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Topic: African elephant

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	Giants: African Elephant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		African Elephants can be distinguished from Indian Elephants by their larger, triangular ear flaps, 4 instead of 5 toenails on its front feet, and 2 finger-like extensions on the tip of the trunk instead of one.
		African Elephants sharpen their tusks against convenient trees, often pushing them over in the process, and must consume hundreds of pounds of vegetation each day to sustain their titanic bulk.
		Historians speculate that a dwarf form of the African Elephant, known as the Forest Elephant, may be the type of elephant that Carthaginian general Hannibal used to cross the Alps.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/evolution/g_elephant.htm (289 words)

	Elephants
		The African elephant is larger than the Asian elephant and has larger, fan-like ears (many use the "Africa" shape of their ears to differentiate African from Asian elephants).
		The African elephant is listed as an Appendix I species by CITES, as a vulnerable species in the IUCN Red Book, and as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
		The African elephant SSP was begun in August 1990.
	www.nashvillezoo.org /elephants2.htm (442 words)

	African Elephant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		African Elephant numbers are thought to have dropped from more than 1.3 million in 1979 to c.632,000 in 1989, and were thought to be between 286,000 and 580,000 in 1995.
		The African elephant is a long lived animal, with a potential lifespan of 60 years in the wild, and this is reflected by its long reproductive cycle.
		Not all elephant populations are of sufficient size to allow harvesting to take place, and therefore permission to harvest ivory would have to be on a strictly controlled basis with regular re-appraisals to ensure populations are not being over exploited.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /resman/nrm/african_elephant.htm (4485 words)

	African elephant - Loxodonta africana: More Information - ARKive
		A further characteristic feature are the elephant's tusks, which are large modified upper incisors that continue to grow throughout their lifetime; in both sexes of the African elephant these are curved forward (3).
		Elephants are extremely long-lived and although females may reach sexual maturity at 10 years old they are at their most fertile between 25 and 45 (2).
		Elephants have been persecuted over the centuries as hunting trophies and for their tusks, which are traded as ivory (2).
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/mammals/Loxodonta_africana/more_info.html (910 words)

	San Francisco Zoo \| Animals \| African Elephant
		African elephants are the largest living terrestrial mammals in the world, weighing up to 16,500 pounds, and standing an average of 10 feet tall.
		The elephant is known for its versatile trunk, an appendage evolved from the nose and upper lip, and formally called the probiscus.
		African elephants are completely vegetarian, and in the wild, feed on green grass shoots and buds of trees, shrubs, bark, fruit and vegetables of all kinds.
	www.sfzoo.org /cgi-bin/animals.py?ID=68 (626 words)

	African Elephant - Loxodonta africana
		African elephants, also known as the savanna elephants, are the largest land mammal in the world.
		Elephants are very social animals, and learn about what to eat, where to find water and how to behave from their mothers and older bulls.
		In October 1989, the African elephant was moved from Appendix II, which requires permits to hunt or trade, to Appendix I, which is the highest level of protection and doesn't allow international trade.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /african_elephant.htm (530 words)

	GlobeLens - African Elephant
		However, elephant skin is very sensitive, and they take pains to keep themselves cool and free of pests by wallowing in mud and flinging dust on themselves with their trunks.
		African elephants have two lobes on the tips of their trunks (Asians have only one) that act like fingers.
		Elephant bulls in musth are famously uncontrollable, and take on violent, insane characteristics--even attacking their caretakers in captivity--and during this time glands on their cheeks, called the temporal glands, swell and emit a sticky liquid which can often be seen running down their faces.
	www.globelens.com /african-elephant (1665 words)

	African Elephant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Elephants have an incredibly wide habitat tolerance, existing from the equatorial jungle in the Congo and West Africa through swamps in Zambia and Botswana to the savannas and through to desert in Botswana and Namibia.
		Elephants climb remarkably well and are found in the mountainous regions of central Africa and most parts of the Rift Valley.
		Elephant by nature are gregarious, and occur in groups usually numbering from between 10 to 20, and sometimes as many as 100 individuals.
	www.cybertorpedo.com /africanhunter/factfiles/elephant.htm (816 words)

	Animal Info - African Elephant
		The African elephant is intelligent and not difficult to tame, but it has not been utilized by people for labor and transportation to the same extent as the Asian elephant.
		The African elephant’s main habitat requirements are: plentiful food in the form of grass or browse, some shade, and a supply of fresh water (although its ability to forage as far as 80 km (50 mi) from water greatly augments its overall range in otherwise marginal areas).
		Home ranges of the forest elephant are usually considerably smaller than those of the savanna elephant, mainly because of the abundance of food and the ready availability of water in the forest habitat as compared to the savanna habitat.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/loxoafri.htm (8608 words)

