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Topic: African Lungfish

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	Lungfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lungfish are best-known for retaining characteristics primitive within the Osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and structures primitive within Sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton.
		African and South American lungfish are capable of surviving seasonal desiccation of habitats by burrowing into mud and estivating throughout the dry season.
		Changes in physiology allow the lungfish to slow its metabolism to greater than 1/60th of the normal metabolic rate, and protein waste is converted from ammonia to less-toxic urea (normally, lungfish excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia directly into the water).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lungfish (639 words)

	Lungfish - MSN Encarta
		The name lungfish is derived from the specialized lung that is the fishes' primary organ for respiration.
		Lungfishes are brown and mottled in color and have eel-like bodies, usually from 61 cm to 1 m (24 in to 4 ft) in length, although some species are 2 m (6 ft) long.
		The Australian lungfish is classified as Neoceratodus forsteri, and the South American lungfish as Lepidosiren paradoxa.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566000/Lungfish.html (274 words)

	African Lungfish - Picture - MSN Encarta
		This lungfish is equipped with both a lung and rudimentary gills.
		During the dry season, the African lungfish is able to survive by curling itself into a tight ball with its tail covering the eyes.
		The lungfish then becomes dormant, or estivates, until the rainy season again fills the pool, softens the mud casing, and releases the fish.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461517316_761566000_-1_1/African_Lungfish.html (78 words)

	Animals of Habitat Africa! The Forest
		The African giant rat is one of the largest rat species, weighing between 2-5 pounds and measuring as long as 3 feet in length.
		African lungfish (resemble eels) have both gills and lungs and must rise to the surface to breathe.
		The African giant millipede is believed to be the largest millipede in the world, growing to as much as a foot long.
	www.brookfieldzoo.org /pagegen/generate.asp?pageid=380 (2327 words)

	lungfish - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		LUNGFISH [lungfish] common name for any of a group of fish belonging to the families Ceratodontidae and Lepidosirenidae, found in the rivers of South America, Africa, and Australia.
		Lungfish feed on snails and plants, storing quantities of fat for sustenance during hibernation.
		Lungfish are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Osteichthyes, order Dipteriformes, families Ceratodontidae and Lepidosirenidae.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-lungfish.html (386 words)

	Slender African Lungfish: WhoZoo
		The African lungfish digs itself into a mud hole and curls up in a chamber that is lined with mucus and breaths out of the mouth.
		Also the African lungfish is able to survive in dry climate because it burries its self in mud.
		The African lungfish resides in the aquarium with smaller fish and is not too active.
	www.whozoo.org /Anlife99/lashawn/africanlungfishindex4.htm (455 words)

	African Bird Club \| main
		The idea of this incredible structure as a shoe is by no means inappropriate, suggesting as it does a container (one of the lighter sides of the species' life is when parents use it to pour quantities of water over their overheated nestlings).
		The attack, when it comes, is awesome in its speed and power, the massive bird flapping and pouncing downward to grasp the passing fish in its inescapable mandibles, the sharp, upcurving edges and hooked-over tooth gripping, crushing and piercing in one decisive moment.
		African lungfish are common prey among a variety of larger fish, though smaller types are also caught.
	www.africanbirdclub.org /feature/shoefull.html (1085 words)

	Protopterus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The African lungfish are the genus Protopterus and constitute the four species of lungfish found in Africa.
		The African mudfish, or lungfish, can live out of water for many months in its burrow of hardened mud beneath a dried-up streambed.
		Native Africans have been found to dig it up, burrow and all, and store it for later use when they want fresh fish to eat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protopterus (255 words)

	Lungfish - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		This group was dominant and widespread during the Paleozoic...
		Gills are made of a series of thin sheets or filaments through...
		The year 1964 produced a virtual solution to the problem of the general function of the thymus gland, which is a large structure in the young animal but gradually degenerates as the animal matures.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Lungfish.html (145 words)

	African Lung Fish
		Lungfish can survive in poorly aerated waters since they have lungs which make its possible for them to obtain oxygen directly from the air.
		The largest Lungfish is one of the African lungfish species, a fish which can reach a maximal size of 2 metres / 6 feet which makes it unsuitable for hobbyist aquariums.
		This Lungfish can also be kept in aquariums and its requirements are very similar to the African lungfish species.
	www.uda.co.uk /african_lung_fish.htm (566 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Lungfish
		lungfish LUNGFISH [lungfish] common name for any of a group of fish belonging to the families Ceratodontidae and Lepidosirenidae, found in the rivers of South America, Africa, and Australia.
		bichir BICHIR [bichir], common name for African freshwater fishes as of the family Polypteridae, and particularly for those of the genus Polypterus.
		Bichirs are among the most primitive of the ray-finned fishes, or Actinopterygii, the dominant group of modern fishes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Lungfish (529 words)

