African National Congress

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Topic: African National Congress

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	African National Congress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In April 1994, in a tripartite coalition with the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions, the ANC won a landslide victory in the 1994 general election, and Nelson Mandela was appointed the first President of South Africa.
		In 1947 the ANC allied with the Natal Indian Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress, broadening the basis of its opposition to the government.
		In June 1955, the Congress of the People, organised by the ANC and Indian, Coloured and White organizations at Kliptown near Johannesburg, adopted the Freedom Charter, henceforth the fundamental document of the anti-apartheid struggle with its demand for equal rights for all regardless of race.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_National_Congress (1472 words)

	African National Congress
		The African National Congress is the main fraternal black political power in black Africa and the oldest.
		Nelson Mandela was elected President of the African National Congress in 1991 and past president Oliver Tambo was elected National Chairperson.
		The All-African National Convention held in 1935 attracted 400 delegates to Loemfontein and proposed the removal of the limited franchise the Cape Africans enjoyed and define, once and for all the area to be allocated to the Africans in the Natives' Land and Trust Bill.
	latter-rain.com /ltrain/anc.htm (2178 words)

	MSN Encarta - African National Congress
		African National Congress (ANC), South African political organization, historically devoted to the removal of apartheid and other institutional forms of racial discrimination, and the equalization of relations between racial communities within South Africa.
		In May 1994, under the leadership of Nelson Mandela, the ANC won the first election in which South Africa's black majority had been allowed to vote, and became the country's ruling party.
		Mandela retired from the leadership of the ANC in December 1997 and was succeeded by Thabo Mbeki.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579473/African_National_Congress.html (844 words)

	African National Congress
		South African political party, founded in 1912 as a multiracial nationalist organization with the aim of extending the franchise to the whole population and ending all racial discrimination.
		Talks between the ANC and the South African government began in December 1991 and culminated in the adoption of a non-racial constitution in 1993 and the ANC's agreement to participate in a power-sharing administration, as a prelude to full majority rule.
		In the country's first universal suffrage elections in April 1994, the ANC won a sweeping victory, capturing 62% of the vote, and Nelson Mandela was elected president.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019487.html (519 words)

	History of the African National Congress, 1912-1990
		The African National Congress (ANC) claimed the overwhelming majority in the historic free elections in South Africa on April the 27th, 1994 that marked the end of the Apartheid era.
		The ANC Youth League was formed in 1944 and this organisation was the primary mover behind the 1949 Programme of Action and the subsequent Defiance Campaign of the 1950's.
		As the ANC maintained its passive approach, organisations such as the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union and a number of other subsequent socialist-oriented societies began to gain ground as they addressed the needs of blacks, who had been increasingly forced into the mines and other menial jobs through legislation.
	wa.essortment.com /africannational_rtep.htm (1084 words)

	AIM25: Institute of Commonwealth Studies: African National Congress Papers
		Administrative/Biographical history: The African National Congress (ANC) was formed in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress (it changed its name to the ANC in 1923) with the aim of replacing tribal opposition to white rule with a united African force.
		In 1947 Dadoo, Naicker and Xuma of the ANC agreed a pact for joint action by the South African Indian Congress and the ANC.
		The Natal Indian Congress was revived in 1971 and the Transvaal Indian Congress in 1983.
	www.aim25.ac.uk /cats/16/4643.htm (906 words)

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		The African National Congress or any affiliated person, organisation or other related entity accepts no responsibility for any application, use or interpretation of the information contained on this server and disclaims all liability for direct, indirect or consequential damages or loss resulting from the use of this service.
		Mindful of the profound responsibility we bear to continue the struggle to transform our society, and in consideration of the critical tasks we must undertake this year, the ANC National Executive Committee has declared 2006, 'The Year of Mobilisation for People's Power through Democratic Local Government'.
		The ANC this week concluded the selection of candidates for the local government elections due to take place on 1 March, completing an extensive and meticulous list process that has once again confirmed the strength and depth of participatory democracy in the movement.
	www.anc.org.za (305 words)

	Strategy and Tactics of the African National Congress by African National Congress
		Strategy and Tactics of the African National Congress
		Strategy and Tactics of the African National Congress by African National Congress
		This period witnessed the emergence and development of the primary organisation of the liberation movement — The African National Congress.
	www.marxists.org /subject/africa/anc/1970/congress.htm (5419 words)

	South Africa's political parties - SouthAfrica.info
		The African National Congress is the majority party in the National Assembly and controls eight of the country's nine provinces.
		The South African Native National Congress was founded in 1912 with the aim to bring together Africans to defend their rights and fight for freedom.
		The New National Party (NNP), formerly the Nationalist Party, ruled South Africa for the over 40 years of the apartheid era, from 1948 to 1994.
	www.safrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/constitution/polparties.htm (2766 words)

