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	Sierra Leone: President: President Kabbah Opens Sierra Leone's First Military Academy
		Horton, a nationalist and visionary, was born in the mountain village of Gloucester in 1835 and was responsible for persuading the Colonial Government to establish a system of educat
		Africanus Horton was subsequently one of the first Africans to qualify as a medical doctor.
		Horton rose to become a Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army but not content with with being only a doctor, army officer and scientist in the study of tropical diseases he went on to publish a number of books setting out the guidelines for independence of West African States.
	www.statehouse-sl.org /he-immat-november3.html (631 words)

	Sierra Leonean Heroes - "19th Century Freetown" - Sierra Leone Web
		Horton was educated at the CMS Grammar School and at the Fourah Bay Institution (later Fourah Bay College), and in 1853 received a War Office scholarship to study medicine in Great Britain.
		Africanus Horton joined the British Army Medical Service the year he completed his medical studies, and was appointed assistant staff surgeon.
		Africanus Horton's countrymen would have to wait for almost a century before his dreams of political independence would be realised.
	www.sierra-leone.org /heroes3.html (2879 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: James Horton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		James Africanus Horton of Sierra Leone had just published his book West African Countries and Peoples, in which he suggested self-government under British auspices with a Fante kingdom and a republic of Accra.
		James Africanus Horton was born near Freetown in Sierra Leone on June 1, 1835.
		Horton noted that among the Ibos women had a superior social status, though a large sum had to be paid to raise an Ibo to a higher social rank.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Horton_James_517291096.htm (761 words)

	PROPHETS WITHOUT HONOUR: AFRICAN APOSTLES OF MODERNITY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
		Horton was a principal spokesperson for the movement for self-government.
		Horton concluded: “And why should not the same race who governed Egypt, attacked the most famous and flourishing city—Rome, who had her churches, her Universities, and her repositories of learning and science, once more stand on their legs and endeavour to raise their characters in the scale of the civilised world?”
		In fact, Horton argued that the incorporation of modern governance could be used in part to obviate the illegitimacy of an otherwise unjustifiable colonialism.
	www.westafricareview.com /vol3.1/taiwo.html (9921 words)

	The Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society
		Africanus Horton’s position was to the right, but only slightly to the right of this.
		While accepting the use of traditional rulers in the new colonial administrative structures, in his estimation, as Davidson has aptly assessed, Horton’s view was that whatever Africa may in the past have achieved will not pass muster for purposes of development.
		Confusion, massacre, and bloodshed would be the inevitable result”.(6) Horton’s dilemma, of what and how much of African culture to keep, what to reject, what to import and adapt, and how much to adapt was a constant and vexing feature in the thinking of many of the early African nationalist and pan-African thinkers.
	www.casas.co.za /papers_AfricanUnity.htm (7252 words)

	Sierra Leone: President: State House: Speeches:AT THE OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE
		Lieutenant Colonel James 'Africanus' Horton was born a few miles from here, this mountain district, in the village of Gloucester in 1835.
		We must also learn from the example of Lieutenant Colonel 'Africanus' Horton that by serving our country well and promoting its good name we can be remembered with love and esteem even long after our death.
		In tribute to the memory of that I have the honour and privilege of declaring officially open and naming this institution of military higher education, the Africanus Horton Armed Forces Academy (AHAFA).
	www.statehouse-sl.org /speeches/he_at_immat_academy_november3.html (1527 words)

	REQUIRMENTS OF LAGOS: SOME REMARKS ON THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA
		At the present time, the Republic is again offered an opportunity to rebuild and emerge from under the rule of the gun either by its pretend governments or any number of thugs and bandits masquerading as liberators.
		For those familiar with Liberia’s recent history, it was a core element of the Samuel Doe’s putsch in 1980 and the recent demographic composition of the main rebel group—Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy—reminds us of how much this issue continues to steer Liberian politics and her fortunes as a state.
		One element of the excerpt that we have culled from Horton’s writings—this is from 1874—is his insistence that the Americo-Liberians would have to work out a modus vivendi with the native population of their then new country if its future prosperity was not to be imperiled.
	www.westafricareview.com /issue5/horton.htm (1188 words)

	Omniana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		JAMES HORTON was born in 1835 at Gloucester village, near Freetown, Sierra Leone, and belonged to the Ibo people of West Africa.
		He adopted the name Africanus, and took the name Beale after the headmaster of the Grammar School he attended in Freetown, from where he progressed to the Church Missionary Society's Fourah Bay College.
		He graduated on 1 August 1859 and his thesis, entitled 'The Medical Topography of the West Coast of Africa, with sketches of its botany', was published the same year.
	www.cpa.ed.ac.uk /edit1/15/omniana.html (283 words)

	Results in
		Some FBC graduates, such as Africanus Horton and Edward Blyden, appealed to the colonial government for an African university that would cater to the interests of lay students.
		The CMS authorities in Freetown and London were not sympathetic to this idea of a secular university, but ultimately agreed to admit fee-paying students provided that the institution retained its religious character.
		As a result, in 1876, FBC was affiliated with the University of Durham, which developed the curriculum and awarded degrees to students in an arrangement that was, however, very different from the idea of the African university Horton and his colleagues had proposed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4106/is_200404/ai_n9370753/pg_11 (313 words)

