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Topic: Africa Province, Roman Empire

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	Roman Empire - MSN Encarta
		The Romans and their empire gave cultural and political shape to the subsequent history of Europe from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the present day.
		Roman imperialism introduced extremes of wealth and poverty that sharpened social and economic conflict within the Roman state.
		Some Romans complained that the loss of liberty was too great a price to pay for peace, but most recognized that under the so-called liberty of the Roman Republic, a few hundred men had divided the spoils of empire while the workers and the provincials suffered.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_1741502785/Roman_Empire.html (2593 words)

	Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Roman titles of power were adopted by successor states and other entities with imperial pretensions, including the Frankish kingdom, the Holy Roman Empire, the first and second Bulgarian empires (see List of Bulgarian monarchs), the Russian/Kiev dynasties (see czars), and the German Empire (see Kaiser).
		Roman Empire at its maximal extent (AD 117)The next century came to be known as the period of the "Five Good Emperors", in which the succession was peaceful though not dynastic and the Empire was prosperous.
		The Empire was parted again among his three surviving sons.The Western Roman Empire was divided among the eldest son Constantine II and the youngest son Constans.
	roman-empire.iqnaut.net (8038 words)

	Western Roman Empire at AllExperts
		After his death in 395 the Roman Empire was definitively divided and the Western Roman Empire ended officially with the abdication of Romulus Augustus under pressure of the Germanic chieftain Odoacer on the 4th of September, 476, and unofficially with the death of Julius Nepos, in 480.
		The Roman Empire was ruled by a single Emperor, but with the death of Constantine in 337, civil war erupted among his three sons, dividing the empire into three parts.
		Roman law, particularly the Corpus Juris Civilis collected by order of Justinian I, is the ancient basis on which the modern Civil law stands.
	en.allexperts.com /e/w/we/western_roman_empire.htm (4347 words)

	Africa Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Roman administrative province is shown, although in Carthaginian times the province was larger.
		The province was established in 146 BC following the Third Punic War, by annexing the remaining Carthaginian territory not confiscated after previous defeats by the Romans.
		The North African provinces, together with the Roman possessions in Spain, were grouped into the Exarchate of Africa by emperor Maurice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Africa_Province,_Roman_Empire (734 words)

	Roman Empire at AllExperts
		The Western Roman Empire was divided among the eldest son Constantine II and the youngest son Constans.
		The Holy Roman Empire, an attempt to resurrect the Empire in the West, was established in 800 when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, though the empire and the imperial office did not become formalized for some decades.
		But excluding these states claiming their heritage, the Roman state lasted (in some form) from the founding of Rome in 753 BC to the fall in 1461 of the Empire of Trebizond (a successor state and fragment of the Byzantine Empire which escaped conquest by the Ottomans in 1453), for a total of 2214 years.
	en.allexperts.com /e/r/ro/roman_empire.htm (11035 words)

	Roman Empire 3
		Roman roads and cities appeared everywhere, and southern Gaul was so strongly influenced by the Romans that its residents called it "The Province," and it is today still known as Provence.
		The urban population of North Africa was Romanized, although people in the villages continued to speak the Punic language of the Carthaginians until the 4th century AD.
		Roman aristocrats studied rhetoric (public speaking) and philosophy in Greece, while Latin poets used Greek models and myths as inspiration for their verse.
	www.crystalinks.com /romanempire3.html (2749 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Roman legions
		Especially in the early centuries of empire, when Rome assumed direct rule over foreign territories at the conclusion of a war the reason was not so much that she wanted them for herself as that she did not want the defeated enemy to continue in possession or try to regain them and thereby recover.
		Many historians argue that the provinces were combined as part of the so-called Settlement of 27 B.C., customarily taken to mark the opening of the reign of Octavian (who became Augustus at this time) and thus the birth of the Empire period.
		Roman governors marked off native lands in a process called limitatio (the establishing of boundaries, limites), not to confine the natives to the poorer lands but to supervise them and (we may suspect) demonstrate that the Romans would not encroach further.
	www.roman-emperors.org /wardoc2a.htm (17893 words)

	Africa - Province of the Roman Empire
		Within Roman occupied Africa, the bulk of the population of was composed of three major population groups: the Berber tribes (such as Numidians, Gaetulians and Maurusiani), the ancient Carthaginians of Phoenician origin and Roman colonists.
		Besides the Afri in the regions controlled by Carthage, the tribes that took part in the wars against the Romans were the Lotophagi, the Garamantes, the Maces, the Nasamones, the Misulani or Musulamii, the Massyli and the Massaesyli.
		Romans settled and developed the area around Sitifis in the second century, but the influence of Rome beyond the original Carthaginian territories, the coastal regions and areas easily accessable by road was slow to develop.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/africa.php (862 words)

	GovMint.com - The Roman Empire
		According to Roman folk tales, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus, son of the god Mars.
		The resulting civil wars caused economic hardships that weakened the Empire’s frontier defenses, which, in the later stages of the Empire, were frequently defended by soldiers recruited from the ranks of the barbarian tribes.
		The Roman Empire was permanently divided between the East and West in 395 during the reign of Emperor Arcadius in the East and Emperor Honorius in the West.
	www.govmint.com /knowledgebase/romanempire.aspx (1915 words)

