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Topic: African Anarchism

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	Socialism from Below - Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		ANARCHISM IS NOT a creed of terror and destruction, of social chaos and turmoil, of perpetual war between the individuals within society.
		Where, however, anarchism has existed as a social movement, its exponents have always envisaged the necessity for organisation, but a free organisation rising organically from the needs of man. Anarchism preaches freedom of the individual, but freedom cannot be isolated in society.
		Under anarchism every man, once he has fulfilled his economic functions, will be free to live as he likes, provided he does not interfere with the lives of his fellows, and a free people can be relied on to see that the peace is maintained under such circumstances without the need of police or magistrates.
	recollectionbooks.com /bleed/Encyclopedia/WoodcockGeorge/ch_03.htm (2162 words)

	Anarchism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Anarchism is a term which encompasses a variety of political philosophies, social movements, and political ideologies that advocate the abolition of all forms of imposed or involuntary authority including social hierarchy and coercive power.
		Proponents of Anarchism argue that relations based upon voluntary cooperation and mutual aid will lead to a society characterized by the ability of each actor to have a say in outcomes proportionate to the degree they are affected by them, a society consisting of free individuals.
		Individual freedom and opposition to the state are the unvarying principles of anarchism; less agreed upon are such matters as the role of violence in changing society, the preferred type of economic system, hierarchy and social status, the interpretation of egalitarian ideals, and the degree of organization, manner of incentive and the division of labour.
	anarchism.iqnaut.net (7454 words)

	Social Anarchism/African Anarchism
		Opponents of anarchism, especially opponents on the orthodox left, often reject anarchist thought, activism and history with the critique that anarchism is a white middle class movement.
		Moreover the insistence that anarchism is adhered to by privileged Euro-descendant constituents denies unappologetically, the experience of those folks that are anarchist and of neither privileged group.
		For anarchism can not be an external framework imposed as ideology, but must be, in part, a methodology, informed by libertarian and communitarian aspects of culture that already exist.
	library.nothingness.org /articles/SA/en/display/345 (1596 words)

	Social Anarchism/African Anarchism
		Thus, a book on African anarchism held a natural draw for me. When I first saw this book on the list of possibilities for review I was eager to take the assignment.
		African communalism had an absence of classes, lacked exploitative social relations and had strong family and kinship ties.
		One of the last chapters, possibly interesting, about the possibility of anarchism developing as a movement and ideology in Africa, once again points to the factors that have worked against anarchism in Africa: colonial education, the legal system, the military class and the status quo.
	library.nothingness.org /articles/SA/en/display/346 (1364 words)

	anarchism - Anarchopedia
		Anarchism is a political theory which aims to create anarchy, "the absence of a master, of a sovereign." Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, What is Property, p.
		As such anarchism opposes all forms of hierarchical control - be that control by the state or a capitalist - as harmful to the individual and their individuality as well as unnecessary.
		Anarchism, therefore, is a political theory that aims to create a society which is without political, economic or social hierarchies.
	eng.anarchopedia.org /anarchism (1191 words)

	Anarchism in Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For a broader discussion see anarchism and African politics.
		To a greater or lesser extent, all of [...] traditional African societies manifested “anarchic elements” which, upon close examination, lend credence to the historical truism that governments have not always existed.
		The reason why traditional African societies are characterized as "anarchies" is because of their horizontal political structure and absence of classes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_anarchism (378 words)

	NONWESTERN ANARCHISMS
		Their work then becomes the standard-bearer of what anarchism actually means to most people, as it is printed and reprinted, sold and resold perennially at anarchist bookfairs, infoshops, bookstores and other places, as it is quoted and analyzed, compared and debated in reading circles, academic papers, at socials, parties, demonstrations, meetings and on picketlines.
		Anarchism in Japan was quite diverse, but from amongst the broad array of anarchisms were two major tendencies; the class struggle ideals of anarchist syndicalism, promoted by figures such as Kotoku Shusui and Osugi Sakae, and the somewhat broader tendency of ""pure anarchism" promoted by activists like Hatta Shuzo.
		While anarchism in the southern cone countries impacted the global movement to an extent, the anarchist movement that most affected and influenced the direction of anarchism throughout Latin America and much of the rest of the word as well was that which developed in Mexico.
	www.geocities.com /ringfingers/nonwesternweb.html (13837 words)