	Campaign for the return of democracy to Haiti - May 13, 2005
		A call for action by the African National Congress
		ANC - South Africans are called on to join the people of Haiti, and others around the world, in campaigning for the return of stability, the rule of law and democracy to the Caribbean state.
		As the situation of Haiti's poor worsens daily, South Africans are called upon to join others around the world in campaigning for a return to constitutionality, stability and political freedom in Haiti.
	www.haitiaction.net /News/ANC/5_13_5.html (880 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		On January 8, 1912, the African National Congress was established to protest rampant racial discrimination and to advocate for legal reforms establishing racial equality.
		The ANC was implicated in several terrorist incidents in the 1980s that targeted international corporations with facilities in South Africa.
		Today, ANC is a legal political party and current South African President Thabo Mbeki is an ANC politician.
	www.tkb.org /Group.jsp?groupID=305 (674 words)

	ANC (African National Congress)
		He joined the African National Congress in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party's apartheid policies after 1948.
		In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been banned in 1960, Mandela was elected President of the ANC while his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organization's National Chairperson.
		In June 1961, the ANC executive considered his proposal on the use of violent tactics and agreed that those members who wished to involve themselves in Mandela's campaign would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC.
	www.fiftythings.com /anc.html (436 words)

	frontline: the long walk of nelson mandela: chronology
		The National Party passes the Suppression of Communism Act, the Population and Registration Act, and the Group Areas act, which strictly enforce apartheid policies and are intended to crush any mass movement.
		Mandela is elected president and the ANC wins 252 of the 400 seats in the national assembly.
		The ANC responds to government's banning by endorsing an "armed struggle." Mandela goes underground and launches the armed struggle by forming Umkhonto we Sizwe (The Spear of the Nation)--or MK.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/mandela/etc/cron.html (2445 words)

	ALFRED BITINI XUMA, M. D. TRANSKEI, 1893 - SOWETO 27 JANUARY 1962: Part 2 - September 1998
		He strongly opposed the removal of Africans from the common voter rolls, demanding a dramatic increase in their political representation, insisting that direct franchise be granted immediately.
		This increase in African organization, structure and unity quickly came under the scrutiny of the Smuts government, leading to a number of rhetorical and eventually physical clashes, the most serious of which took place on the steps of Parliament in August, 1944.
		After all, he was forced out of the ANC leadership by the Youth League and he did not bring about the political and social freedom that came eventually in 1994.
	www.greatepicbooks.com /epics/september98.html (1648 words)

	South Africa - Formation of the African National Congress, 1912
		Several hundred members of South Africa's educated African elite met at Bloemfontein on January 8, 1912, and established a national organization to protest racial discrimination and to appeal for equal treatment before the law.
		Numerous meetings were held by Africans, coloureds, and Indians to protest the whites-only nature of the constitutional discussions that took place in 1908 to 1909.
		When the congress sent a deputation to London in 1914 to protest the Natives Land Act, the colonial secretary informed them that there was nothing that he could do.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/19.htm (593 words)

	South Africa - Atlapedia Online
		In 1959 the ANC split to form the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) and in 1960 the PAC embarked on a campaign in protest to laws that controlled the movements of Blacks.
		During the late 1970's the government established 10 Bantustans or Homelands for all the Black Africans, of which 4 have been granted independence, although they are not recognized by the international community.
		In Sept. 1989 Prime Minister de Klerk was elected President and began to establish social reforms so that South Africa's political isolation would be brought to an end and the imposed sanctions could be lifted.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/southafr.htm (1975 words)

	Zambia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The legislative branch consists of a national assembly comprised of 150 elected and 8 appointed members and the speaker.
		The Africans protested the discrimination and ill treatment to which they were subjected by staging strikes in 1935, 1940, and 1956.
		Following a massive civil disobedience campaign in 1962, Africans were given a larger voice in the affairs of the protectorate.
	www.bartleby.com /65/za/Zambia.html (1838 words)

	CBC News Indepth: South Africa
		1947: The ANC allies with the Natal Indian Congress and the Transvaal Indian Congress to broaden its support against the government.
		May 10, 1994: The ANC wins 63 per cent of the vote in South Africa's first democratic elections.
		University of Fort Hare: archives of the ANC
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/southafrica/anc.html (882 words)

	Long Walk to Freedom
		As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule.
		He brings vividly to life the escalating political warfare in the fifties between the ANC and the government, culminating in his dramatic escapades as an underground leader and the notorious Rivonia Trial of 1964, at which he was sentenced to life imprisonment.
		Many thanks to my ANC office staff, who patiently dealt with the logistics of the making of this book, but in particular to Barbara Masekela for her efficient coordination.
	www.obs-us.com /obs/english/books/Mandela/Mandela.html (900 words)

	African National Congress
		The African people to-day are paying very dearly for their failure to bury the African National Congress 20 years ago.
		It is against this background of political upsurge that we must view the machinations of the African National Congress in the ensuing period and the treacherous political role it played.
		"That the African National Congress is highly indebted to the All African Convention for its labours in seeking redress and justice for the Africans in connection with the 'Native Acts' and also in assisting to awaken the spirit of union among the African people.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/sources/all-africa-convention/chapter-11.htm (4581 words)