	Roman Empire
		The Romans believed that political corruption in the late republic was connected to moral decline.
		The Romans were hardworking and frugal, self-reliant and cautious, serious about their responsibilities and steadfast in the face of adversity.
		The stress on family responsibility was evident in the idea of pietas, the belief that all Romans owed loyalty to family authority and to the gods of Rome.
	lurasweb.fws1.com /romanempire.html (2996 words)

	The Roman Empire - Frontiers Of Emperors Trajan And Hadrian
		The Roman Empire - Frontiers Of Emperors Trajan And Hadrian
		The Roman Empire was a large area governed from the city of Rome in Italy.
		Wherever possible Roman frontiers used natural boundaries; for example, in Europe the Rhine and Danube rivers were used to mark the limits of the province of Germania.
	museums.ncl.ac.uk /wallnet/wall/empire.htm (258 words)

	Africa
		The Romans were able to win allies of their own against Carthage and Macedonia, including the African kingdom of Numidia, the Greeks, the Thracians, the Illyrians and Pergamum.
		Its king, Juba, committed suicide when Caesar landed in Africa, and the Numidian Kingdom came to an end, as most of its lands were added to the Roman province of Africa and what was left granted to eastern Mauretania.
		North Africa was invaded by the Vandals in the fifth century A.D., and parts of North Africa were occupied by the Byzantine Empire as the power of the Western Empire declined.
	www.youngstranger.com /history/roman/africa.html (805 words)

	Roman Empire
		The Roman empire was still confined to a narrow strip encircling the Mediterranean Sea.
		The boundaries of the empire were now the Atlantic on the west, the Euphrates on the east, the deserts of Africa, the cataracts of the Nile and the Arabian deserts on the south, the British Channel, the Rhine, the Danube and the Black Sea on the north.
		The provinces were heavily taxed for the benefit of Rome and her citizens.
	www.theseason.org /empire.htm (511 words)

	The Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This covers the various phases of the Roman Empire: the original, the Western, the Eastern (Byzantine), and the Holy Roman Empire.
		The Magister Militum was the supreme military commander of the Western Roman Empire from the late 300's onward.
		The Western division of the Empire, encompassing Rome itself together with Italy, Gaul, Britain, Iberia, and northwestern Africa, was utterly unable to maintain itself in the face of overwhelming barbarian invasion/migration.
	www.hostkingdom.net /empire.html (1774 words)

	Roman Empire 1 - Crystalinks
		The Romans believed that political corruption in the late republic was connected to moral decline.
		The Romans were hardworking and frugal, self-reliant and cautious, serious about their responsibilities and steadfast in the face of adversity.
		The stress on family responsibility was evident in the idea of pietas, the belief that all Romans owed loyalty to family authority and to the gods of Rome.
	www.crystalinks.com /romanempire.html (3007 words)

	First Europe Tutorial - Roman Territorial Expansion
		Roman and Carthaginian Territories in the Mediterranean 270 B.C.E. Rome's successful conquest of the Italian peninsula created a strong military ethos and provided the Roman state with considerable manpower.
		Roman Domination of the Mediterranean 86 B.C.E. Rome's success in its territorial expansion can be credited to its military superiority and to its policy of absorbing conquered peoples.
		During the last century of the Republic, Roman generals won victories in northern Africa and in southern France, where upon a Roman colony was settled in Narbonne and a road built to link Italy with Spain.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/roman.html (1314 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ecclesiastical Province
		Antioch for Syria, Ephesus for the Province of Asia, Alexandria for Egypt, Rome for Italy), whence Christian missionaries issued to preach the Gospel, were regarded as the mother-churches of the newly-founded Christian communities.
		In North Africa the first metropolitan appears during the fourth century, the Bishop of Carthage being recognized as primate of the dioceses of Northern Africa; metropolitans of the separate provinces gradually appear, although the boundaries of these provinces did not coincide with the divisions of the empire.
		However, at the end of antiquity the existence of church provinces as the basis of ecclesiastical administration was fairly universal in the West.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12514a.htm (550 words)

	Outlines of Roman History, Chapter 17
		Change of the Roman Policy.—We sometimes think that Rome started out upon her great career of conquest with a definite purpose to subdue the world, and with clear ideas as to how it should be governed.
		That the Romans were not yet fully civilized, and knew little of the meaning of art, is shown by the story told of Mummius.
		Condition of Spain.—While the Romans were thus engaged in creating the new provinces of Macedonia and Africa, they were called upon to maintain their authority in the old provinces of Spain and Sicily.
	www.forumromanum.org /history/morey17.html (2089 words)

	Dacia-Province of the Roman Empire
		With the rise of Augustus and Roman conquests in the Balkans, the Dacians recognized Roman supremacy.
		With Trajan's conquests, the Roman frontier was extended to the Carpathians and the Dniester, pushing the borders of the Roman Empire to its greatest extent.
		The province was subject to a complex Romanization process and its basic element was the adoption of the Latin language.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/dacia.php (1048 words)