	Interview with southern African anarchists \| libcom.org
		The greatest strength of the book "African Anarchism" was its critique of the monster that was African socialism and of the current obstacles - and opportunities - presented for the development of anarchism by the thug rule and chaos that is governance and business on the continent.
		Anarchism developed out of the real, sometimes bitter, sometimes glorious struggles of the industrial working class (and to a lesser extent the peasantry), not out of the dreams of middle-class opium-eaters who foster a forlorn hope of a return to a mythical golden age.
		There is nothing specifically South African about the UDF but that the tactics and strategy it adopted were proven through the struggle to be the most effective, namely: rank-and-file workers' and community councils, workers militias etc. all of which are anarchist in principle although the people involved had probably never heard of anarchism.
	libcom.org /library/interview-with-southern-african-anarchists (8075 words)

	Towards a Vibrant & Broad African-Based Anarchism
		Although anarchism still carries capitalist-constructed distortions, and leftist, Marxist dishonesty, it is both bold and dangerous for Africans to declare themselves anarcho-syndicalist and argue that anarchism has a legitimate place among liberation theories on the continent.
		In "Anarchism and the National Question in Africa" the authors again, I feel, rely too strongly on a European experience, which ties nationalism to capitalism, national and ethnic chauvinism, and the construction of a state.
		African Anarchism, though strong on class analysis, could also benefit from a stronger feminist analysis as well as insights from works such as by Molara Ogundipe-Leslie, Filomina Chioma Steady, and Florence Stratton that dig deeper into African everyday life.
	www.newformulation.org /3alston.htm (3593 words)

	South African Anarchism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Anarchism and Syndicalism do (or at least did) have an important place in South African history, although this is typically hidden or obscured by official and "radical" versions of the past.
		Capitalism, in its racist apartheid form, was the main cause of the conditions that the majority of the population live in.
		Class divisions are immense within each race: the richest 20% of African households increased their real incomes by over 40% between 1975 and 1991, whilst the incomes of the poorest 40% of African households decreased by nearly 40% over the same period (These figures come from the Mail and Guardian).
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/rbr/rbr/rbr3_africa.html (5611 words)

	portland imc - 2004.01.30 - Autonomous Anarchist African Village
		When biotech corporations invade the African village and coerce people into giving up their traditional polyculture sustainable intercropping farming in exchange for monoculture genetic engineered seeds, people's survival is at risk.
		African Anarchism: The History of a Movement (See Sharp Press, 1997) by Sam Mbah and I.E. Igariwey is the first book-length treatment of anarchism and Africa.
		Although anarchism is not complete without the Western European contributions, we believe there are elements of African traditional societies that can be of assistance in elaborating anarchist ideas.
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2004/01/279542.shtml (3697 words)

	Review: African Anarchism: The history of a movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Starting with a good introduction to anarchism, the authors outline its relationship with Africa in an attempt to "enrich anarchism and anarchist principles with an African perspective and to carve a place for Africa within the framework of the worldwide anarchist movement".
		Although anarchism as a conscious social movement is relatively new in Africa, pre-colonial African societies contained many "anarchic elements".
		In response to the inferior socio-political and economic status imposed on the vast majority of Africans, trade unions began to emerge.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/ws98/ws55_africa.html (706 words)

	History Anarchism Politics Society
		Cuban Anarchism: The History of a Movement (See Sharp Press, 2001) by Frank Fernandez and Charles Bufe.
		There have been times in history when the threat has been grave, like during the Civil War and the beginning of the 20th century when anarchism was such a...
		African anarchism website redesignedAnarkismo.net - Nov 24, 2006We are pleased to announce the redesign of the ever-popular Zabalaza website, the world's premier portal for news, analysis, history and theory on class...
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Society/Politics/Anarchism/History (451 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		African Anarchism portrays the current state of the movement in Africa and shows how anarchists there, through continuing development of both theory and practice, may have much from which American anarchists could learn.
		The period of European colonization, with its introduction of the modern state and imperialist exploitation, is described along with its effects on African societies.
		It is an important chapter because it paints a picture of African governments and societies in recent times, providing the insight necessary to advance to anarchist theory and practice.
	www.mcn.org /e/iii/african.htm (628 words)

	Our Own Traditions: anti-authoritarianism in our histories of struggle
		If the substance of anarchism is communal economics, mutual aid, local autonomy and the free federation of communities, then the obvious first place to look at is the continent of Africa.
		Long before the Paris commune or the Spanish Civil War, African tribes and clans were practicing self-sustaining modes of living that did not require political authority or static structures of social hierarchy.
		Mihara's 1993 piece "On the Present Situation of Anarchism in Japan" in Anarchist Studies is a great review of modern anarchism in a country that has been a hub of anti-authoritarian activity and thinking in East Asia.
	colours.mahost.org /articles/white5.html (630 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 00695170
		Anarchism in History Marx and Bakunin; the First Interational; disagreement over the role of the state; relationship to syndicalism and guild socialism 3.
		Obstacles to the Development of Anarchism in Africa colonial education and its aftermath; the Western-style legal system; the military; ethnic versus class consciousness; religious and cultural factors; the need for international solidarity 7.
		Anarchism's Future in Africa anarchism in a world context; the crises of capitalism and marxist "socialism"; Africa's dire economic situation; anarchism and the national question; anarchism-the only way out for Africa
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/fy033/00695170.html (161 words)

