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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Afonso II of Portugal
		With Portugal position as a country firmly established, Afonso II endeavoured to weaken the power of the clergy and to apply a portion of the enormous revenues of the Catholic church to purposes of national utility.
		Afonso II of Portugal, known as the Fat, third king of Portugal, was born in Coimbra in April 23, 1185 and died in March 25, 1233 in the same city.
		Afonso was born on February 8 1263 and in 1287 married Violante of Castile, daughter of Castilian Prince Juan Manuel of Castile.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Afonso-II-of-Portugal (2263 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal and Teresa of LeÃ³n, the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and LeÃ³n.
		Afonso wed Mafalda of Savoy, daughter of Count Amadeo III of Savoy, and sent Ambassadors to Rome to negotiate with the Pope.
		Afonso married in 1146 Mafalda or Maud of Savoy (1125-1158), daughter of Amadeo III, Count of Savoy, and Mafalda of Albon.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Afonso_I_of_Portugal (1306 words)

	Chapter 6: History of Spain and Portugal
		Afonso's son and heir, Sancho I (1185-1211), continued the military struggle, but devoted himself especially to institutional development, repopulation and the founding of towns, and the patronage of letters.
		The long reign of Afonso IV (1325-1357) involved disputes and war with Castile, but this did not prevent the appearance of a large Portuguese contingent beside the Castilians at the battle of Salado (1340), in which the last invasion from Morocco was decisively defeated.
		Afonso IV's most famous act was his execution of Ines de Castro, Castilian mistress of his heir Pedro, for involving the Portuguese throne in the internal conflicts of Castile.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne6.htm (7159 words)

	Afonso I of Kongo Summary
		Afonso I (often spelled "Affonso" as he did in his own letters, translated in English as Alphonzo or Alphonse) Mvemba a Nzinga of Kongo (c.
		Afonso was assisted in his attempt by his mother, who kept news of João's death and gave Afonso time to return to the capital city of Mbanza Kongo and gather followers.
		In 1526 Afonso wrote a series of letters complaining about the behavior of the Portuguese in his country and their role in the developing slave trade.
	www.bookrags.com /Afonso_I_of_Kongo (1396 words)

	Afonso I of Portugal Summary
		Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal and Teresa of León, the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León.
		In 1169, Afonso was disabled in an engagement near Badajoz by a fall from his horse, and made prisoner by the soldiers of the king of León.
		Afonso married in 1146 Mafalda or Maud of Savoy (1125-1158), daughter of Amadeo III, Count of Savoy, and Mafalda of Albon.
	www.bookrags.com /Afonso_I_of_Portugal (1836 words)

	Beule letter
		But it was not until Afonso was transferred to the Central Hospital in Maputo and operated upon, that anyone knew that the swelling of his eye and head was due to cancer.
		Afonso wanted to be at home and his father, who stayed by his side constantly, wanted him to be there.
		Afonso rode home on the bus and had a couple of days with his family before he was released from his suffering.
	personalpages.tds.net /~lcgilley/Beule.html (827 words)

	Afonso I Henriques of Portugal Biography
		Afonso, born at Guimarães in July 25, 1109 was the son of Henry, Count of Portugal, count of Portugal and princess Teresa of Leon.
		Afonso married Mafalda, daughter of the Amadeo III count of Savoy, and sent ambassadors to Rome to negotiate with the pope.
		In 1167, Afonso was disabled during an engagement near Badajoz by a fall from his horse, and made prisoner by the soldiers of the king of Leon.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Afonso_I_Henriques_of_Portugal.html (956 words)

	AFONSO I, Angola/Congo/Zaire/Dem. Rep. of Congo, Catholic
		Manikongo Afonso I, the greatest king of the Kongo, reigned from 1506 to 1545.
		Afonso was born Mvemba Nzinga and son of the manikongo - the king - of the Kongo, who in 1482 made the first contact with the Portuguese.
		Afonso promoted Christianity diligently, destroying traditional religious symbols and building churches and schools, but the few missionaries he was sent proved to be lazy, corrupt, and venal; they took concubines and lived as nobility.
	www.dacb.org /stories/congo/afonso1.html (675 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He was the third but only surviving son of Afonso IV of Portugal and his wife, princess Beatrice of Castile.
		Afonso IV married his daughter Maria to Alfonso XI of Castile, but quickly learned that she was being mistreated by her husband.
		This is the official motive behind Afonso's next actions: he sent three men to find Inês and murder her in 1355.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Peter_I_of_Portugal (883 words)

