bogs’ and heather moor.
	www.beep.ac.uk /content/211.0.html (334 words)

	Afforestation
		Afforestation : the establishment of trees on an area that has lacked forestcover for a very long time or has never been forested.
		Afforestation of marginal agricultural land in the lower...
		All the afforestation and reforestation projects reported for 2002 were...
	www.mongabay.com /reference/environment/Afforestation.html (426 words)

	MANGROVE AFFORESTATION
		Mangrove afforestation was first started during the late 1950s in China, with a break during 1966 to 1979 and was initiated again in 1980 (Baowen et al.
		In Indonesia mangrove afforestation, which was started at Sinjai, Sulawesi during 1985 under the initiative of a private fishermen's group, achieved success and recognition throughout the country (Choudhury 1996).
		Mangrove afforestation requires a period of about 75 days of "intensive care" from the date of planting, while replacement of washed-off, eroded, crab damaged, sickly and dead seedlings needs to be undertaken along with action to facilitate drainage, remove rubbish and dump brush wood to combat erosion (Choudhury 1996).
	www.fao.org /forestry/docrep/wfcxi/PUBLI/V6/T386E/1-8.HTM (1546 words)

	For success in afforestation
		IT is heartening to note that the government has been taking considerable interest in afforestation by encouraging the plantation of trees countrywide.
		The clearing of vegetation and forests in the last three decades was seen directly linked to the rapid rise of population and their consumptive habits.
		The mass media is being used to spread the message of afforestation at grassroots level.Advertisements in newspapers and short publicities in cinema halls and radio are noted to this end.
	nation.ittefaq.com /artman/exec/view.cgi/8/3284/printer (507 words)

	Afforestation and plantation forestry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In particular, it is often not easy to distinguish between afforestation and either rehabilitation of degraded forest ecosystems or enrichment planting, or between plantation forests and various forms of trees on farms.
		The definition proposed by FAO to the 1967 World Symposium on man-made forests and their industrial importance, which uses as its criterion land use changes associated with afforestation or reforestation, has been the basis of subsequent official estimates (eg Pandy 1995), and is adopted here for the sake of consistency.
		Afforestation with this intent began on a large scale in the late 1970s (Pandy 1995), as the international forestry community began to focus on how trees could better meet the needs of the world's poorest people.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /Depts/RSPAS/RMAP/kanow.htm (4633 words)

	Afforestation drive gets a rural boost-Pune-Cities-NEWS-The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Announcing this to mediapersons on a field visit to the Mirjewadi village in Khed taluka of the Pune district on Thursday, Jagdish Kishwan, inspector general of forests, government of India, expressed satisfaction with the rate of afforestation in the country.
		According to Kishwan, the respective state forest departments had covered a total of 3,80,000 hectares, against the 10th five year plan (2002-'07) afforestation target of 5,00,000 hectares in India.
		Kishwan said all the 28 states in the country, with the exception of Delhi, had adopted the Nap programme, with Meghalaya being the latest.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow/1048275.cms (600 words)

	Afforestation
		Work with the Village Panchayat and obtain the cooperation of the community to afforest this marginal land.
		Afforest the region with local trees grown in the BCRT nursery.
		Gowda proposed the idea of afforestation in the village Panchayat and wondered if the village was willing to give the ‘Manti’ freely for this purpose.
	www.bcrt.org /afforestation.htm (536 words)

	Brief Outline of Masters Dissertation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Several hydrological studies claim that available water resources in a catchment are affected by large scale afforestation, especially where the regional rainfall is considered marginal for the support of silviculture.
		The studies currently include, monitoring the infiltration and redistribution of soil water on a hillslope as well as monitoring of interflow mechanisms and localised mechanisms of soil water accumulation influenced by the topography and geology of the catchment.
		Afforestation in southern Africa is occurring more frequently on these hillslope headwater regions and DWAF (1995), cited by Summerton (1995) has estimated that commercial forest plantations are reducing the available water of South Africa by 3.5% (which is approximately 7.6% of the country's total current water demand).
	www.icfrnet.unp.ac.za /~esprey/abstract.htm (2128 words)

	Habitat Quality of Farmland Targeted for Planting under Farm Afforestation Programme
		The natural heritage value of this marginal agricultural land is inadequately recognised at national policy level, creating an impediment towards the attainment of the conservation of biological diversity in the wider countryside.
		The afforestation programme is included as one of the four measures funded under the CAP Rural Development Plan: 2000-2006.
		Sites for investigation will be broadly representative of the types of land that has recently been afforested, or is likely to be afforested in the near future.
	www.heritagecouncil.ie /wildlife/afforestation1.html (342 words)

