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	Harlem Renaissance - MSN Encarta
		In fact, a major accomplishment of the Renaissance was to push open the door to mainstream white periodicals and publishing houses, although the relationship between the Renaissance writers and white publishers and audiences created some controversy.
		Furthermore, the existence of the body of African American literature from the Renaissance inspired writers such as Ralph Ellison and Richard Wright to pursue literary careers in the late 1930s and the 1940s.
		The outpouring of African American literature of the 1980s and 1990s by such writers as Alice Walker and Toni Morrison also had its roots in the writing of the Harlem Renaissance.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566483/Harlem_Renaissance.html (1719 words)

	Boundaries for an African Renaissance
		Some African leaders, stuck on the notion of states as bounded containers of wealth and authority, fear the loss of sovereignty that accompanies the development of regional institutions.
		At present it is vital that African leaders free themselves of the limited perceptions of the past, embark on a programme of boundary management and enhance cross-boundary cooperation.
		African dreams of a renaissance may be condemned to dashed hopes until and unless this issue is comprehensively addressed.
	ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za /archive/two/3/p21.html (1890 words)

	GCIS: The media in the African Renaissance
		It would be a travesty of the objectives of this Conference, and the very stage of discourse on the issue of the African Renaissance, if we were to veer into the woods and get mesmerised by the magnificent detail of the individual trees, at the expense of appreciating the category of the forest itself.
		If as Africans we starve children to bones, so debilitated that they cannot fend off flies from their eyes and noses, simply because they are of a different religion or race, we cannot hide this from the world: we are either shamed into collective action or forced to carry an embarrassed conscience wherever we go.
		The African renaissance is meant, among others, to undo this: to acknowledge the opposition to our self-determination, but also to reverse the tendency to portray ourselves as hapless victims of plots by powerful foreign forces.
	www.gcis.gov.za /media/ceo/980928.htm (3155 words)

	Democratic Transition and the African Renaissance in Sub-Saharan Africa
		South African president Thabo Mbeki, one of the eminent exponents of the idea of "African renaissance," describes it by such characteristics as self-esteem and self-definition, the dignity of the human being, the material welfare of the individual and freedom from oppression and fear, cultural and intellectual regeneration.
		This study is, however, concerned with a specific and well-defined dimension of the African renaissance as it relates solely to the political sphere.
		It explores the concept of African renaissance from the vantage point of political humanism defined in terms of care for the people and the exercise of political power and authority in a manner beneficial to society.
	www.worldandi.com /subscribers/feature_detail.asp?num=24465 (3659 words)

	African Renaissance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Others argue that the analogy between the Renaissance and the "African Renaissance" is tenuous for a number of reasons, among them that the Renaissance existed in the context of the fall of a great empire, and the subsequent descent into the Dark Ages.
		They further state that "African Renaissance" is a misnomer and should be seen as no more than rhetoric, and that the continued upheaval and disunity in Africa do not bode well for the aspirations of the "African Renaissance".
		The "African Renaissance" at The Crossroads of Postcoloniality and Postmodernity
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_Renaissance (557 words)

	African Renaissance
		London based, African Renaissance is a highly welcomed and necessary journal on African affairs (history, culture, politics, and economics).
		According to Adibe, African Renaissance was inspired by Thabo Mbeki's speech "I Am an African" (1996), in which Mbeki raised questions on African identity, history, culture, and politics and spoke of a vision of an African Renaissance.
		The first issue of African Renaissance (June/July) has already made its debut and it is indeed highly informative and exceedingly useful for high school and university libraries.
	www.nathanielturner.com /africanrenaissance.htm (2296 words)

	Quest for the African Renaissance
		As the invited African leaders watched the rituals and speeches of the ceremony, they too would have wondered how their respective countries are faring in the delivery of the promise of independence four decades ago.
		The call for Africa's renewal, for an African renaissance is a call to rebellion," against tyrants and dictators, against criminals and murderers, against poverty, ignorance and the backwardness of the children of Africa.
		The "African Europeans" there who control 80 per cent of the economy may not be enamoured of a programme that seeks to redistribute wealth to empower the African majority.
	www.africaresource.com /content/view/40/68 (1516 words)

