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Topic: Roman province of Africa

	Roman Africa - LoveToKnow 1911
		From 25 B.C. the Roman province of Africa comprised the whole of the region between the mouth of the Ampsaga (Wad Rummel, Wad el Kebir) on the west, and the two tumuli called the altars of the Philaeni, the immutable boundary between Tripolitana and Cyrenaica, on the east (Tissot ii.
		In the partition of the government of the provinces of the Roman empire between the senate and the emperor, Africa fell to the senate, and was henceforth administered by a proconsul.
		The bulk of the population of Roman Africa was invariably composed of three chief elements: the indigenous Berber tribes, the ancient Carthaginians of Phoenician origin and the Roman colonists.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Roman_Africa (2534 words)

	Africa Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Africa was a province of the Roman Empire.
		The province was established in 146 BC following the Third Punic War, by annexing the remaining Carthaginian territory not confiscated after previous defeats by the Romans.
		The North African provinces, together with the Roman possessions in Spain, were grouped into the Exarchate of Africa by emperor Maurice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Africa_(province) (734 words)

	Africa - Province of the Roman Empire
		Within Roman occupied Africa, the bulk of the population of was composed of three major population groups: the Berber tribes (such as Numidians, Gaetulians and Maurusiani), the ancient Carthaginians of Phoenician origin and Roman colonists.
		Besides the Afri in the regions controlled by Carthage, the tribes that took part in the wars against the Romans were the Lotophagi, the Garamantes, the Maces, the Nasamones, the Misulani or Musulamii, the Massyli and the Massaesyli.
		Romans settled and developed the area around Sitifis in the second century, but the influence of Rome beyond the original Carthaginian territories, the coastal regions and areas easily accessable by road was slow to develop.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/africa.php (862 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		The backbone of the Roman army was the citizen-soldier of some means, for the soldier had to provide his own weapons and armor.
		The Roman army was commanded by the aristocracy, with posts granted on the basis of family relations and bribes rather than ability.
		Roman law and politics was unable to deal with the political gangs, the assassinations, the terrorism, the proscriptions.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/westciv/romanrevolution.html (9302 words)

	Roman Empire 3
		Roman roads and cities appeared everywhere, and southern Gaul was so strongly influenced by the Romans that its residents called it "The Province," and it is today still known as Provence.
		Under the emperor Nero (AD 54-68), half of the Roman province of Africa belonged to six individuals, and the largest landholder was the emperor himself.
		The urban population of North Africa was Romanized, although people in the villages continued to speak the Punic language of the Carthaginians until the 4th century AD.
	www.crystalinks.com /romanempire3.html (2749 words)

	Africa Travel Overview - World Travel, Weather and News, World Travel Photos
		Africa is the world's second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia.
		The ancient Romans used the name Africa terra — "land of the Afri" (plural, or "Afer" singular) — for the northern part of the continent, corresponding to modern-day Tunisia, where the Roman province of Africa was located.
		Africa is home to the oldest inhabited territory on earth, and it is believed the human race originated from what is now this continent.
	www.worldcountries.info /Africa.htm (621 words)

	Leptis Magna Libya - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		During the Roman period, Lepcis was the Mediterranean outlet of a trade route through the Sahara into the interior of Africa.
		Roman authority in North Africa had grown so weak, however, that the Roman governor in the region would not help unless the city provided camels and provisions for his army.
		Particularly well-preserved are 2nd- and early 3rd-century Roman buildings that include the elaborate Hadrianic Baths as well the remains of the forum and basilica erected during the era of Emperor Septimius Severus.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /leptis_magna_libya.htm (946 words)

	A History of Africa, Chapter 4
		Africa played a part in the Roman drama again just a couple of years after the end of the Severan dynasty, when Maximinus, the first of the "Soldier Emperors," put a seventy-eight-year-old official, Gordian I, in charge of the province of Africa, giving him the job of collecting an oppressive new tax.
		While North Africa was arguing the fine points of theology, the rest of the Roman Empire suffered from a new wave of barbarian invasions.
		Thus, the provinces of the Roman Empire that had once required the least amount of attention from the emperors were steadily whittled down, first by Saharan tribes like the Blemmyes, then by the Vandals, and finally by the Arabs.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /africa/af04.html (19470 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: African Liturgy
		This liturgy was in use not only in the old Roman province of Africa of which Carthage was the capital, but also in Numidia and Mauretania; in fact, in all of Northern Africa from the borders of Egypt west to the Atlantic Ocean.
		This is true, also, of the Church in Africa in the second period of the history of the African liturgy which embraces the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh centuries to the beginning of the eighth century, when Christianity in Africa was practically destroyed by the Mohammedans.
		The rite for the Sacrament of Penance shows few peculiarities in Africa, so public penances were imposed and the reconciliation of penitents was effected in the same manner as in the age of Tertullian.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01194a.htm (5322 words)