	African Politics and Government on the Internet
		Some entries from the African Studies Associations section are taken from the Africa South of the Sahara section for African Studies.
		Allen teachers African politics in the Politics Dept., Edinburgh University, is joint editor of the Review of African Political Economy and compiler of Africa Biblliography.
		NEPAD is "a pledge by African leaders...that they have a pressing duty to eradicate poverty..." "African peoples have begun to demonstrate their refusal to accept poor economic and political leadership." On the site of South Africa's Dept. of Foreign Affairs.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/poli1.html (8872 words)

	African Anarchism
		Nevertheless, the book is particularly illuminating in detailing anarchist precedents in African communalism, drawing on past work by such writers as Walter Rodney in How Europe Underdeveloped Africa.
		The situation was such that no one starved while others stuffed themselves and threw away the excess." The authors examine the "stateless societies" of the Igbo, the Niger Delta peoples and the Tallensi, based on extended family structures, clan societies and village councils.
		Given the arbitrary nature of so many African nation states, this was merely a flag of convenience for the comprador bourgeoisie.
	www.blackstarreview.com /rev-0024.html (427 words)

	The Global Influence Of Platformism Today: South Africa \| NEFAC
		During the Spanish Revolution of 1936-1939, several South Africans fought on the side of the republic against the fascists, as part of the 40,000 volunteers from 53 nations who defended the republic, but it is not known if any of them were specifically anarchist.
		There was a revival of interest in anarchism among student groups in 1968 as a result of the French Revolt of that year which saw students provoke a national crisis that saw 10-million workers go out on strike, many towns become self-managing and the near-collapse of General Charles de Gaule's regime.
		By anarchism we mean opposition to all forms of authority, be they social, political or economic and by communist we mean a mode of production and distribution based on the principle "from each according to ability, to each according to need".
	nefac.net /node/245 (4640 words)

	Zabalaza #6 - A journal of South African Revolutionary Anarchism - Southern Africa Anarchist movement - Anarkismo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The latest issue of this South African anarchist journal is now online as a PDF file and we will be adding the articles to Anarkismo.net for discussion over the next week.
		Protests in September 2004 in the Free State town of Harrismith over the lack of service delivery by corrupt officials (taking their cue, perhaps from the corrupt fatcat Members of Parliament implicated in the R17-million travel scandal?) saw the cops open fire on the demonstrators, killing Teboho Mkhonza, a 17-year-old youth.
		Unless otherwise stated by the author, all content is free for non-commercial reuse, reprint, and rebroadcast, on the net and elsewhere.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?story_id=397 (643 words)

	African Anarchism, freedom and revolution in Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this context anarchism is not merely one solution, it is the only possible solution that can allow the African masses to fulfill their longings for a life free from misery and exploitation.
		The African masses have little to lose, once they throw off their mental chains, global capitalism will shudder under their mighty revolutionary force.
		Unfortunately, it is very difficult for African workers to communicate to the outside world, since access to technology in Africa is extremely limited, so very often, the information contained in these pages provides more questions than answers.
	www.struggle.ws /africa (365 words)

	Anarchism in Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This receives regular articles from African anarchists on events in Africa of interest to anarchists in particular labour and land disputes.
		The individual country notes here reflect the extreme difficult of ordinary Africans to communicate with the rest of the world due to dictatorships, poverty and poor access to telecommunications.
		To help encourage the growth of the anarchist movement in Africa Revolt is sponsoring an African Anarchism mailing list.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/africa.html (457 words)

	Interview: Anarchism in South Africa \| NEFAC
		Some of these prisoners are becoming very interested in anarchism and we hope that through them, in addition to the prison organising which they are now involved in, we can also reach their families, who have first hand experience of the repressive role of the state, and their communities.
		Jonathan: The majority of the proletariat in South Africa is fl however, largely due to the race history of South Africa with the lack of access to information of most underprivileged classes and especially for ‘non-whites’ during apartheid, until recently the majority of conscious anarchists was in fact white.
		I personally feel more isolated with regards to the anarchist movement on the rest of the African continent as well as in the global South in general, where I think communication is harder than in the North.
	nefac.net /node/1374 (1446 words)

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