	Queensland Lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri
		'Granddad', the octogenarian Queensland Lungfish at the Shedd Aquarium.
		The eyesight of the Queensland Lungfish has been reported to be poor and the location of prey was thought to be based on the sense of smell rather than sight.
		The African lungfish Protopterus annectens is known for its ability to bury in the mud.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/nforsteri.htm (769 words)

	You Could Call This Fish An Aqualung! It's The Lungfish! :: AquaFriend.Com! :: The Freshwater Fish Hobbyist's Friend!
		The African lungfish are natives of the Nile, Congo and Zaire rivers.
		The African lungfish's ability to survive during drought conditions is one of the greatest oddities in the animal kingdom!
		The lungfish awakens from its dormant stage and it ruptures its cocoon.
	www.aquafriend.com /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=69 (1766 words)

	Protopterus annectens brieni
		Lungfishes were accidentally introduced into the dambo (swamp) of the Mpatsanjoka River, along the Senga Bay—Salima road, Malawi (Tweddle, 1989).
		The lungfishes are a truly ancient group of vertebrates, known from fossils dating to at least the lower Devonian, some 408 million years ago.
		South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (formerly known as the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology).
	malawicichlids.com /mw11001a.htm (577 words)

	Urea synthesis in the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi - hepatic carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and glutamine ...
		Urea synthesis in the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi - hepatic carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and glutamine synthetase are upregulated by 6 days of aerial exposure -- Chew et al.
		Basins, the slender lungfish Protopterus dolloi aestivates on
		in the liver of African lungfish (Campbell and Anderson, 1991
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/20/3615 (5405 words)

	Untitled Document
		Lungfish are unusual in that they do not take oxygen from water as other fish do, instead they breathe air.
		A lungfish that is aestivating will stay in its cocoon for 3-4 months of dry season.
		During this period of aestivation, a lungfish's metabolism is reduced and its oxygen consumption falls.
	www.colszoo.org /animalareas/shores/aflung.html (270 words)

	Lungfish - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Lungfishes are sarcopterygian fish that can breathe air (and in some species are obligate air-breathers), and have limb-like appendages instead of fins.
		Taxonomy of lungfishes presents some difficulty because of their resemblances to both fish and land-dwelling vertebrates, and have been classified in a variety of ways, ranging from class Dipnoi, to infraclass Dipnomorpha, to order Dipteriformes.
		You can find it there under the keyword Lungfish (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungfish)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lungfishandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Lungfish (229 words)

	Bivalvia:Fossil Groups: SciComms 03-04: Earth Sciences
		The African lungfish species can reach lengths up to 2 metres and they have unique filamentous appendages that are highly mobile.
		African lungfish are common in areas that flood in the rainy season but become extremely dry in the dry season.
		The metabolism of the lungfish does not stop during the estivation period but it slows down and muscle proteins are the only source of energy.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Sarcopterygii/Lungfish/index9.html (640 words)

	Lungfish
		Lungfish are ancient fish that can be found in Australia, South America and Africa.
		The lungs found in lungfish are very similar to the lungs found in primitive reptiles.Lungfish has been present since the Lower Devonian area which means that they have been around for more than 100 million years.
		All lungfish species can grow very big and the African lungfish can grow to be more than 2m / 6 feet long.
	www.howtoadvice.com /Preview/Juvmpem (445 words)

	African lungfish Photo, Protopterus annectens :: Image #14684 :: Phillip Colla Natural History Photography
		The African lungfish has adapted to survive out of water for several years.
		When swamp waters recede, the lungfish burrows into the mud and covers itself with a thick coat of slime.
		The lungfish emerges from its cocoon after the first seasonal rains refill the swamp.
	www.oceanlight.com /info.php?img=14684 (678 words)

	ZIMMER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Richard Owen — 1839 — contemplates the African lungfish.
		Lungfishes were the closest approach that fishes made to reptilian form.
		Lungfishes survive as a major group from the Devonian — part of the lobe-finned fishes.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~zoology/Zool571/ch1.htm (1232 words)

