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	African Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Companion to African Philosophy edited by Kwasi Wiredu (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy: Blackwell Publishers) This volume, comprised of 42 newly commissioned and 5 adapted essays, provides comprehensive coverage of African philosophy, ranging across disciplines and throughout the ages.
		A special feature of the volume is its historical dimension, including a substantial treatment of ancient African philosophy as encountered in ancient Egypt, an extended study of medieval North African thinkers, an enlightening discussion of pre-colonial African philosophy, and a history of African political thought in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
		This volume is intended to be a comprehensive anthology of essays on the history of African philosophy, ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary, and on all the main branches of the discipline, including logic, epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, and politics.
	www.wordtrade.com /philosophy/africanphilosophy.htm (1252 words)

	Janus Head GWU - 2001 / Debt and Duty: Kant, Derrida, and African Philosophy
		Philosophy (taken broadly as the liberal disciplines) is regarded as the "lower" faculty which nevertheless has access to the truth of propositions precisely because it acts from freedom, rather than from the imperatives of revelation, the state, or the courts.
		African philosophy cannot be delivered from the paradox through the ersatz inclusion that is afforded Chinese or Indian philosophy, as its textual history is much less clear, and its potential for conversation with Western philosophy much less obvious.
		African philosophy is in a unique position, able to draw on the resources of the rest of the world while at the same time able to question its place in a unique way, a way that at least the West has forgotten.
	www.janushead.org /gwu-2001/janz.cfm (3991 words)

	Decolonizing African Philosophy and Religion
		For Africans to apply their minds to these projects, taking advantage of whatever insights may currently be available internationally in these areas of investigation, is for them to try to domesticate the disciplines concerned, in this case logic and the philosophy of logic.
		To present African philosophy as an untouchable possession of Africans is to invite a touristic approach from its foreign audiences.
		Africans nowadays frequently are said to be a profoundly religious people, not only by themselves but also by foreign students of their culture.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v1/4/3.htm (15927 words)

	Specializations
		Both African philosophy and Asian philosophy are identified and discussed at CCSU in light of the most prominent primary and secondary sources.
		Philosophy of science critically examines the logic and the structure of scientific theories, their origin and development as cognitive structures, and addresses issues such as the nature and status of truth, objectivity, and progress in the natural sciences.
		African philosophy focuses on ancestor veneration and on the social utility of oracles.
	www.philosophy.ccsu.edu /Specializations.html (1112 words)

	African Philosophy. A survey of contemporary studies
		Perhaps it is along this line of trying to articulate the essential nature of 'African philosophy', Safro Kwame argues, that the metaphilosophical approach of the Western analytic tradition is not African, and as such, it is not and should not be a legitimate approach in African philosophy.
		Compared to Western philosophy, African philosophy does not have the requisite features of a writing tradition and a rigorous and critical analytical approach to debates over universal conceptual issues, engaged in by individuals.
		This stance, it is argued here, involves a parochial conception of 'philosophy' that is applied to African philosophy and captures only the contemporary analytic tradition of western philosophy -- while the ancient and medieval periods indicate that other speculative, constructive, and normative approaches to philosophy exist that are not captured by this conception.
	www.formalontology.it /african-philosophy.htm (1025 words)

	Understanding African Philosophy
		According to Bell, African philosophy, which has a history, remains a subject of major modern concern for philosophers all over the world because it is an enterprise with untapped potentials and a plural content requiring attention, study and analysis, which cannot be left for African philosophers alone.
		Bell’s presentation of post-colonial African thought shows a turning point in African political philosophy where the past is jettisoned and a new future sought to be carved out by a crop of philosophers.
		African oral narratives should not surprise any non-African because they stand for the engaging thoughts of the people while symbolizing the instrument of consultation, participation and reciprocation in traditional relationships.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v7/v7i2a27.htm (1155 words)

	African Philosophy Resources
		African philosophy is a field in development, and there is not always agreement on what should be included.
		As well, you may notice that I include philosophy which focusses on Africa, philosophy done in Africa, and philosophy that is part of the traditional conversation among African philosophers.
		The important thing is to further conversation among and between African philosophers, and the academic world in general.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~janzb/afphil (229 words)

	Review of "African Philosophy", ed. Serequeberhan
		The term `African philosophy' might refer to philosophical work carried out by Africans, with the implication that there is an African philosophical tradition characterised by preoccupations with certain methods or subject matter (this is what one expects from volumes dedicated, for instance, to American philosophy).
		Professional philosophy This is, more or less, the view that philosophy is a particular way of thinking, reflecting, reasoning, that such a way is relatively new to (most of) Africa, and that African philosophy must grow in terms of the philosophical work carried out by Africans and applied to (perhaps not exclusively) African concerns.
		African philosophy is the exercise by Africans of a specific type of intellectual activity (the critical examination of fundamental problems) applied to the African reality.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~shil0124/mystuff/africa.html (1337 words)