	Preserving gains of afforestation
		But there is also much worry about the ultimate gains to accrue from afforestation measures in absence of well-meaning measures against continuing deforestation in some areas.
		The rate of deforestation is probably higher than the rate of afforestation.
		The goal of afforestation and the gains thereof can only be felt years after the implementation of such policies and projects.
	nation.ittefaq.com /artman/exec/view.cgi/24/13995 (362 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Afforestation
		Afforestation process of planting trees on land formerly used for purposes other than forestry.
		The coastal afforestation programme provides environmental protection against cyclones and associated storm surges and tidal bores as well.
		For the sustainable management of forest resources, it is thus necessary to ensure active participation of the people at large, especially the womenfolk as trees have always been central to women's life-style.
	banglapedia.org /HT/A_0054.HTM (492 words)

	Change in Soil Carbon Following Afforestation or Reforestation - NCAS Technical Report No. 20
		Determination of change in soil carbon (C) after afforestation and reforestation is relevant to Australia's National Carbon Accounting System (NCAS) and estimation of change in soil C stocks over the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, 2008-2012.
		This report reviews the current 'state-of-knowledge' of the effects of afforestation on soil C. Under the Commonwealth Government forest industry initiative, Vision 2020, the area of plantation in Australia is projected to increase by about two million ha by 2020 over that present in 1996.
		Because of the number and complexity of soil and site processes involved, the effect of afforestation on soil C stocks is best predicted through a verified modelling approach.
	www.greenhouse.gov.au /ncas/reports/tr20final.html (379 words)

	Afforestation on Hakim Gara mountain said encouraging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The inhabitants told WIC that migration of wild animals was serious and soil erosion grave as deforestations was severe.
		However, the inhabitants said the afforestation campaign launched by Harrar Beer Share Company is brining about the desired results and the soil is restoring its fertility.
		He said the afforestation would be further strengthened on the mountain and other areas.
	www.geocities.com /akababi/hakim.html (142 words)

	KENYA WOODFUEL AND AFFORESTATION PROGRAM
		The afforested areas not be converted to agricultural use.
		As improvements in timber yields and quality are critical to commercial success, research for better tree husbandry practices and better seed through breeding became an important part of the forest industry.
		As a result of the collaborative afforestation initiatives, 23,000 ha have been planted with trees up to now, in comparison with 12,000 ha clear-felled since 1974.
	www.worldbank.org /afr/afr_for/interim/skenya-2.htm (657 words)

	Bottomland hardwood afforestation: State of the art
		These afforestation efforts were initially concentrated on public land managed by State or Federal Government agencies, but have later shifted towards private holdings that qualified for governmental assistance or cost-share programs.
		Traditional silvicultural practices dominate bottomland hardwood afforestation schemes in the South, with 1-0 bare-root oak (Quercus spp.) seedlings comprising the balance of planting stock mixtures.
		We identify four vital components of afforestation that are generally lacking in most regeneration activities in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley.
	www.srs.fs.usda.gov /pubs/20151 (501 words)

	The Hindu : Front Page : State yet to surrender land for afforestation
		An extent of 124 hectares of land in the possession of the Revenue Department in Kambakkallu-Kadaveri region in Idukki district was supposed to be handed over to the Forest Department in June for `compensatory afforestation' to fulfil the environmental stipulation for diverting an equal area of forest land for the development of Sabarimala.
		Even the Cabinet decision earmarking the region for `compensatory afforestation' was not fully in accordance with the spirit of the MoEF's stipulations, according to people who know the field realities.
		If the term `afforestation' denotes the process of transforming an area that is not under forest cover into a forested area, Kambakkallu-Kadaveri region is just not in any need of `compensatory afforestation,' according to conservation officials.
	www.hindu.com /2005/08/24/stories/2005082413090100.htm (474 words)

	BOGFOR Projects homepage: afforestation of cutaway peatland in Ireland
		Large scale afforestation of milled-cutaway bog was initiated without adequate research into establishment and management techniques being carried out on this particular site type.
		BOGFOR 3 Project aims to address the problems of the cutaway bogs and to develop a new approach to their afforestation and subsequent management.
		It is only sensible to put sufficient effort into basic as well as applied research to maintain the ability to produce answers in the context of future political and economical circumstances which cannot be predicted.
	www.ucd.ie /ferg/Research/Projects/BOGFOR/index.html (650 words)

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