	Roman provinces
		The first Roman province, Sicily, was conquered after the First Punic War (241 BCE), and the Senate decided that it had to be ruled by a praetor.
		The first provinces were ill-defined, and it was only during the late republic that provinces started to have clearly defined borders.
		In several provinces, prefects were appointed from the equestrian order (the 'second class' of the Roman elite, after the senators) were appointed.
	www.livius.org /gi-gr/governor/provinces.html (372 words)

	Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Roman victory in the Third Punic War in 146 BC brought about the conquest of Carthage and much of its north African territory.
		Most of this territory was annexed into the new province of Africa.
		If at first the Libyan dominions of Carthage were not incorporated into the province, they were annexed at a later stage.
	www.roman-empire.net /maps/empire/provinces/trajan/africa.html (56 words)

	Africa and Rome
		The rest of the continental territory was left to the descendants of Masinissa, the native king.
		Pompey recieved control of Africa, and the Numidian king of the time, Juba I, was his supporter.
		The skirmish was put down quickly and efficiently by the Roman general Dolabella, but it was obvious that Rome would have to take direct control here as well.
	www.usd.edu /~clehmann/pir/how_gain.htm (824 words)

	Colonization of Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		North Africa in particular experienced colonization from Europe and Asia Minor in the early historical period.
		Over time the city changed hands, falling to the Romans after the Third Punic War, where it served as the capital city of the Roman province of Africa.
		With the dismissal of the aging Chancellor Bismarck by Kaiser Wilhelm II, the relatively orderly colonization became a frantic scramble.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colonization_of_Africa (565 words)

	Detail Page
		Numidia, the area in North Africa roughly equivalent to modern-day Algeria, was bordered by Mauretania to the west and the Roman province of Africa to the east.
		The sea of Africa is tempestuous, and without harbours; the soil is fruitful in grain, and good for pasture, but produces few trees: here it seldom rains, and there are but few springs of water.
		The rest of Africa, as far as Mauritania, is possessed by the Numidians: the Moors are nearest to Spain.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ahdoc068 (1068 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The city began as a trading port for the ancient people of Phoenicia around 1000 BC and then became part of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis.
		These Roman structures, well preserved under sand for centuries, have made the city an important area for archaeological study since the 1920s.
		The first Roman senator from Lepcis Magna began to serve in the early 2nd century.
	www.leptismagna.com /default.asp?pg=History (270 words)

	Detail Page
		Major city on the Mediterranean coast of Africa, at the tip of a peninsula near modern Tunis; eventually the capital of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis.
		The proof of his success was documented with the fact that during his reign the capital of the province was moved from Utica to Carthage.
		Tertullian was one of the first writers to detail the persecution and survival of the church in Africa.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME0310 (681 words)

	Numidia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Today, northern Africa holds many ruins and remains that pay homage to the longevity of the architectural and cultural achievements of its previous ruler, the Roman empire.
		The densely packed cities that once stood along the coasts of Tunisia are proof of the great prosperity Africa, as a Roman province, experienced, and also show the willingness of Rome to accept Africa as part of the empire.
		Pliny did not survive long enough to eat his words regarding a large portion of Africa producing "nothing remarkable." Soon enough, not only would Africa become one of the most prosperous provinces, but also come to be known as the granary of Rome, providing two thirds of the city’s food supply.
	www.usd.edu /~clehmann/pir/numidia.htm (202 words)

	[No title]
		The time is the middle of the second century A.D., that period during which Gibbon imagined "the condition of the human race was most happy and prosperous;" the place is the region known as Tripolitania, at that time part of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis.
		In A.D. 40 control of that legion was transferred from the proconsul to an imperial legate, and from that moment Tripolitania became subject to two branches of Roman government: the civil bureaucracy which was centered at Carthage (which had been recolonized by Augustus), and the military division which had its headquarters at Lambaesis in Numidia.
		Apuleius' rhetorical prowess is largely a measure of his ability to appeal to a sense of Roman justice in a distinctly Roman setting while simultaneously administering a biting invective against his local opponents in terms which will have had a particular resonance in a town like Sabratha.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /jod/apuleius/norena.html (1147 words)

	A short history of Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Numidia becomes an ally of the Roman Empire in the war against Carthago.
		In 105 BC Numidia is conquered by the Roman Empire and it becomes in 46 part of the Roman province of Africa.
		The area is conquered by the Vandals in the fifth century, followed by the East Roman Empire in the sixth century and the Caliphate in the seventh century.
	www.electionworld.org /history/algeria.htm (571 words)

