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Topic: African archaeology

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	African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter, African American Archaeology Newsletter
		The African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter is published quarterly, with issues in March, June, September, and December, and addresses the subject areas of African diasporas worldwide and related archaeological and historical studies.
		The current publication is a successor to the "African-American Archaeology Newsletter" that was produced in hard copy editions up through 2000.
		The African-American Archaeology Newsletter was edited and published by Theresa Singleton through 1993, by Thomas Wheaton through 1996, and by John McCarthy through 2000.
	www.diaspora.uiuc.edu /newsletter.html (671 words)

	Nevada State Historic Preservation Office - Virginia City's African American Community
		African Americans came to Virginia City together with thousands of others from throughout the world, seeking an opportunity to capitalize on the immense wealth produced by local mines.
		Archaeology is in an excellent position to fill a gap left by the largely Euroamerican written record.
		The Center believes archaeology is most effective from an engaging educational standpoint when the public is involved during all phases of work, from the initial discovery of buried materials, to the essential laboratory process, to the final exhibition and interpretation of those materials.
	dmla.clan.lib.nv.us /docs/shpo/projects.htm (3131 words)

	Women Researching African Archaeology
		I noted that despite their many significant contributions to African archaeological method and theory, especially those exposing the importance of indigenous populations to their own cultural development, the work of these women tends to be either appropriated or ignored by their contemporaries and by present day "male" archaeologists.
		The first fl African to publish an article on African archaeology in one of the four major journals of African archaeology was Ekpo Eyo in the West African Journal of Archaeology in 1974.
		Margaret Murray was the first woman to teach archaeology at a university and to incorporate women into reconstructions of African prehistory.
	www.stpt.usf.edu /weedman/Kwomen.html (659 words)

	Clues to African archaeology found in lead isotopes
		At The University of Arizona in Tucson, a young archaeologist is analyzing lead traces in artifacts to shed light on the relatively little-understood archaeology of Africa, especially the period marked by the spread of the new religion of Islam.
		Thomas R. Fenn, a doctoral student in the UA anthropology department, is unraveling evidence of centuries-old trade patterns across the Sahara Desert by identifying smelted metal artifacts, mainly copper, found in the continent's sub-Saharan regions.
		David J. Killick, a UA associate professor of anthropology and expert on the archaeology of metallurgy in Africa, said tracing metals is a crucial part of understanding the development of trade in Africa.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-03/uoa-cta032206.php (780 words)

	Andrew REID: Institute of Archaeology UCL
		Later archaeology of eastern and southern Africa; Complex societies; Livestock management and butchery practices; the Archaeology of African and European contact.
		Reid D.A.M. Bananas and the Archaeology of Buganda.
		Archaeology of Bananas in Buganda project with the Uganda Museum and British Institute in Eastern Africa; The Dikalate project in eastern Botswana with the Kalahari Conservation Society; The Archaeology of Sowa Pan with the University of Botswana
	www.ucl.ac.uk /archaeology/staff/profiles/reid.htm (455 words)

	African Archaeology
		Articles in Aspects of African Archaeology are generally of high quality and well-referenced, reflecting sound editorial work by session heads as well as the editors-in-chief.
		It is useful to archaeologists of any phase of the African archaeological record, paleoanthropologists, and African historians, as well as those interested in global issues in cultural resource management.
		In sum, Aspects of African Archaeology testifies to the current diversity and vigor of Africanist archaeology.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v2/v2i2a5.htm (1094 words)

	African and Comparative Archaeology: Research
		The characterisation therefore of the period in Zimbabwean history from the 16th to the 19th century as `Refuge' represents a misunderstanding of the complex set of events involved, and a detailed archaeological examination of other regions not covered by this work is strongly encouraged to obtain a clear picture of the recent periods.
		This study examines the archaeology of the hunter-gatherers of the Matopos in western Zimbabwe from c.
		Before independence in 1975 Mozambican archaeology was underdeveloped in relation to Zimbabwe and the present dissertation is part of a joint effort to correct this imbalance.
	www.arkeologi.uu.se /afr/research/Public.htm (3527 words)

	Africana Resources for Undergraduates / Schmidt
		In the 1960s and 1970s, case studies of African societies were written especially for undergraduates to supplement earlier essays that had long been used in the absence of textbooks.
		Methods for studying African art are discussed, art from prehistoric rock painting to contemporary art influenced by European art is surveyed, and fl and white and a few color photographs illustrate the works discussed.
		The publication of African literature in all genres continues to grow at a rapid pace, and the criticism of African literature is becoming both more specialized and theoretically diverse.
	www.indiana.edu /~libsalc/african/schmidt.html (8897 words)

	African archaeology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By the beginning of the Middle Palaeolithic, around 120,000 BC, African societies were hunter-gatherers proficient in exploiting the herds of large mammals that populated the continent for meat, including elephants and the fearsome African Buffalo.
		As the Sahara increased in size due to global climate change, its early farmers were forced south and eastwards, to the Niger and Nile valleys spreading their new ideas as they moved.
		Wheat and barley, sheep and goats were quickly adopted from Asia by African farmers but the early use of metalworking was not widely introduced in Africa until the Egyptians joined the Bronze Age around 4,000 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_archaeology (852 words)

