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Topic: African slave trade

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	African slave trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Slaves purchased from fl slave dealers in West African regions known as the Slave Coast, Gold Coast, and Côte d'Ivoire were sold into slavery as a result of a defeat in tribal warfare.
		Therefore, the slave trade is unlikely to have caused a decrease in the population of West Africa, though it may have reduced or even halted population growth in some regions.
		The power of the Royal Navy was subsequently used to suppress the slave trade, and while some illegal trade, mostly with Brazil, continued, the Atlantic slave trade would be eradicated by the middle of the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_slave_trade (2117 words)

	Wonders of the African World - Episodes - Slave Kingdoms
		West Africa is also the place of origin of vodou, the only indigenous African religion to survive the trans-Atlantic slave trade and remain in practice in the Americas today.
		African rulers and merchants were thus able to tap into preexisting methods and networks of enslavement to supply European demand for slaves.
		And some African elites, such as those in the Dahomey and Ashanti empires, took advantage of this control and used it to their profit by enslaving and selling other Africans to European traders.
	www.pbs.org /wonders/Episodes/Epi3/slave_2.htm (922 words)

	African Slave Trade: 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		African Americans have contended for decades with a rage born of remembrance--a resentment fomented by poignant images of fl Africans captured, bound, and sent into the horrors of slavery.
		The children of slaves belong to the master and slaves who displease their masters or attempt escapes are tortured in the most brutal manner imaginable.
		He pointed to slave trafficking, and that the Sudanese criminal law provides routinely for flogging, amputation, death by stoning, and in special cases, for the execution and crucifixion of children as young as 7.
	members.aol.com /casmasalc/african_slave_trade.html (4449 words)

	Timeline: The Atlantic Slave Trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		At the Congress of Vienna, the British pressure Spain, Portugal, France and the Netherlands to agree to abolish the slave trade (though Spain and Portugal are permitted a few years of continued slaving to replenish labor supplies).
		But the ruling sets only some of the Africans free, holding that the U.S. could not prescribe law for other nations and noting that the slave trade was legal as far as Spain, Portugal, Venezuela were concerned.
		June 28: The Anglo-Spanish agreement on the slave trade is renewed, and enforcement is tightened.
	amistad.mysticseaport.org /timeline/atlantic.slave.trade.html (898 words)

	Slave Castles
		The trade between the natives and the Portuguese settlers originally took the form of what was called "The Silent Trade", by which items from one side were bartered or exchanged for equivalent items from the other side, by tacit agreement or consent, because of language problem.
		The slave trade was a later addition to the commercial trade in gold, ivory and other local commodities in exchange for European merchandise.
		Hence the Portuguese who started the slave trade were followed in quick succession by the Dutch, English, French, Swedish, Danish and the Brandenburgers, who came to the Gold Coast and built castles and forts and competed seriously in the trade.
	www.theviproom.com /visions/slave.htm (1129 words)

	Atlantic slave trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The slaves were one element of a three-part economic cycle—the Triangular Trade and its Middle Passage—which ultimately involved four continents, four centuries and the lives and fortunes of millions of people.
		African slaves were transported from these markets to the coast and sold at European trading ports in exchange for muskets and manufactured goods such as cloth or alcohol.
		In the 18th century, the slave trade was an integral part of the Atlantic economy: the economies of the European colonies in the Caribbean, the American colonies, and Brazil required vast amounts of man power to harvest the bountiful agricultural goods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade (3041 words)

	Chronology on the History of Slavery 1619 to 1789
		The intermarriage of Africans and Native Americans was facilitated by the disproportionality of African male slaves to females (3 to 1) and the decimation of Native American males by disease, enslavement, and prolonged wars with the colonists.
		Slaves were mostly for sugar plantations, diamond mines in Brazil, house servants, on tobacco farms in Virginia, in gold mines in Hispaniola and later the cotton industry in the Southern States of the USA.
		Moreover the repercussions of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the interior of the Bight of Biafra during the period of heaviest population displacement in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries remain poorly understood.
	www.innercity.org /holt/slavechron.html (17488 words)

	Africans in America \| Part 1 \| Narrative \| The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage
		This African chant mourns the loss of Olaudah Equiano, an 11-year-old boy and son of an African tribal leader who was kidnapped in 1755 from his home in what is now Nigeria.
		He was one of the 10 to 12 million Africans who were sold into slavery from the 15th through the 19th Centuries..
		African merchants, the poor, royalty -- anyone -- could be abducted in the raids and wars that were undertaken by Africans to secure slaves that they could trade.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part1/1narr4.html (765 words)

	The African Diaspora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		While this transatlantic slave trade caused the loss of many African political, social, and economic institutions that posed a threat to slavery, Africans were still able to maintain some parts of their culture, particularly religious traditions and beliefs.
		Slave masters attempted to break down Africans from being outlandish Negroes, who were recently captured and had pure hatred for their white captors, to being sensible Negroes, who were reordered and understood the name of the slave game.
		In African societies, religion is an integral part of the lives of the individuals, the community as a whole, and the family.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~awilson/submissions/history_16.html (3647 words)