	Afonso I
		Afonso's attempts to control and later abolish the slave trade were futile, as the Portugese appetite for slaves was insatiable.
		Afonso balanced the forces affecting his kingdom by catering to the indulgences of the nobility.
		Afonso's death in 1543 went unnoticed by the king of Portugal.
	www.blackhistorypages.net /pages/afonsoi.php (783 words)

	Afonso II of Portugal Biography
		Afonso II of Portugal, known as the Fat, third king of Portugal, was born in Coimbra in April 23, 1185 and died in March 25, 1233 in the same city.
		Afonso II did not pursue territory enlargement policies and managed to insure peace with Castile during his reign.
		With Portugal position as a country firmly established, Afonso II endeavoured to weaken the power of the clergy and to apply a portion of the enormous revenues of the Catholic church to purposes of national utility.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Afonso_II_of_Portugal.html (409 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		IPA /'sɐʃu/; rarely translated to Sanctius I), nicknamed the Populator (Portuguese o Povoador), second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11, 1154 in Coimbra and died on March 26, 1212 in the same city.
		In 1170, Sancho was knighted by his father, King Afonso I, and from then on he became his second in command, both administratively and militarily.
		With the death of Afonso I in 1185, Sancho I became the second king of Portugal.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Sancho_I_of_Portugal (611 words)

	AFRICAN POLITICAL ETHICS AND THE SLAVE TRADE
		Afonso's letter is a letter of complaint, yet his grief is not about the purchasing or disposing of slaves, it is that he was cheated, work was paid for but not done, or priests neglected their vows.
		It reveals, as Afonso's correspondence also does, that she was accustomed to a slave trade, that it was licit under her laws, as under Kongo's, and she both held and sold slaves as a matter of course.
		Afonso complained that this was their regular practice, his complaint against them was that they worked slow, not that they bought slaves--they had done very little, he thought in the past five years (i.e.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~winthrop/Thornton.html (6590 words)

	An African Voice of Protest
		Afonso promoted the introduction of European culture in his kingdom by adopting Christianity as the state religion (although most of his subjects, especially those in the hinterlands, were unaffected), imitating the etiquette of the Portuguese royal court, and using Portuguese as the language of state business.
		European firearms, horses, and cattle, as well as new foods from the Americas, became common in Kongo, and Afonso dreamed of achieving a powerful and prosperous state through cooperation with the Europeans.
		The documents are part of a collection of twenty-four letters that Afonso and his Portuguese-educated, native secretaries dispatched to the kings of Portugal on a variety of issues.
	www.wfu.edu /~watts/w04_Africa.html (659 words)

	Afonso I biography - S9.com
		This was evident, when he took the side of the Archbishop of Braga against her mother.
		Afonso was exiled for two years under the watch of the bishop.
		The Treaty of Zamora was created to established peace between the cousins and Portugal must be recognized as an independent kingdom from Castile and Leon.
	www.s9.com /Biography/Afonso-I-Henriques (308 words)

	D. Afonso Henriques (English Version)
		Clever as he is, Afonso Henriques is aware that the Portuguese cities share cultural and ideological bonds, in addition to their desire of being free from Castile.
		Afonso Henriques expands his territories using the excuse that he is driving the Moors back to where they came from.
		Afonso Henriques, Founding Father of the Portuguese Nation, dies on December 6, 1185, in Coimbra, where he was born.
	www.vidaslusofonas.pt /afonso_henriques2.htm (4107 words)

	Sirocco :: Robbing the Congo. Part I: a deal with the Devil :: January :: 2006
		Unfortunately, in keeping with the traditions of his society, Afonso agreed with the Church that slavery was consistent with the faith.
		Though the considerable revenues financed the hiring of priests, artisans and teachers as well as luxuries for the ever-wealthier nobility, and enabled the empire to expand until it was one of the mightiest on the continent, these gains would prove sadly ephemeral.
		Afonso wished to keep the slave trade under his control so it could be taxed, and not least, prevent the abduction of his own free subjects.
	sirocco.blogsome.com /2006/01/15/robbing-the-congo-part-i-a-deal-with-the-devil (2280 words)

	Afonso I
		Afonso Henriques declared himself King in 1139, but was only confirmed in this by the Pope forty years later.
		In 1160 Afonso Henriques’ daughter was betrothed to Count Ramon Berenguer of Provence, son of Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona, but the count died before the marriage.
		As Afonso grew older, he handed his mission on to his son, Sancho.
	www.thornr.demon.co.uk /kchrist/afonso1.html (331 words)