	Antiquity, Reviews: African archaeology in broader context
		It sets out to offer accounts of the archaeology and environmental history of three deserts which lie on the Tropic of Capricorn (the line of latitude 23° S of the title): the Namib / Kalahari of south-western Africa, the Atacama of western South America, and the deserts of Australia.
		The opening passage of African Connections and its cover design are unfortunate and do not do justice to his overall treatment of the theme: Africa's placement on Peter's projection of the world map is surely due to conventions which are irrelevant here.
		Generalisations are often based on examples from the West African sahel or from southern Africa which are the two areas where the author has exceptional first-hand experience.
	antiquity.ac.uk /Reviews/phillipson.html (1292 words)

	African Archaeology: Prehistoric Burial Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The position of the Nazlet Khater specimen among prehistoric and modern African and Levantine populations.
		Whatever may be said of the northerners, it is safe to describe the dwellers in Upper Egypt as of essentially African stock, a character always retained despite alien influences brought to bear on them from time to time." (pg.
		Reconstructions of the Equatorial forest in Central Africa fuel the debate on whether hunter-gatherers at the end of the Pleistocene were capable of living in or off the forest prior to the advent of agriculture.
	www.homestead.com /wysinger/proof.html (1753 words)

	Conversations: Archaeology and the Black Experience
		ARCHAEOLOGY asked her about the state of African-American archaeology and the participation of fls in the discipline.
		For example, in recent years African Americans have made great inroads in political science and sociology, yet they still barely register in archaeology.
		The data I have been able to isolate so far suggest that archaeology is actually similar to history in terms of the percentage of African-American Ph.D. recipients, but in both cases the numbers are so small that the statistics are fairly volatile from year to year.
	www.archaeology.org /0301/etc/conversations.html (754 words)

	Women Researching African Archaeology
		I noted that despite their many significant contributions to African archaeological method and theory, especially those exposing the importance of indigenous populations to their own cultural development, the work of these women tends to be either appropriated or ignored by their contemporaries and by present day "male" archaeologists.
		The first fl African to publish an article on African archaeology in one of the four major journals of African archaeology was Ekpo Eyo in the West African Journal of Archaeology in 1974.
		Margaret Murray was the first woman to teach archaeology at a university and to incorporate women into reconstructions of African prehistory.
	www1.stpt.usf.edu /weedman/Kwomen.html (659 words)

	Anthropology 179 - African Archaeology - UCSC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In Aspects of African Archaeology: Papers from the 10th Congress of the PanAfrican Association for Prehistory and Related Studies, edited by G. Pwiti and R. Soper, pp.
		The centrality of the domestic fowl in West African ritual and magic.
		University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia.
	ic.ucsc.edu /~dianegg/anth179/eres.htm (616 words)

	africanart.html
		African and Middle Eastern Reading Room, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. See also: African Peoples' Encounters with Others.
		Arranged by region: Western Sudan, Wet African Coastal, Central Africa, and Eastern and Southern Africa.
		African Art on the Internet: Africa South of the Sahara, Stanford University.
	www.bu.edu /library/guides/africanart.html (1663 words)

	Celebrating African-American Archeology and History and Culture, Sources and Links
		Approximately 180,000 African Americans comprising 163 units served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and many more African Americans served in the Union Navy.
		One of the most important African American archeological sites in North America, this National Historic Landmark in New York City documents and commemorates the major contributions made by enslaved African men, women, and children to the economy, development, and culture of America.
		The Rites of Ancestral Return commemorative ceremony documented and celebrated the contribution of African Americans as the ancestral remains from the African Burial Ground were reinterred at the site on October 4, 2003.
	www.cr.nps.gov /seac/af-am/sources.htm (1709 words)

	Nabta Playa: African Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The African monsoons shifted south to approximately the same area that they were prior to 12,000 years ago.
		Nabta helps to provide us with a better understanding of what life was like during this time in history.
		An assembly of huge stone slabs found in Egypt’s Sahara Desert that date from about 6,500 years to 6,000 years ago has been confirmed by scientists to be the oldest known astronomical alignment of megaliths in the world.
	www.homestead.com /wysinger/nabtaplaya.html (2044 words)

	Archaeology Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The first goal is to understand the political economy of race and class in the colonial northeast through the analysis of our related materials, to more accurately and holistically, reconstruct and interpret and to provide a contextual understanding of the everyday lives and death of colonial Africans in the northeast.
		This will be accomplished by focusing on the material cultural remains that are cemeteries, homelots, commercial sites, villagescapes, and regional landscapes and their spatial distribution along with the search for evidence of minkisi (small bundles of ritually-significant objects)in historic houses.
		The archaeology team seeks to assure public access to the various sites where we are conducting research, to the artifactual remains and to encourage and allow appropriate cultural ceremonies to commemorate the ancestors.
	www.ccsu.edu /cas/archaeology.html (507 words)