	Kwasi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This consequence may conceivably be due to an insufficiency in the African language rather than to an intrinsic defect in the mode of conceptualization of the foreign language or culture concerned.
		It is, at all events, impossible to overemphasize the necessity for the rational evaluation of religious belief in contemporary African philosophy, for the unexamined espousal of foreign religions, often in unleavened admixture with indigenous ones, is the cause of some of the severest distortions of the African consciousness.
		Africans from other linguistic areas are invited to compare and, if appropriate, contrast, using their own languages.
	www.multiworld.org /m_versity/articles/kwasi.htm (4101 words)

	African
		In answer to the question "What is African Philosophy?" it has become standard in the many anthologies and texts that have recently been published on the subject to delineate three senses of African philosophy: ethnological, universalist, and hermeneutical.
		Similarly, in response to the view that African philosophy should express the particular outlook of the African race, Appiah claims that the very notion of race was invented to benefit Europeans, not Africans.
		Similarly, Paulin Hountoundji argues that philosophy is a critical literature and African philosophy is a critical literature produced by Africans for Africans.
	www.smith.edu /philosophy/african.html (4102 words)

	African Philosophy
		All anthologies I have seen purporting to be traditional "African philosophy" consist largely of either wisdom writing or anthropology or folklore; i.e., calling these works "philosophy" in the academic sense is problematic, either because of the absence of dialectic and/or a continuing tradition.
		Philosophy departments in African universities are under institutional pressure, just as in America, to come up with courses in African philosophy.
		So to say that "African philosophy is the philosophy done by African philosophers whether it be in the area of logic, metaphysics, ethics, or history of philosophy" is at the very least a departure from common practice.
	www.meta-religion.com /Philosophy/Articles/african_philosophy.htm (2421 words)

	AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY
		Sagacity philosophers are convinced that the study of African Philosophy does not consist in the study of general works but in identifying wise women and men in society whose repute is very high on the basis of their wisdom.
		Philosophy to them is a universal discipline that has the same meaning in all cultures in spite of the fact that a particular philosopher maybe conditioned by cultural biases, method and the existential situation in his/her society.
		According to this school represented by basically four African philosophers, Kwasi Wiredu, Paulin Hountondji, Oruka Odera and Peter Bodunrin, African philosophy is the philosophy done by African philosophers be it on the subject matter that is African or alien.
	faculty.msmc.edu /lindeman/af.html (1511 words)

	African philosophy : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		Later African philosophy looks more familiar to those who have studied the conventional history of Western philosophy: the literate traditions of Ethiopia, for example, which can be seen in the context of a long (if modest) tradition of philosophical writing in the horn of Africa.
		It is also worth observing that many of the traditions of Islamic philosophy were either the product of, or were subject to the influence of scholars born or working in the African continent in centres of learning such as Cairo and Timbuktu (see Islamic philosophy).
		Most work in African philosophy in the twentieth century has been carried out by African intellectuals (often interacting with scholars outside Africa) under the influence of philosophical traditions from the European countries that colonized Africa and created her modern system of education.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/Z018 (1328 words)

	African aesthetic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While the African continent is vast and its peoples diverse, certain standards of beauty in artistic expression and physical appearance, of propriety of comportment and demeanor are held in common among various indigenous African societies and are not exclusive to any one tribe or society
		In African Art in Motion, African art scholar and Yale professor Robert Farris Thompson turns his attention to cool in both the African and African-American contexts:
		The mind of an elder within the body of the young is suggested by the striking African custom of dancing "hot" with a "cool" unsmiling face.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cool_(African_philosophy) (488 words)

	PES Yearbook: 1998: Ananyo Basu, African Philosophy and Multicultural Thought
		Her response to the argument against African philosophy based on a lack of writing goes beyond most thinkers in pointing out that the nuanced richness of a dialogic mode of inquiry can be lost in an ossified oral tradition just as well as in a written one.
		Secondly, Lucius Outlaw and others have argued that philosophy is necessarily rooted in a social milieu, and indeed a genuine engagement with African philosophy could potentially provide a powerful corrective to a certain parochialism, masquerading as universalism, that characterizes canonical Western thought.
		On their view this does a disservice, both to the existing achievements of philosophy and to the present and future Africans doing rigorous and rational work all around the world who are constructing a true African philosophy.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /EPS/PES-Yearbook/1998/basu.html (1562 words)