	Heart of Darkness: : From Kongo to Congo: The History Of The Belgian Congo (To 1963) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Afonso I was considered the most capable Catholic King because of the relations with Europe that he opened for his people.
		With King Afonso I’s death in 1545 the Kingdom was in near ruin.
		Afonso I was succeeded by King Diogo I. He tried to hold the Congo together during violent civil war, which was also fueled by the Portuguese government.
	caxton.stockton.edu /hod/history (3577 words)

	Afonso II of Portugal - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Hitherto, Sancho I his father and Afonso I his grandfather, were mostly concerned with military issues either against the neighbouring Castile or against the Moors in the South.
		Afonso II also sent ambassadors to European kingdoms outside the Iberian Peninsula and began amiable commercial relations with most of them.
		After being excommunicated for his audacities by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the church, but he died in 1233 before doing any serious attempts to it.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=1658 (447 words)

	Kingdom of Portugal
		Afonso I did not like the Count of Trave, a Galician, and considered his mother to be under his influence.
		Afonso I with the help of the Archbishop of Braga and other nobles decided to take the kingdom away from Teresa.
		In June 24, 1128 in the battle of Sao Mamede Afonso Henriques defeated the forces lead by his mother, Teresa de Leon and her lover Fernado Peres, count of Trave, at the time the regent of the county of Portugal.
	www.portugal.com /history/thekingdom/kingdom.asp (429 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Afonso
		A military man, he was commissioned in 1530 to drive the French corsairs from the Brazilian coasts and to establish colonies.
		The son of Afonso I, he resettled depopulated areas of Portugal, established new towns, and rebuilt frontier strongholds and castles.
		The second son of Afonso X, he won the backing of nobles and military orders in his effort to gain recognition as heir, and he usurped the throne on his father's death.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Afonso&StartAt=1 (653 words)

	Madeira island - Historic images \| kings
		First king of Portugal, D. Afonso I or D.Afonso Henriques born in Guimarães in 1109, son of Count Henri de Bourgogne and D. Teresa, married D.Mafalda daughter of Amadeu III Count of Saboia.
		Third king of Portugal, D.Afonso II born in Coimbra in 1186, son of D. Sancho I and Queen D. Dulce, married D.Urraca daughter of Afonso VIII of Castela.
		Fourth king of Portugal, D.Sancho II born in Coimbra in 1209, son of D. Afonso II and Queen D.Urraca, married D.Mécia Lopes de Haro daughter of Lopo Diaz de Haro, senor of Biscaia.
	www.madeiraarchipelago.com /history/?see=images&of=kings (352 words)

	HotBot Web Search for afonso
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	www.hotbot.com /index.php?ps=null&loc=related6&tab=web&provKey=Inktomi&query=afonso (246 words)

	Portugal in Europe photo - Dias dos Reis photos at pbase.com
		The first Portuguese flag, of D. Afonso HenriquesPortugal traces its emergence as a nation to 24 June 1128, with the Battle of São Mamede by Afonso I. On 5 October 1143 Portugal was formally recognized.
		Afonso, aided by the Templar Knights, continued to conquer southern lands from the Moors.
		In 1418 two captains of Prince Henry the Navigator, were driven by a storm to an island which they called Porto Santo, or Holy Port, in gratitude for their rescue from the shipwreck.
	www.pbase.com /image/16559200 (1382 words)

	European royalty -- Portuguese monarchs
		Alfonso I, also called Afonso Henriques, seeking independence from the Crown of Leone, petitioned and won from the pope the title of King of Portugal.
		King Afonso Henriques had a primitive navy that was involved in constant skirmishes with Moorish vessels in the Strait of Gibraltar.
		The son of King João IV, Afonso was paralyzed and unsound in mind, and was deposed in 1667 and exiled to the Azores by his brother Pedro, who acted as regent until Afonso's death.
	histclo.com /royal/por/royal-porm.htm (2556 words)

	Portugal
		Portuguese exploration of the west coast of Africa, a project begun by Henry the Navigator, prince of Portugal, continued during the reign of Alfonso V. Afonso VI (1643-1683) King of Portugal 1656-67, son of John IV.
		Son of John I and father of Afonso V. Reformed royal land-grant laws; supported work of his brother, Prince Henry the Navigator; led unsuccessful expedition against Tangier (1437); wrote two prose works: O Leal conselheiro ("The Loyal Councilor") and a book of instruction in horsemanship.
		Son of Afonso II and grandson of Sancho I; defeated Moors at Tavira and Cacela (1238-39); reign marked by internal disorders; inability to govern led to deposition by Pope Innocent IV (1245); administration entrusted to his brother Afonso (later Afonso III).
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/portugal.htm (7374 words)

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