	Biography of Nelson Mandela
		Their chief contention was that the political tactics of the old guard' leadership of the ANC, reared in the tradition of constitutionalism and polite petitioning of the government of the day, were proving inadequate to the tasks of national emancipation.
		When the ANC was banned after the Sharpeville massacre in 1960, he was detained until 1961 when he went underground to lead a campaign for a new national convention.
		In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after being banned for decades, Nelson Mandela was elected President of the ANC while his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organisation's National Chairperson.
	www.anc.org.za /people/mandela.html (3581 words)

	African National Congress on Encyclopedia.com
		KRT (October 6) Members of Congress applaud during the unveilingSouth Carolina, was the first African-American elected to the Uand served four terms in Congress in the 1870s.
		South Carolina, was the first African-American elected to the URepresentatives and served four terms in Congress in the 1870s.
		Thabo Mbeki succeeded Mandela as head of the ANC in 1997 and as president of South Africa in 1999.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/AfricnN1C1.asp (991 words)

	South Africa
		The African National Congress (ANC), the principal antiapartheid organization, was banned that year, and in 1964 its leader, Nelson Mandela, was sentenced to life imprisonment.
		As expected, on April 15, 2004, the African National Congress won South Africa's general election in a landslide, taking about 70% of the vote, and Thabo Mbeki was sworn in for a second term.
		Jan Christiaan Smuts brought the nation into World War II on the Allied side against Nationalist opposition, and South Africa became a charter member of the United Nations in 1945, but he refused to sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107983.html (1611 words)

	Mr. Dowling's Nelson Mandela Page
		Nelson Mandela led the African National Congress, a black liberation group that opposed South Africa& white minority government and apartheid.
		Three years after his release, South Africans of all races were allowed to vote for the first time in a national election.
		Mandela was initially opposed to violence, but after a massacre of unarmed black South Africans in 1962, he began advocating acts of sabotage against the government.
	www.mrdowling.com /610-mandela.html (339 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Special reports PW Botha interview triggers censorship row
		But the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) did not transmit the programme, prompting accusations of political interference by the ruling African National Congress, which appoints the board.
		After suffering a minor stroke in 1989, Mr Botha was usurped by his National party rival, Mr de Klerk, who freed Mr Mandela the following year and agreed to multiracial elections in 1994, which ushered in ANC rule.
		Mr Botha was swept into parliament in 1948 as a member of the National party which ruled with an iron fist for the next four decades, implementing increasingly severe restrictions on the rights of non-whites, who formed a majority.
	www.guardian.co.uk /southafrica/story/0,13262,1689693,00.html?gusrc=rss (619 words)

	African National Congress (South Africa)
		The African National Congress (ANC) flag is as indicated above - black, green and gold.
		The ANC badge (adopted on the 75th anniversary of the organisation in 1987) comprising a fist holding a traditional spear superimposed on a traditional shield adjace
		The flag I've seen very often before the apartheid ended and less frequently these days is a simple NVY tricolour.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/za-anc.html (97 words)

	African National Congress landslide
		The new provincial premier is Communist Party leader and former head of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), Mabhazima (Sam) Shilowa.
		The ANC's pro-business perspective was expressed in the financial press just before the election by ex-activist Firoz Cachalia, now a leading ANC politician in Johannesburg: “Fiscal and monetary constraint and liberalised trade and capital movements...
		Notwithstanding continuing evidence of his connivance in apartheid-era atrocities against ANC supporters, Buthelezi is expected to be appointed as one of Mbeki's two deputy presidents.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1999/364/364p2.htm (1279 words)

	BBC NEWS World Africa Manhunt for Zulu prince killers
		South African police are looking for three men suspected of killing a Zulu prince and ruling African National Congress (ANC) official.
		ANC provincial spokesperson Mtholephi Mthimkhulu expressed the party's "shock and devastation" at the killing.
		"In the early 90s he was instrumental in clandestinely mobilising for the ANC in the area which was then a no-go area for the movement," he said.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/newsFeedXML/moreover/-/1/hi/world/africa/4314003.stm (204 words)

	Historical Documents Archive
		Sean MacBride, S.C., Foreign Minister of Ireland (1948), United Nations Commissioner for Namibia and leader of organisations for human rights and peace
		Archives of the ANC at the University of Fort Hare
		This section contains documents that were either produced by the ANC, about the role of the ANC and its allies in the struggle for liberation or directly concerned with the ANC.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history (290 words)

	SOUTH AFRICAN NATIVE NATIONAL CONGRESS
		The political climate of the time resulted in the formation of the South African Native National Congress in Bloemfontein and Sol Plaatje, a founder member, was elected the first General Secretary.
		On 11 June 1919 Sol Plaatje led another delegation to England to bring the discriminatory laws of the South African government to the attention of the British government.
		Plaatje became involved in the political plight of his people, especially when he realised the tremendous impact the Natives’ Land Act of 1913 would have on the Black population of South Africa.
	www.museumsnc.co.za /McGregor/departments/history/solplaat/ANC.htm (390 words)

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