	ScienceDaily: Clues To African Archaeology Found In Lead Isotopes
		At The University of Arizona in Tucson, a young archaeologist is analyzing lead traces in artifacts to shed light on the relatively little-understood archaeology of Africa, especially the period marked by the spread of the new religion of Islam.
		Thomas R. Fenn, a doctoral student in the UA anthropology department, is unraveling evidence of centuries-old trade patterns across the Sahara Desert by identifying smelted metal artifacts, mainly copper, found in the continent's sub-Saharan regions.
		David J. Killick, a UA associate professor of anthropology and expert on the archaeology of metallurgy in Africa, said tracing metals is a crucial part of understanding the development of trade in Africa.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/04/060404204102.htm (1283 words)

	Robertshaw, Peter. "Sibling Rivalry? The Intersection of Archaeology and History"
		Vansina (p.396) identifies the strengths of archaeology as the recovery of material evidence, and the reconstruction of "situations" and the lives of ordinary folk.
		Archaeology's weaknesses are deemed to be (1) "a nearly total adherence to neo-evolutionary theory;" (2) "the refusal to recognize fully the role of contingency by sticking to the use of theoretical models;" (3) "the extravagant use of extrapolation;" and (4) "the lack of contemporary testimony to limit the free range of the imagination" (p.396).
		In the 1960's, archaeology's contribution to African history was thought to be primarily the provision of dating evidence and the elucidation of past migration routes.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~africa/africaforum/Robertshaw.html (6387 words)

	Jenne-jeno, An Ancient African City
		The archaeology of Jenne- jeno and the surrounding area clearly showed an early, indigenous growth of trade and social complexity.
		s we currently understand the archaeology of the entire Jenne region, where over 60 archaeological sites rise from the floodplain within a 4 kilometer radius of the modern town, many of these sites were occupied at the time of Jenne-jeno's floruit between 800-1000 C.E..
		Decline: C.E. In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the first unambiguous evidence of North African or Islamic influences appears at Jenne-jeno in the form of brass, spindle whorls, and rectilinear houses.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~anth/arch/brochure (1758 words)

	African Scientific Research Institute : People
		His contributions will include: “Bio-historical” archaeology, forensic anthropology and history representing a range of cultural heritages including early Africans, African-American descendants and admixture Native American with specialty in facial forensic anthropology approximations to promote recognition of ancient persons ethnic identity i.e.
		Kusimba is an Associate Curator of African Archaeology and Ethnology.
		He is currently examined both foreign and African contributions to Swahili civilization in the excavation of both urban and villagesites on the Kenya Coast using DNA mapping.
	www.uic.edu /orgs/asri/people.htm (1519 words)

	ARCHAEOLOGY OF AFRICA
		African Archaeology, 2002, David W. Phillipson, 2nd Edition, Cambridge Press.
		African Archaeology is a general introductory survey course to diverse world of African prehistory.
		The goal of the course is to demonstrate the complex and long trajectory of African prehistory and show that the African past contained a diverse set of people and cultures.
	www.stpt.usf.edu /arthurj/archaeology_of_africa.htm (811 words)

	Maxwell School: Department of Anthropology
		I am interested in how archaeology can help us understand the transformations that occurred in Africa during the period of the Atlantic trade.
		Review of "Cattle for Beads: The Archaeology of Historical Contact and Trade on the Namib Coast", by Jill Kinahan, Studies in African Archaeology 17, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Uppsala, Sweden, and Namibia Archaeological Trust, Windhoek.
		C.R. DeCorse "West African archaeology and the Atlantic Slave Trade." Journal of Slavery and Abolition.
	www.maxwell.syr.edu /anthro/people/faculty/decorse.asp (917 words)

	African Diaspora Archaeology Network, African American Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The ADAN provides a focal point for archaeological and interdisciplinary studies of African diasporas, with news, current research, information and links to other web resources related to the archaeology and history of descendants of African peoples.
		Through this engagement with African diasporas, the ADAN seeks to connect an intellectual community that considers the historical processes of culture, economics, gender, power, and racialization operating within and upon African descendant communities.
		researchers who participate in this network, this internet resource and quarterly Newsletter are edited by Chris Fennell and hosted by the African American Studies and Research Program and the Department of Anthropology at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign.
	www.diaspora.uiuc.edu (167 words)

	Anthro.Net: Africa
		The African Development Institute Inc., is an independent, non partisan policy research institute aimed at initiating practical solutions to Africa's developmental crisis.
		Through education, research, and policy analysis the organization hopes to be a catalyst for developing the human and material potential of Africans.
		A brief listing of African dig locations and their significance, that includes maps and pictures.
	home1.gte.net /ericjw1/africa.html (1099 words)

	Alexandria Archaeology Museum - To Witness the Past: African American Archaeology in Alexandria, Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The City of Alexandria’s archaeologists have studied the town’s African American archaeology since 1978.
		Although standard histories and many documents are often silent about African American lives and accomplishments, the artifacts are tangible witnesses to the past.
		This exhibit was funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, in Conjunction with the PACT series, "Two Centuries of African-American Heritage in Alexandria," and by the City of Alexandria, Virginia.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /archaeology/ar-exhibits-witness.html (198 words)

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