	Brazil and the African Slave Trade
		The implication is that if the remainder of the population was comprised of African slaves and/or indigenous Brazilian natives then the number of Africans the Portuguese had been importing up until that time must have been extraordinarily large.
		The African slave trade, fueled by an incipient demand for sugar in Europe, had begun in earnest.
		African slavery simply began to lose its economic appeal, and political support for the trade in human beings began to erode rapidly.
	www.iei.net /~pwagner/brazarticles/April2002.html (3414 words)

	Slavery: Islamic and Christian Perspectives
		Now, in peacetime, with greater competition for slaves in West Africa, the way was opened for a massive expansion of the American slave trade from East Africa.
		In other words trade routes were forged by Africans from the interior going to the coast, not by the Arabs, or the Swahili, setting off from the coast into the unknown, hostile interior.
		Slaves dominated the West African trade from the first.
	www.al-islam.org /slavery/7.htm (1309 words)

	Africa and Slavery - African History on the Internet
		Includes the essay, "The African Squadron, The U.S. Navy and the Slave Trade, 1920-1862" by Calvin Lane, professor emeritus of English at the University of Hartford and the full text of "A History of the Amistad Captives" by John Warner Barber (New Haven, Connecticut: E.L. and J.W.Barber, 1840.) The Museum is located in Mystic, Connecticut.
		I find the number of slaves exported from a country to be an important determinant of economic performance in the second half of the 20th century." Nunn is a Ph.D. candidate, Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto.
		Contents include (from book sources) the Cape slave code of 1754, social conditions of slaves at the Cape, a timeline of slavery at the Cape, an extensive bibliography, scholars of slave history, etc. Hosted on the Dutch East India Company website of the University of Ghent (Belgium).Site by Mogamat G Kamedien.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/history/hislavery.html (7098 words)

	The modern West African slave trade
		Recently, we have seen the revival of the once thriving slave trade routes across West Africa, after a lapse of 25 years.
		Slavers have reappeared following the old slave trade routes, except that trucks, jeeps and modern four-wheel drive vehicles and, on occasions, aircraft, have replaced the camels.
		The Society, in discharging its historic role, is currently working for the suppression of the slave trade in West Africa and the rescue of slave children.
	www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com /slavetrade.htm (267 words)

	African Slave System
		By the 17th century the removal of slaves from Africa became a holy cause that had the full support of the Christian Church.
		By 1540, an estimated 10,000 slaves a year were being brought from Africa to replace the diminishing local populations.
		The slaves are commonly secured by putting the right leg of one, and the left of another into the same pair of fetters.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USASafrica.htm (1257 words)

	Amazon.com: The African Slave Trade (Watts Library): Books: Shirlee P. Newman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Slave Trade describes the history of slavery in Africa, the involvement first of European countries in the slave trade, and later, the Americas and South Africa.
		The living conditions and treatment of slaves are emphasized.
		African Slave Trade discusses the devastation of the European slave trade and also the centuries of slave trading by African conquerors and Arab merchants.
	www.amazon.com /African-Slave-Trade-Watts-Library/dp/0531116948 (1090 words)

	African Slave Trade - Print Sources
		Hall has created and edited a collection of well over 100,000 records from countless civil documents, manuscripts, and published censuses to provide a look into the lives of Africans and peoples of African descent in Louisiana, as well as of their owners and freers, from earliest colonial times through 1860.
		Topics include events prior to 1788, slave trade in the Caribbean, in West Africa, freed slaves sent to Sierra Leone, mortality on slave ships, etc.
		Title: [Papers presented to the Conference on "The Atlantic Slave Trade in African and African-American Memory" : held on May 23-25, 1997, University of Chicago].
	www-sul.stanford.edu /africa/history/slavetradeprint.html (887 words)

	Amazon.com: The African Slave Trade: Books: Basil Davidson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Truth about Jesus — An essay looking at Jesus and African American history, including the slave trade.
		Research African Slave Trade at Questia — Find quality info at the world's online library.
		The African Slave Trade by Basil Davidson $19.99
	www.amazon.com /African-Slave-Trade-Basil-Davidson/dp/0316174386 (914 words)

	African Slave Trade Patrol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Long illegal, the infamous slave trade was declared by Congress in 1819 to be piracy, and as such, punishable by death.
		The Navy's African Slave Trade Patrol was established to search for and bring to justice the dealers in human misery.
		Never exceeding a few ships in number, the Patrol, which from time to time included the USS Constitution,USS Constellation, USS Saratoga and USS Yorktown, relentlessly plied the waters off West Africa, South America, and the Cuban coast, a principle area for slave disembarkation.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/stream/faq45-6.htm (115 words)

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