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Topic: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde

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	African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Portuguese: Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde), or PAIGC is a political party in Guinea-Bissau.
		In the 1950s, Portuguese Guinea was the poorest and least developed Portuguese colony in Africa, though it was prized for its strategic position, as it acted as a stepping stone from Portugal to her colonies in Mozambique and Angola.
		Independence was unilaterally declared on September 24 1973 and was recognized by a 93-7 UN General Assembly vote in November [1], unprecedented as it denounced illegal Portuguese aggression and occupation and was prior to complete control and Portuguese recognition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde (1191 words)

	Guinea-Bissau
		The rivers of Guinea and the islands of Cape Verde were among the first areas in Africa explored by the Portuguese in the 15th century.
		In 1630, a "captaincy-general" of Portuguese Guinea was established to administer the territory.
		The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) was organized clandestinely by Amilcar Cabral and Raphael Barbosa in 1956.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Guinea-Bissau.html (324 words)

	African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The African Party of Independence of Cape Verde (Portuguese: Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo Verde, PAICV) is a social-democratic political party in Cape Verde.
		It came to power as a sole ruling party after independence and ruled the country under the name African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde.
		The party was formed with the intent of unifying Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau, which fought their revolutionary wars against António Salazar's Portugal simultaneously.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Cape_Verde (324 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Cape Verde was discovered in 1456 by Luigi da Cadamosto, a navigator in the service of Portugal.
		Although the PAIGC was the sole legal party in both nations, a movement to unite the two was hindered by Cape Verde's nationalism and geographic remoteness.
		In 1981, the PAIGC was renamed the PAICV (African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde), a new constitution was adopted, and Arístides Maria Pereira (Cape Verde's first president) was reelected.
	www.greatestcities.com /talkread.bml?journal=gikky&itemid=13542 (377 words)

	FACT SHEET: Republic of Guinea-Bissau at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The administrative capital was moved from Bolama to Bissau in 1941, and in 1952, by constitutional amendment, the colony of Portuguese Guinea became an overseas province of Portugal.
		The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde National Assembly met at Boe in the southeastern region and declared the independence of Guinea-Bissau on September 24, 1973.
		The president also was head of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde and commander in chief of the armed forces.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/africa/guinea_bissau/index.shtml (1104 words)

	Snapshot, Africa: Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west.
		Formerly the Portuguese colony of Portuguese Guinea, upon independence, the name of its capital, Bissau, was added to the country's official name in order to prevent confusion between itself and the Republic of Guinea.
		Independence was unilaterally declared on September 24, 1973 and was recognized by a 93-7 UN General Assembly vote in November, unprecedented as it denounced illegal Portuguese aggression and occupation and was prior to complete control and Portuguese recognition.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Africaweb/snapshot/Snapshot-Africa20.htm (403 words)

	Pilot Guides.com: Introduction to Guinea-Bissau
		Independence was declared in 1973 after the longest fight for liberation Africa has seen, and Portuguese Guinea became Guinea-Bissau.
		The war for freedom from the fascist Portuguese regime was fought and won by the PAIGC (the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde).
		The leader of the party was murdered about six months before independence was declared, and his half-brother stepped in to lead the country to victory.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/africa/west_africa/guinea_bissau.php (777 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Africa
		Political Parties: African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde is the ruling party; 11 other political parties were legalized during 1991-93.
		HISTORY The rivers of Guinea and the islands of Cape Verde were among the first areas in Africa explored by the Portuguese in the 15th century.
		The single- party assembly approved a new constitution, elected President Vieira to a new 5-year term, and elected a Council of State, which is the executive agent of the ANP.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/af/guineabissau9404.html (2190 words)

	A short history of Cape Verde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In 1450 the Cape Verde Islands are discovered by the Venetian explorer Alvise Cadaosto.
		The islands are claimed by Portugal in 1460 and in 1495 Portugal establishes the colony of the Cape Verde Islands.
		Between 1836 and 1879 the colony is united with Portuguese Guinea.
	www.electionworld.org /history/capeverde.htm (267 words)