	The African Renaissance Conference from Vision to Reality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		African customs and cultures were attacked and this led to the destruction of the very core of the moral fibre and values of the people of our continent.
		African renaissance as a concept and as a vision must embrace the whole of Africa in partnership; for, that is the only way all of us on this continent can own it up as our own.
		African culture is central to this process of reducing dependency in the dialectic of modernization.
	www.africacentre.org.uk /renaissance.htm (18060 words)

	Road to Pan Africanism
		That is why, in the midst of confusion caused by the so-called 'African renaissance', Colonel Muammar Gaddafi echoed the pan-African call for a United States of Africa when he opened the fifth summit of the Organisation of African Unity in Libya in September.
		The inheritors of this inhuman 'renaissance' are still working hard to perpetuate the holocaust of the African people and the underdevelopment of Africa, which they inflicted through slavery, colonialism, apartheid and racism.
		This is because African leaders are dragging their feet on the implementation of Pan-Africanism and have made Africa a perpetual beggar of foreign 'aid'.
	www.panafricanperspective.com /pheko.htm (1278 words)

	Establishment of the African Renaissance and International Co-Operation Fund
		The African Renaissance and International Co-operation Fund Act (Act No 51 of 2000) [.pdf document] was promulgated on 22 January 2001.
		The African Renaissance and International Co-operation Fund will be multilaterally oriented, and will provide for proactive involvement in projects and programmes involving organisations and parties other than the governments of countries (although not excluding the governments of countries).
		The African Renaissance vision is an all-embracing concept that draws its inspiration from the rich and diverse history and cultures of Africa.
	www.dfa.gov.za /foreign/Multilateral/profiles/arfund.htm (1043 words)

	[No title]
		For Locke, the New Negro Renaissance was grounded in the trans-racial experience of Americanism, a view reiterated by Robert Hayden in his Preface to the anthology's reissue in 1968.
		Langston Hughes, born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902, was known as the poet laureate of Harlem.
		In this study for the first panel, a man and woman in Africa dance to the beat of drums as concentric circles of light emphasize the heat and rhythm of their movements.
	www.lycos.com /info/harlem-renaissance--african-americans.html (499 words)

	African Renaissance: African Art and African Crafts By Real African Artists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Africans display a determination to survive and overcome war, inequality, sickness, poverty and hunger.
		African Renaissance's online store has a pointed emphasis on quality and versatility and strikes an admirable balance between the two.
		This same spirit is reflected in the artwork, jewelry and crafts of all kinds created by the local African artists and crafts people who create works of beauty that will bring the African spirit into the hearts and minds of those who appreciate it.
	www.africanren.com /01_gallery/aboutus.asp (687 words)

	African Financial Markets: Provider of African Business and Economy information and research
		Africa is one region of the world that is usually overlooked by most international investors, yet African equity markets have been enjoying a quiet revival, while most of the world's stock markets have continued to stall or decline.
		However the South African market is already integrated with the developed economies and significantly correlated with virtually all other global markets, hence exposure to South Africa is not synonymous with exposure to the rest of Africa.
		We are going to launch a fund (African Renaissance Fund) in the near future to invest in the equity securities of public companies listed on African stock exchanges (excluding South Africa).
	www.africanfinancialmarkets.com /renaissance.php (1168 words)