	African Forest Elephant - Loxodonta cyclotis
		The new species, the forest elephant, was considered to be a subspecies of the African elephant, and was known as Loxodonta africana cyclotis.
		The hard and pink ivory of the forest elephant is highly prized by poachers who are difficult to catch in the cover of the rainforest.
		Conservationists are afraid that declaring the forest elephant as a separate species could open a loophole under the current treaty and open up hunting of forest elephants for their ivory.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /african_forest_elephant.htm (615 words)

	Bagheera: An Endangered Species and Endangered Animal Online Education Resource
		The African elephant once roamed the entire continent of Africa, and the Asian elephant ranged from Syria to northern China and the islands of Indonesia.
		Elephants are considered a keystone species in the African landscape.
		Elephants are the ideal mobile viewing platform in the tall grass found in many parks.
	www.bagheera.com /inthewild/van_anim_elephant.htm (2022 words)

	The African Elephant : Utah's Hogle Zoo
		Elephants are usually social animals with females and young living in family groups dominated by matriarchs, usually the oldest females in the groups.
		Elephants are not generally territorial, but have home ranges which they travel for food and water, but they do not try to defend it from others.
		Historically, the ivory trade was the greatest threat to African elephant populations, and remains a potential threat today.
	www.hoglezoo.org /animals/view.php?id=5 (894 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Savannah elephant
		African elephants are the largest living land mammals.
		Savannah elephants are the largest of the elephant species, making them the largest land animal in the world.
		African elephants live in matriarchal groups of pre-pubescent males and females of all ages.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/177.shtml (469 words)

	African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Elephants have shown a strong sense of commitment to other members of the herd.
		The baby elephant, called a calf, weighs about 200 to 250 pounds and is able to walk only 2 hours after it is born.
		For such a large animal, the elephant is very deft, having the ability to balance on two legs if necessary to reach leaves in a tree.
	www.thebigzoo.com /Animals/African_Elephant.asp (607 words)

	Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections: African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
		African Elephants are the largest living terrestrial mammals.
		Elephants are social creatures; they assemble in-groups ranging between 7-70 individuals, depending on the quantity and quality of available food.
		African Bush Elephants are distributed throughout Sub-Saharan, except the C and W coast of Africa, including 30 countries from Senegal in the west to Somalia in the east.
	brainmuseum.org /specimens/proboscidea/elephant/index.html (597 words)

	African Savannah: African Elephant (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Elephants are digitigrade with pads of fibrous tissue to cushion toe bones.
		Elephants live in a complex matriarchal society normally composed of 8 to 15 related members and led by a dominant cow.
		Elephants have the largest brain size versus body weight other than man. New intelligence data: most mammals, excluding primates, are born with a brain weight of 90% of adult weight.
	www.oaklandzoo.org.cob-web.org:8888 /atoz/azeleph.html (837 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Animals - Children's Zone - African elephant
		Elephant trunks are the Swiss army knives of the animal kingdom, acting as a combined trumpet, water pistol, siphon, shower and feeding tool.
		Elephants use their trunks to feed with, and their vegetarian diet consists of plants, twigs, leaves, shoots and fruit.
		African elephants live in close-knit groups of around 10 females and their calves.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/reallywild/amazing/elephant_african.shtml (323 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Elephant
		African elephants Loxodonta africana— Have large ears that are shaped like the continent of Africa, both males and females have visible tusks, their skin is very wrinkly, their backs are swayed, and the end of their trunk works as if they have two fingers there to help them pick things up.
		Asian elephants Elephas maximus— Have smaller ears, usually only the males have visible tusks, their skin is not as wrinkly, they only have one "finger" at the ends of their trunks, and their backs are dome-shaped.
		Elephants often spray themselves with water, or roll in the mud or dust for protection from sun and biting insects.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/t-elephant.html (1068 words)

	The African Elephant
		Elephant stressed by range compression and hunting pressure tend to aggregate in large groups, often composed of reunited clans.
		Elephants have more profound impact on the environment than any mammal, besides man. The beneficial effects include opening up thick forests for regeneration through a process ecologists refer to as gap ecology.
		Strategies for saving the elephant can only be devised with mans acquiesce to share the living space and a very clear understanding of the life of the elephant- habitats, ranging patterns, food needs, birth and death patterns and social life.
	www.africapoint.com /newsletters/elephants/index.htm (2741 words)