	FACT SHEET: Republic of Cape Verde at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This was a popular destination because of the whales that abounded in the waters around Cape Verde, and as early as 1810 whaling ships from Massachusetts and Rhode Island in the U.S. recruited crews from the islands of Brava and Fogo.
		Moving its headquarters to Conakry, Guinea in 1960, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde began an armed rebellion against Portugal in 1961.
		Cape Verde abandoned its hope for unity with Guinea-Bissau and formed the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/africa/cape_verde/index.shtml (1011 words)

	1993 Human Rights Report: GUINEA-BISSAU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		One opposition party unsuccessfully tried to establish its own radio station; it is not clear whether this initiative failed because of political or economic considerations.
		Some citizens are disqualified as presidential candidates because of a controversial new law requiring all candidates to have parents and at least one grandparent on both the maternal and paternal sides of the family born in Guinea-Bissau.
		The four independent unions are comprised of teachers, transport and communications workers, judicial employees, and health workers.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /erc/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_africa/Guinea-Bissau.html (3016 words)

	Guinea-Bissau - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It is bound by Guinea to the south and east, Senegal to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.
		In 1956 African nationalist leaders in Portuguese Guinea founded the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) and during the early 1960's the PAIGC trained many Portuguese Guinean farmers in guerrilla warfare.
		Cape Verde condemned the coup and cut off diplomatic relations, although the two countries held reconciliation talks in June 1982.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/guin_bis.htm (1201 words)

	History of GUINEA-BISSAU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Portuguese presence in Guinea is not disputed by the French.
		The republic of Cape Verde is established in July.
		Portuguese Guinea and the Cape Verde islands become separately independent, in 1974 and 1975, as the republics of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad46 (913 words)

	Pedagogy In Process- The Letters to Guinea Bissau
		The struggle for independence was under the leadership of Amilcar Cabral and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and the Cape Verde islands (PAIGC).
		During the independence movement the people began to reclaim their culture, and thus were undergoing "the decolonizing of mentality", or what Amilcar Cabral called the, "re-Africanization of mentality" (14).
		The book Pedagogy In Process- Letters to Guinea Bissau is a valuable contribution to Freire's other works, as the reader is able to see Freire actively participating in the reconstruction of a country, and I believe that it is for this reason that Freire expresses more clearly his political views.
	fcis.oise.utoronto.ca /~daniel_schugurensky/freire/vr.html (2159 words)

	CAPE VERDE - HOME PAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The islands of Cape Verde lie approximately 645km off the coast of Senegal it is one of the smallest and poorest African nations.
		The language, Cape Verde Creole, is a result of the intermingling of Portuguese and various West African languages brought by the slaves.
		The PAIGC wanted union between Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde and up to 1980, efforts were made to create the union but after a coup in Guinea Bissau the plan was abandoned and the islands have remained independent.
	www.africanet.com /africanet/country/cape-v (321 words)

	guinea-bissau - ppu infrormation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Nationalist groups now began to form; the African Party for the Independence of Portuguese Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) was established in 1956.
		In 1981 PAIGC was declared the only legal political party, and in 1984 a new constitution established Vieira as head of both government and state.
		In 2000 Kumba Yala, leader of the Party for Social Renovation (PRS), was elected to replace the ousted Vieira.
	www.ppu.org.uk /war/countries/africa/guinea-bissau.html (700 words)

	Portugal Africa - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ...
		The manner in which independence was granted, however, and the results that were produced proved to be highly controversial.
		And in Angola, Portugal's most valuable African colony, power was given to the similarly Marxist-Leninist Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola--MPLA) which, among the three factions fighting for independence, was the only one allied with the Soviet Union.
		The haste with which independence was granted and the simple turning of power over to the very Marxist-Leninist elements Portugal had been fighting, without any further guarantees, had a number of serious consequences.
	www.photius.com /countries/portugal/government/portugal_government_africa.html (592 words)

	Guinea-Bissau: Angus Reid Consultants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		LuÃs de Almeida Cabral and his African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) ruled the country until 1980, when military strongman JoÃ£o Vieira seized power in a coup.
		The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) picked Malam Bacai SanhÃ¡â”who lost the run-off to IalÃ¡ in 2000â”as its candidate.
		Cape Verde president Pedro Pires urged all candidates to "accept with maturity the "sovereign verdict" of voters.
	www.angus-reid.com /tracker/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewItem&itemID=6538 (1770 words)

	africast.com - News List
		During their second talks on the crisis within one month, the two presidents stressed the need for Guinea Bissau`s president-elect, Joao Bernardo "Nino" Vieira, to be officially installed as head of state after his election on 24 July.
		Challenger Malam Bacai Sanha of the ruling African Party for the Independence of Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) is disputing the victory of independent candidate Vieira.
		In this connection, the two leaders underscored the importance of a robust external assistance to end the financial and economic problems that have plunged Guinea Bissau in recent years.
	news.africast.com /article.php?newsID=56366 (211 words)