	Roman provinces
		The first Roman province, Sicily, was conquered after the First Punic War (241 BCE), and the Senate decided that it had to be ruled by a praetor.
		The first provinces were ill-defined, and it was only during the late republic that provinces started to have clearly defined borders.
		In several provinces, prefects were appointed from the equestrian order (the 'second class' of the Roman elite, after the senators) were appointed.
	www.livius.org /gi-gr/governor/provinces.html (372 words)

	Africa
		Roman victory in the Third Punic War in 146 BC brought about the conquest of Carthage and much of its north African territory.
		Most of this territory was annexed into the new province of Africa.
		If at first the Libyan dominions of Carthage were not incorporated into the province, they were annexed at a later stage.
	www.roman-empire.net /maps/empire/provinces/trajan/africa.html (56 words)

	Roman Government - History for Kids!
		When the Roman Republic was first set up, in 500 BC, the people in charge were two men called consuls.
		Once the Romans began conquering other places, far away from the city of Rome, they also had a system of provincial governors – men who took charge of a province of the Empire, and who heard court cases there.
		Empire of Honour: The Art of Government in the Roman World, by J. Lendon (1997).
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/romans/government/index.htm (695 words)

	Replica Ancient Oil Lamps - Roman Empire Clay Lamps
		Others are made by carving Roman style motifs into the Roman-style gypsum molds, while still using a lamp body copied from an original Roman lamp.
		Roman London in the vicinity of the Thames.
		Grapes were a symbol of plenty for peoples all over the Roman Empire and the ancient classical world.
	www.ancientlamps.com /empire.html (776 words)

	Tunesia
		Nearby are the poignant ruins of Carthage, the Phoenician city rebuilt by Julius Caesar and Augustus to become the third largest city of the Roman Empire.
		In 439, the Vandals who had moved south through Spain, occupied the Roman province of Africa until they were overcome by the Byzantine general Belisarius in 533 AD.
		Around 700, the Arabs completed the conquest of North Africa who was henceforth ruled by a series of dynasties, the Umayyad (700-800, from Damascus), the Aghlabid (800-909, locally), the Fatimid (909-973), the Zirid (973-1048), the Almoravid (1050-1147), the Almohad (1121-1228) and the Hafsid (1228-1574).
	us-africa.tripod.com /tunesia.html (764 words)

	The National Archives \| Exhibitions & Learning online \| Black presence \| Early times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Later, when the Caledonians (inhabitants of what is now Scotland) invaded Roman Britain in AD 208, Septimius travelled to this most western part of the Roman Empire.
		There is no evidence to suggest that all the Roman legionaries returned home upon their discharge from military service, so it is possible that some Black Romans married, had children, and remained in Britain after their tour of duty.
		Haynes, I. The Romanization of the Alae and Cohortes of the Roman Imperial Army from Augustus to Septimius Severus (unpublished PhD thesis), Oxford, 1993
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /pathways/blackhistory/early_times/romans.htm (852 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		Egypt was the richest province in the Empire, and the money it brought in helped Augustus to build up vast numbers of clients.
		The empire was connected by its vast network of roads, which were built for military purposes, but which helped communications of all kinds.
		Roman traders used two types of scales: the balance type and the steelyard type.
	www.camelotintl.com /romans/trade.html (1022 words)

	Multicultural Roman Empire
		One person per group traces their province as the rest of the group begins its investigation by studying maps of the Roman Empire to identify provinces, peoples that inhabit the provinces, and major geographical features.
		As a prelude to designing a coin for their province, this is a great opportunity to investigate the Latin phrases on the dollar bill, since every Latin student should know them and have a basic understanding of the symbolism involved.
		The culminating experience is for students to write their inaugural speech to assembled leaders and prominent Romans of their province, which sets the tone for the new administration and reveals a certain comprehension of the history and most pressing issues in the area.
	www.sedl.org /loteced/scenarios/latin_multicultural.html (3235 words)

	ROMAN HISTORY TIMELINE
		It is particularly detailed for the period from 58BC to 31BC (Julius Caesar to Caesar Augustus) and for 376AD to 480AD (the "fall" of the Western Roman Empire).
		Romans revolted against the Etruscan kings and created the system of government by the Senate and the Assembly
		The Romans failed to defeat the Persians, and in the process, the Eastern Emperor Julianus was killed
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his101/TIMELINE/T-ROMAN.HTM (704 words)

	Numidia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Today, northern Africa holds many ruins and remains that pay homage to the longevity of the architectural and cultural achievements of its previous ruler, the Roman empire.
		The densely packed cities that once stood along the coasts of Tunisia are proof of the great prosperity Africa, as a Roman province, experienced, and also show the willingness of Rome to accept Africa as part of the empire.
		Pliny did not survive long enough to eat his words regarding a large portion of Africa producing "nothing remarkable." Soon enough, not only would Africa become one of the most prosperous provinces, but also come to be known as the granary of Rome, providing two thirds of the city’s food supply.
	www.usd.edu /~clehmann/pir/numidia.htm (202 words)

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