	CPL - Chicago Renaissance - Introduction
		In the early 1930's, as the famed Harlem Renaissance of fl cultural achievement was winding down, a new surge of African American creativity, activism and scholarship began to flower in the South Side Chicago district then becoming known as "Bronzeville".
		This new "Chicago Renaissance" was fueled by two unprecedented social and economic conditions: the "great migration" of Southern fls to Chicago in search of economic opportunity and perceived safety from lynch mob rule, and the crisis of the Great Depression which followed.
		In addition to the national impact of its creative achievements, one of the most distinguishing features of the Chicago Renaissance was the extraordinary integration of developments in the humanities and social sciences with each other, and with the heightened political awareness of the period.
	www.chipublib.org /digital/chiren/introduction.html (551 words)

	Mbeki Speech - THE AFRICAN RENAISSANCE, SOUTH AFRICA AND THE WORLD
		One of our answers to this question is that, as Africans, we recall the fact that as the European Renaissance burst into history in the 15th and 16th centuries, there was a royal court in the African city of Timbuktu which, in the same centuries, was as learned as its European counterparts.
		Such are the political imperatives of the African Renaissance which are inspired both by our painful history of recent decades and the recognition of the fact that none of our countries is an island which can isolate itself from the rest, and that none of us can truly succeed if the rest fail.
		We recognize that mining remains the main sector in the South African economy, and therefore mineral processing and mineral beneficiation is an area where we are seeking greater involvement, and in fact, we are happy that there is a lot of interest from Japanese corporations in that area.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/mbeki.html (6863 words)

	Africa: African Renaissance
		Accordingly, we believe that political organisations and governments in all African countries should be mobilised to act in furtherance of the objectives of the African Renaissance.
		Stretching through the mists, for a millennium, our common African history is replete with great feats of courage, demonstrated by the heroes and heroines and the heroic peoples, without whose loyal attachment to hope and the vision of a bright future for Africa, her people would long have perished.
		We wish the African Renaissance Institute success in the historic mission we are all called upon to carry out, to end a long and dark night without whose ending no human being anywhere in the world can claim to be fulfilled as a human being.
	www.africaaction.org /docs99/ar9910.htm (2590 words)

	Frigatezine- View: The African Renaissance
		The forbidden codes of the African universities — the initiation schools — were imported into the New World and were expressed and communicated not only in gesture, speech, and foods but even more significantly in dance and music.
		The entire world is now informed by expressions of the African code such as ragtime, jazz, bebop, rhythm and blues, boogie woogie, soul, hip hop, tango, mambo, reggae and rap.
		The African time sense tempers and modulates the rule of the key invention of the modern industrial age — the clock.
	www.frigatezine.com /essay/view/evi01nan.html (747 words)

	Geographical Information Systems (GIS): Papers - African renaissance: Towards the development of a spatial information ...
		The spatial information framework consists of several influencing spheres including an understanding of societal issues, policy as a foundation, theoretical constructs on economic and sustainable development, the consideration of international best practice in developing spatial information systems and defining what are the building blocks of such systems.
		Manning (1992) goes further and says that without a theoretical framework within which an information system is developed, the necessary connectivity between the data sets and components of the information system cannot be achieved resulting in the system not optimally being used.
		For the African Renaissance to be achieved and for Africa to take ownership of its future there is a need for it to develop its own spatial information framework and systems.
	www.hsrc.ac.za /gis/papers/AfricanRenaissance/conclusion.html (630 words)

	AfricAvenir - E-Library - African Renaissance
		Wangui wa Goro writes that to talk of the African Renaissance when Africans go without food and die unnecessarily of curable diseases, compels us to ask ourselves who is this renaissance intended for.
		The ‘African renaissance’ is one of the latest buzzwords to come out of South Africa, and it now plays an important part in ANC policy.
		The phrase suggests that Africans are continuing to rise out of slavery, colonialism, segregation and neo-colonialism and into liberation.
	www.africavenir.org /elibrary/african-renaissance/index.php (788 words)