	An African Philosophy of History in the Oral Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Mudimbe believes there is an "implicit philosophy" in what he terms, "the primordial African discourse in its variety and multiplicity," that is, the oral tradition.
		African communities place great store by the reliability of their accounts of the past and the present.
		African communities were also all too aware of the existence of error and of deliberate falsehood.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /articles/an_african_philosophy_of_history.htm (1353 words)

	African Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The course is introductory in the sense that it does not presuppose prior work in philosophy or prior acquaintance with African philosophy.
		African Philosophy: An Anthology edited by Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze.
		Cultural Universals and Particulars: An African Perspective by Kwasi Wiredu.
	www.trincoll.edu /~mwade/african.htm (511 words)

	African Philosophy in 1997
		An important part of an introductory course in African philosophy should be assisting students make connections with the assumptions and values of their own cultural outlook.
		Such a course will help students be critically aware of their own cultural background by making clear that a course in African philosophy is first and foremost a course in philosophy, albeit dealing with problems arising out of the African context.
		It is important to discuss the question "What is philosophy?" because that discussion acquaints the students with the way in which Western philosophy differs from philosophy in its other geographical interpretations and applications.
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/archive/newsletters/v96n2/black/african.asp (1403 words)

	African Philosophy
		An immediate worry is that not all reflection and questioning is philosophical; besides, if African philosophy were to be defined purely in terms of philosophic sagacity, then the thoughts of the sages couldn.t be African philosophy, for they didn.t record them from other sages.
		Professional philosophy is the view that philosophy is a particular way of thinking, reflecting, and reasoning, that such a way is relatively new to (most of) Africa, and that African philosophy must grow in terms of the philosophical work carried out by Africans and applied to (perhaps not exclusively) African concerns.
		Their main rivals, the professional philosophers, adopt the view that philosophy is a particular way of thinking, reflecting, reasoning, that such a way is relatively new to (most of) Africa, and that African philosophy must grow in terms of the philosophical work carried out by Africans and applied to (perhaps not exclusively) African concerns.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~shil0124/african-philosophy.html (1241 words)

	Amazon.ca: African Philosophy as Cultural Inquiry: Books: Ivan Karp,D. A. Masolo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In ten probing essays by distinguished African, European, and American scholars, African Philosophy as Cultural Inquiry examines the role of African philosophy at the opening of the new millennium.
		Masolo is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Louisville.
		He is author of African Philosophy in Search of Identity (published by Indiana University Press).
	www.amazon.ca /African-Philosophy-as-Cultural-Inquiry/dp/0253214173 (236 words)

	Recommendations: African Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		I agree with Wiredu in his essay "How Not to Compare African Thought with Western Thought" when he says, "African traditional thought should in the first place only be compared with Western folk thought." (Wright, 157) The same recommendation will be made with respect to Native American "philosophy".
		5. Philosophy classes may choose to read the African philosophers of the 16th and 17th centuries as representatives of various views of modern philosophy.
		For example, a selection from The Treatise of Zera Yacob could be read along with Descartes’ Meditations to illustrate the mistrust of traditional authority and the reliance on reason characteristic of the 17th century.
	www.westvalley.edu /ph/africa_recs.html (295 words)

	African Philosophy
		Please note that this is as true in the West and elsewhere as it is in Africa." (Wiredu, in Wright, 157) Thus folk philosophy is not philosophy in the academic sense.
		I shall outline the documents and the difficulties.
		According to this school, African philosophy is the philosophy done by African philosophers whether it be in the area of logic, metaphysics, ethics, or history of philosophy.
	www.westvalley.edu /ph/africa.html (2395 words)

	Philosophy, general
		Appraisal: A Journal of Constructive and Post-Critical Philosophy and Interdisciplinary Studies
		Disputatio: A Journal of Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition
		Philosophy, Culture, and Traditions: A Journal of the World Union of Catholic Philosophical Societies
	homepages.ed.ac.uk /pmilne/journals_html/gen.html (318 words)

	Index African religion: Wim van Binsbergen's writings
		NEW: 'Islam as a constitutive factor in African ‘traditional’ religion: The evidence from geomantic divination' (PDF) --- NEW: 'Islam as a constitutive factor in African ‘traditional’ religion: The evidence from geomantic divination' (PDF) --- NEW: 'Islam as a constitutive factor in African ‘traditional’ religion: The evidence from geomantic divination' (PDF)
		Situating myth analysis between philosophy, poetics, and long-range historical reconstruction, with an application to the ancient and world-wide mythical complex of leopard-skin symbolism
		A shortened version appeared as: Van Binsbergen, W.M.J., 1993, ‘African Independent churches and the state in Botswana’, in M. Bax and A. de Koster, eds, Power and prayer: Essays on Religion and politics, Amsterdam: VU [ Free University ] University Press, pp.
	www.shikanda.net /african_religion/index.htm (3360 words)

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