	Cleveland Metroparks Zoo - Searchable Animal Database
		While the African lungfish can live for up to 4 years out of water, the Australian variety can exist for only a short time in atmospheric air.The gills are normally used for respiration, but atmospheric air can be breathed in adverse conditions.
		Lungfish are carnivores, and when fully grown will eat frogs and small fish.
		The Australian lungfish does not estivate in a mud tube or chamber like other lungfishes.
	www.clemetzoo.com /animal_plant/info/index.asp?action=details&animals_id=1131&strQuery=&intNext= (193 words)

	Lung fish
		Lungfish are a group of ancient fish that can be found in Africa; South America and Australia.
		Lungfish can depending on species grow to a max size of 1.2-2m / 4-6.6 ft. They are very aggressive and predatory and are best kept in aquariums without any other fish present.
		Lungfish are very easy to feed and will eat just about anything that fits into their mouth (secure heaters and other equipment) Suggested foods include fish, crayfish, crabs and any other type of meaty food that isn’t to fat.
	www.aquaticcommunity.com /universal-viewid265.html (654 words)

	HighBeam Research: Library Search: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		AAP General News (Australia); Aug 30, 2005; 179 Words AAP General News (Australia) 08-30-2005 Qld: Lungfish eyes may show environment in a new light An Australian scientist believes one of the oldest living species on earth may hold the key to helping humans look at their environment in a new way.
		Meanwhile, Granddad, an Australian lungfish that was brought to the aquarium in April...
		Lungfish is probably one of the least accessible...
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=SS&search_newspapers=on&search_magazines=on&q=lungfish&refid=ency_botnm (927 words)

	Lungfish
		All lungfish share the one common organ that has given them their name.
		The lungs found in lungfish are very similar to the lungs found in primitive reptiles.
		Lungfish has been present since the Lower Devonian area which means that they have been around for more than 100 million years.
	www.articlesender.com /articles/article73.html (520 words)

	Book of The Damned, Asylum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The African Lungfish are periodically exposed to water with low oxygen content or lack thereof completely.
		While it is satisfactory, the African Lungfish's circulatory system could be vastly improved with only minor evolutionary tinkering.
		The African Lungfish can now maintain normal metabolic rates when exposed to air, and to operate at much higher metabolic rates in water.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /~tld/arcanum/lungfish.html (263 words)

	Education World® - Science : Life Science : Zoology : Aquatic Life : Fish : Species : General Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)*
		African Lungfish Silent Tankbuster Lungfish owner explains the joys and pitfalls of owning this creature.
		Appalachian African Cichlid Club for enthusiasts in the Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia areas.
		Aquaria Central Traces the origin of the lungfish to the Zaire river basin and identifies them as carnivorous predators.
	db.education-world.com /perl/browse?cat_id=3203 (500 words)

	Lungfish info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In captivity, the aquarium must be large, with a deep substrate made out of sand or mud.
		Plants are highly recommended for the Lungfish environment.
		Lungfish are carnivorous predators that relish live foods.
	www.aquariacentral.com /fishinfo/fresh/lungfish.htm (246 words)

	Nuclear protein-coding genes support lungfish and not the coelacanth as the closest living relatives of land ...
		Nuclear protein-coding genes support lungfish and not the coelacanth as the closest living relatives of land vertebrates -- Brinkmann et al.
		lungfish Protopterus dolloi, and the Indonesian coelacanth Latimeria
		that lungfishes are the closest relatives of land vertebrates.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/14/4900 (3057 words)

	Encyclopedia
		They occur in freshwater areas of eastern Australia (genus Neoceratodus), southwestern Africa (Protopterus), and northeastern South America (Lepidosiren).
		The name lungfish is derived from the specialized lung that is the primary organ for respiration; the lungfish must rise to the surface to breathe.
		Lungfish are brown and mottled in color and have eellike bodies, usually from 61 cm to 1 m (24 in to 4 ft) in length, although some species are 2 m (6 ft) long.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..lu103500.a (249 words)

	Professor Probal Chaudhuri Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It is generally agreed upon that the coelacanth together with different types of lungfish and the extinct rhipidistians formed the class of lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) from which the tetrapods originated, and different varieties of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) are only distantly related to tetrapods.
		However, which member of the class of lobe-finned fish is the closest living relative of the tetrapods is a question that has fascinated evolutionary biologists for a long time.
		Their analysis seems to suggest some statistical evidence of the mitochondrial genome of the lungfish being closer than that of the coelacanth to mitochondrial genomes of land living and amphibian animals.
	www.math.uiuc.edu /hilda/htmlcalendars/Oct09_00/chaudhuri_oct10-00.html (514 words)

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