	00.04.01: African-American Art and the Political Dissent during the Harlem Renaissance
		Many of the African American artists of this time were trained by various European artists and eventually traveled to Europe and received recognition after their studies, but racism in the society kept them out of the mainstream of the art world.
		African Americans moved to the North in order to take advantage of the employment opportunities created by World War I. During this time as more educated and individuals arrived in New York’s Harlem, it developed into the political and social Mecca of the world.
		The Harlem Renaissance was lauded as the period in the history of Black American culture that promoted the art of African American arts and ancestry.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/2000/4/00.04.01.x.html (5812 words)

	THE ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION IN THE AFRICAN RENAISSANCE
		In the transportation context, renaissance can mean a rebirth, a reawakening, reconstruction or renewal of transportation infrastructure and a new awareness of the way in which transport operations can be managed so as to achieve economic growth and prosperity.
		In the context of this definition, the renaissance in the South African transport sector has been in the making for a number of years.
		The MSA strategy was based on a clear understanding of the role of transport in the South African economy and the national objectives of the country.
	general.rau.ac.za /aambeeld/november1998/transportation.html (3358 words)

	The African Renaissance Statement of Deputy President, Thabo Mbeki, SABC Gallagher Estate
		Both of these, the harbingers of death and the victims of their wrath are as African as you and I. For that reason, for the reason that we are the disembowelled African mothers and the decapitated African children of Rwanda, we have to say enough and no more.
		The African Renaissance demands that we purge ourselves of the parasites and maintain a permanent vigilance against the danger of the entrenchment in African society of this rapacious stratum with its social morality according to which everything in society must be organised materially to benefit the few.
		It is to these that we say, without equivocation, that to be a true African is to be a rebel in the cause of the African Renaissance, whose success in the new century and millenium is one of the great historic challenges of our time.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/mbeki/1998/tm0813.htm (1144 words)

	African Science Renaissance
		The modern concept of the African Renaissance has two key components.
		First the identification of a unique African history as shown by the rediscovery of past achievements.
		This is because long term economic progress cannot be made at the expense of the environment and secondly since rural people are closely linked to it, the natural environment has to be included in a renaissance for all.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /renaissance.htm (259 words)

	MWC - What African Renaissance?
		After all, renaissance implies renewal, rebirth and things positive and upbeat, while from the outside, the diet of news of Africa is little different today from the past several decades.
		Like the European Renaissance before it, the African Renaissance is not a simple return to the past, nor is it an opportunistic melange of traditional and modern.
		Yet what I find most refreshing about the proponents of the African Renaissance is not their optimism, but rather their determined realism, and their willingness to move beyond a legacy of slavery and colonialism more profoundly devastating than we can begin to imagine.
	www.mwc-cmm.org /News/MWC/000502rls1.html (1067 words)

	NZAASA.ORG
		About Us aasa – African Renaissance Group was created by a group of Africans of different professional horizons living in Harlem New York to address their concern about HIV/Aids and take active part in the prevention and provision of services regarding HIV/Aids.
		It is our vision and hope that our arduous labor in preventing the spread of HIV in the African community and the provision of supportive services to affected member of our community shall lead to the full enjoyment of life free of prejudice and the unnecessary pain with an HIV diagnosis.
		We don't want anymore African orphans because AIDS took their parents, we want Africans to know that HIV/AIDS is not a death sentence, that early diagnosis and appropriate care allows to live with HIV and live long.
	www.nzaasa.org (364 words)

	Amazon.com: African Renaissance: Books: Peter Magubane,Sandra Klopper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		African Renaissance is both a visual and textual examination of traditional rural South African societies.
		It incorporates not only the 'known' South African indigenous peoples- such as the Zulu and the Xhosa- about whom much has been published in the past, but also those smaller groups that are often unknown beyon the country's borders- the Pedi, the Bantwane and the Sotho amongst them.
		These books are almost unconscionably similar, with many photos in the second book either outright recycled from the first book or pictures taken in the same photo-shoots as the ones in the first book--sometimes of the very same people, in photos apparently shot moments apart.
	www.amazon.com /African-Renaissance-Peter-Magubane/dp/1868724131 (1203 words)

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