	Wild Animal Park Exhibit: African Elephant
		On September 11 at 7:49 p.m., a 209-pound (95-kilogram) female African elephant calf was born at the Wild Animal Park, marking the second birth for the herd rescued from culling in Africa in 2003.
		From the elephant overlook you can even view each exhibit's elephant barn and holding yards, where the elephants go in the mornings when the keepers are cleaning the spacious main yards and hiding treats for the elephants to discover.
		A herd of seven African elephants, scheduled to be culled in Swaziland due to overpopulation, safely arrived in San Diego on a truly "jumbo" plane in August 2003.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /wap/ex_elephants.html (532 words)

	The Elephant Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The African elephant is the biggest animal on land.
		Elephants are the only animal that have a trunk for a nose.
		Elephants use their tusks to tear bark off trees and to dig up roots and shrubs.
	www.mce.k12tn.net /animals/elephant.htm (361 words)

	Elephant
		Two extant species, the Indian elephant, of India and Southeast Asia, and the African elephant, ranging south of the Sahara, are now limited to tropical forests, savannas, deserts, and river valleys.
		Elephants have only four molar or grinding teeth, one to each side of the upper and lower jaws; each is a massive plate about about 12 inches long and 4 inches wide.
		The African elephant can be quickly distinguished from the Indian elephant by its greater size and its larger ears, which may reach a length of about 5 ft from top to bottom.
	www.worldkids.net /eac/elephant.html (775 words)

	[No title]
		Like the Asian elephant, the African elephant uses its trunk (elongation of the nose and upper lip) to smell, eat, communicate, manipulate objects, bathe and drink (although they do not drink through their trunks, they do suck water up and spray it into their mouths).
		African elephants have two finger-like projections on the end of the trunk (Asian elephants have one) which help to manipulate objects.
		Historically, African elephants inhabited areas south of the Sahara, although they are now restricted to forest, bush and savanna in parks and preserves due to human encroachment and agricultural expansion.
	www.ifaw.org /ifaw/general/default.aspx?oid=12993 (1043 words)

	The African Elephant Five Ton Giant (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The record weight of an African Elephants tusk is 103kg, and the record length of a tusk is 3.5 meters.
		African Elephant have a good sense of smell but the same cannot be said for their eyesight and hearing.
		The elephant attacked the vehicle on the driver’s side, between the driver’s door and the bonnet, and overturned it.
	www.south-african-game-reserves.com.cob-web.org:8888 /africanelephant.htm (824 words)

	African Elephants - National Zoo\| FONZ
		Small numbers of forest elephants live in dense equatorial forests of Central Africa from Zaire west to Mauritania, while savanna elephants are far more widespread in drier woodlands and savannas.
		Elephants' closest known relatives are dugongs and manatees, hyraxes, and aardvarks.
		African Elephants, by Reinhard Kunkel; Harry N. Abrams (publisher), 1999.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Animals/AfricanSavanna/fact-afelephant.cfm (903 words)

	African elephant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		African elephants are the two species of elephants in the Loxodonta genus, one of the two existing genera in Elephantidae.
		For example, elephant herds were substantial in number as recently as 1970 with an estimated population of 300,000; however, by 2006 the number has dwindled to about 10,000.
		The African elephant nominally has governmental protection, but the implementation practices of the government (backed with certain EU help) has been insufficient to stem the slaughter by poachers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_elephant (262 words)

	African Elephant
		The African elephant is the largest of all of the living land mammals.
		When a male elephant reaches puberty, they are sent away to live in one of the "bachelor" herds.
		African elephants live in Africa, south of the Sahara both in the savanna and in the tropical forest.
	www.worldkids.net /critters/mammals/elephant.htm (697 words)

	Welcome to the Indianapolis Zoo & Gardens
		African elephants are living members of the order “Proboscidea”; named for the trunk or nose.
		They are also called pachyderms for the Greek pachy derma or “thick skin.” The African elephant consists of two distinct subspecies, the bush elephant (Loxodonta africana africana) and the forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis).
		The forest African elephant is smaller, has rounder ears, and its tusks grow straighter and are made of harder ivory.
	www.indyzoo.com /content.aspx?cid=292 (401 words)

	Grade 6
		The African elephant lives in Africa, south of the Sahara desert in tropical forests, savannah areas, deserts and river valleys.
		Elephants drink water by sucking it up with their trunks and spraying it into their mouths.
		Elephants are ready to mate at the age of 15 to 16, usually with a bull that is able to fight with other bulls in the herd.
	www.tenan.vuurwerk.nl /reports/eversdal/grade6.htm (501 words)

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