	Elections in Guinea-Bissau
		The nation’s independence was formally recognized in 1974.
		Following the overthrow of the Cabral regime in 1980 and a four-year period of military rule, the National People’s Assembly elected João Bernardo Vieira President on 16 May 1984.
		Carlos Gomes was an independent* candidate supported by Democratic Convergence Party (PCD) whose leader, Victor Mandinga, was not eligible to run for President under the current election laws, which require that both parents of the candidate be Guineans born in the country.
	africanelections.tripod.com /gw.html (472 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		LOCATION and GEOGRAPHY: Cape Verde is an island group or archipelago of ten islands and five islets located in the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa.
		During the mid 1950's the African Party for the independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) fought to overthrow the Portuguese rule in both Cape Verde and Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau).
		Additionally, Portuguese Guinea gained independence in 1974 and during the later part of the 1970's the two nations held discussions about uniting under one government.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/capeverd.htm (914 words)

	Cape Verde president to mediate in poll deadlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Bacai Sanha's supporters have been gathering most days outside PAIGC party headquarters in protest, convinced that their candidate won and is now being cheated out of power.
		Vieira began life as a guerrilla commander in the PAIGC when it was still a liberation movement fighting Portuguese colonial rule and has been closely associated with the party for most of his political career.
		After independence in 1974 Vieira became a general in the army.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=48459 (755 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		In January 2000, Yala, a political unknown, won the presidential elections, beating the candidate of the all-powerful African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), which had led the armed struggle against Portugal's colonial army from 1961 to 1973.
		According to Ana Días Cordeiro, an analyst on African affairs, in Guinea-Bissau a coup was staged where ''there was nothing to lose, news of it did not come as a surprise, and it was seen as the only solution for pulling the country out of crisis'' and warding off a civil war.
		In September of that year, the PAIGC responded by declaring Guinea-Bissau's independence from Portugal, which was recognised by Lisbon one year later, after the Apr. 25, 1974 leftist military coup that overthrew the dictatorship of Marcello Caetano, who had succeeded Oliveira Salazar after his death in 1969.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=20349 (1421 words)

	GUINEA-BISSAU
		Wedged between Guinea and Senegal, Guinea-Bissau was the first Portuguese African colony to gain independence in 1974 after many years of war.
		The parties to the conflict in Guinea Bissau met in Abuja, Nigeria on October 21 and November 1st 1998 through the good offices of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which led to the restoration of peace and stability.
		Membership in the WAMU (West African Monetary Union), begun in May 1997, was expected to support 5% annual growth and contribute to fiscal discipline.
	www.gmvacations.com /packages/show_country.asp?countryid=GW (870 words)

	Guinea-Bissau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary; however, it was subject to political influence and corruption, and was undermined when the President replaced the President of the Supreme Court on two occasions during the year.
		On October 11, the Government banned a Resistencia da Guine-Bissau (RGB) party congress led by RGB Deputy Helder Vaz, citing a Supreme Court ruling that declared Vaz was not the legitimate RGB leader.
		The party congress later was held at a different location, where the participants elected Vaz as the leader.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18208.htm (5693 words)

	Index Ca-Ce
		When the ruling New Democratic Party called a provincial election in 1996, the split in the conservative vote due to the PDA and the Reform Party caused Campbell to narrowly lose the election, even though he won a plurality of the popular vote.
		She joined the Liberal Party in 1991, was elected to the Legislative Assembly from Molonglo on March 20, 1992 (reelected on March 2, 1995), and became leader of the Liberal Party (and thus leader of the opposition) on April 21, 1993.
		She was committed to the Labour Party's traditional left-wing philosophy, favouring a welfare state that fought for the interests of pensioners and the disabled.
	www.rulers.org /indexc1.html (18977 words)

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