	Caligula Response Assignment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Roman biographer Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, who lived from about AD 70 to about 130, originally came from the town of Hippo Regius in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis -- today the town is called Annaba and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of Algeria.
		He held senior positions in the Roman government and had direct access to archival sources that enabled him to write with some authority about the exercise of power at the top of Roman society.
		The former historians see in Gaius a violent psychopath, the latter see a man who was trying to transform the position of the Roman emperor into something closer to an imperial court but who failed, and who, in consequence, elicited only hatred and revulsion from the Roman aristocracy.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~ekondrat/Caligula.html (429 words)

	The Roman Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Numidia, which bordered the Roman province of Africa (what had once been Carthage).
		Jugurtha was able to hold out for quite a long time (the war lasted from 112 to 104).
		Vercellae the next year, Marius won successive victories that were so decisive that the Gauls not only ceased to be a threat to Rome, they ceased to be a threat to anyone.
	history.boisestate.edu /westciv/romanrev/11.shtml (501 words)

	PromoTunisia Archeological Cities & Towns
		he cities of the Roman Province of Africa supplied the Empire with two-thirds of their supply of wheat and olive oil.
		Tuburbo Majus was built in the second and third centuries, and is known for its palaestra, its capitol, its variety of temples, and its summer and winter baths.
		The 100 km aqueduct, portions of which still stand to their full height today, supplied fresh water from the Roman fountain on Mount Zaghouan to the cisterns of Roman Carthage.
	www.promotunisia.com /cityArcheo.html (469 words)

	Index of names: Af
		125/14 A plague of locusts causes devastation in Africa and Numidia.
		82/6_ ius Hadrianus, propraetor in Africa, is burnt to death in a riot at
		67/2_ Catilina is appointed to be propraetor in the province of Africa
	www.attalus.org /names/af.html (796 words)

	Conflict10
		This political history of the Church since its establishment as the official state cult of the Roman Empire in the fourth century is a story of conspiracy, intrigue, slander, deception, mob lynchings, falsification, fabrication, and suppression of documents, even war, all carried out under the guise of religion.
		(From Byzantium and the Roman Primacy by Francis Dvornik)
		He also caused the Councils of the Bishops of the Roman Province of Africa to meet in the Capital of the Province, Carthage, and to follow the Protocols of the Meetings of both the Senate of Rome and the Carthaginian Roman Provincial Magistrates (see Dvornik, p.
	people.uncw.edu /zervosg/PR238/Conflict10.htm (1722 words)

	Map of Tunisia. Honeymoon in North Africa
		Look at the map and you'll see that Tunis is north of the southernmost tip of Italy.
		The Romans made the short hop across the straits of Sicily to conquer Cartage and establish the Roman province of Africa.
		O yes, galactic traveller, there is a land where fabled cities arise from the sand, where gnomes have left behind their warrens of dwellings, where sleek craft hover millimeters above the surface, free from gravitational bonds.
	www.travelinstyle.com /tunisia/map.html (153 words)

	Michael C. Carlos Museum: Permanent Collection: Ancient Near Eastern Art
		At the end of the third century A.D., the Emperor Diocletian divided the great Roman province of Africa Proconsularis into smaller provinces, including Byzacena, now the greater part of modern Tunisia.
		Shelton was financed by an Atlanta cotton merchant, John A. Manget, to purchase a substantial number of archaeological artifacts for the Museum.
		The letter-cutter would then carve the letters, here in Roman capitals characteristic of the early fourth century A.D. The letter-cutter, however, consistently mistook the ordinator's letter T for the letter I. The decorative flourishes signal the end of the fourth and fifth lines.
	carlos.emory.edu /COLLECTION/NEAREAST/neareast06.html (340 words)

	About Lepcis Magna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Originally founded by the Phoenicians in the 10th Century BC, it survived the attention of Spartan colonists, became a Punic city and eventually part of the new Roman province of Africa around 23 BC.
		As a Roman city it prospered, boasting Emperor L Septimius Severus as one of its sons and benefactors.
		Since then the incredible remains of this city (one of the best preserved Roman cities) have attracted less attention than they deserve - especially since the political situation in Libya has made travel to the site difficult and tourism a virtual impossibility.
	www.alnpete.co.uk /lepcis/about.html (338 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Reading: Read the biography of the emperor Gaius/Caligula in your textbook: Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars.
		The Roman biographer Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus lived from about AD 70 to about AD 130 -- he was therefore a contemporary of the Greek biographer Plutarch.
		Suetonius probably came from the town of Hippo Regius in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis -- today the town is called Annaba and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of Algeria.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~bshaw/caligula.html (463 words)

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