	SERSAS
		For example, FBC alumni James Africanus Horton and James "Holy" Johnson became two of the most outspoken advocates of African self-determination and the need to establish a West African university.
		Building on the work of Horton and Johnson, the greatest proponent of the West African University was Edward Wilmot Blyden.
		Horton, James Africanus Beale, West African Countries and Peoples, British and Native: A Vindication of the African Race (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1969 [First Edition 1868]).
	www.ecu.edu /african/sersas/Papers/ParakaDanSpring2002.htm (14099 words)

	Services and Staff - Faculty/GTF Partnerships
		As part of her discussion of African intellectual reactions to the scientific racism of Europeans, Professor Fair put onto the overhead and read aloud sections from John Africanus Horton's A Vindication of The African Race.
		She asked the students to write on their own -- but not to turn in -- a list of the specific ways Horton refuted Social Darwinism and scientific racism; after a couple of minutes she asked for volunteers.
		Five or six students responded, and she was pleased with what they had to say.
	tep.uoregon.edu /services/newsletter/year95-96/issue36/partnerships.html (1957 words)

	Ghana Early Manifestations of Nationalism
		Notwithstanding their call for elected representation as opposed to a system whereby the governor appointed council members, these nationalists insisted that they were loyal to the British Crown and that they merely sought an extension of British political and social practices to Africans.
		Notable leaders included Africanus Horton, Jr.; J.M. Sarbah; and S.R.B. Attah-Ahoma.
		Such men gave the nationalist movement a distinctly elitist flavor that was to last until the late 1940s.
	www.country-studies.com /ghana/early-manifestations-of-nationalism.html (747 words)

	Ngugi Wa Thiong'o: The Future of African Literature - Assata Speaks - Hands Off Assata - Let's Get Free - Revolutionary ...
		Both Horton and Blyden were of African descent, both from Sierra Leone, and they clearly wanted the best for Africa.
		According to Ashby, Horton wanted to introduce into Africa "undiluted Western education" and "there was no place in his scheme of higher education for the incorporation of African languages, history or culture." The way to African modernity lay by way of the Greek classics and European languages and culture.
		Its Europhonity is of course a direct product of the Horton model and so whatever is positive in it would justify Horton's hope that the great achievements of the classics and Western civilization would generate excellence in the African recipients.
	www.assatashakur.org /forum/showthread.php?t=7687 (4525 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The view of non-Europeans sharing similar values as Europeans and as imitators of European standards is seriously challenged (p.39).
		Therefore the perception of Africanus Horton, for instance, “as being alienated from African realities, a ‘Black Englishman,’ and as ideologist of the educated elite, share the serious flaw that they do not derive their interpretation from the texts and the specific historical circumstances.
		For instance, while Kanduza Chisiza in the 1960s, echoes Horton in the 1860s, while George Ayittey in the 1990s sounds like a student of John Sarbah of 1900.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /africa/asq/v5/v5i3a11.htm (925 words)

	Africanus Horton; Fyfe, Christopher (former Reader in African Studies, University of Edinburgh); Hardback; World Retail ...
		Africanus Horton; Fyfe, Christopher (former Reader in African Studies, University of Edinburgh); Hardback; World Retail Store - English Books
		This biography of James Africanus Beale Horton, a talented and versatile physician, British Army Officer, mining entrepreneur, banker and author, recounts his life and career against the political, economic and intellectual background of West Africa unde
		Prices subject to change to be advised on confirmation of order.
	www.worldretailstore.com /item/BE-0751200859.html (233 words)

	BNW : Biafra Nigeria World Message Board: the Voice of a New Generation: IGBO LEADERSHIP: Setting the Standards.
		Why are they so full of themselves (huge ego), more interested in big titles, and why do they feel they know it all even in the field that is not their specialty, and when they are ‘educated’, and have Ph.D, God help us, they become mini-gods!
		In my opinion he describes a people ready to take on the shoulders the responsibilities of republican government, not a slavish community of followers who turn here or there as easily as the wind changes direction.
		They would not, as a rule, allow anyone to act superior over, nor sway their conscience, by coercion, to the performance of any act, whether good or bad, when they have not the inclination to do so; in fact everyone likes to be his own master.”
	messageboard.biafranigeriaworld.com /ultimatebb.cgi/ubb/get_topic/f/1/t/001841.html (7574 words)

	Aspidogastrea
		Johnson, A. and Horton, H. Length-weight relationship, food habits, parasites, and sex and age determination of the ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennett).
		Justine, J.L. The general classification of parasitic Platyhelminthes: recent changes, and the use of ultrastructural characters, particularly those of spermatozoa.
		Saoud, M. A., El-Naffar, M. and Abdel-Hamid, M. Aspidogaster africanus n.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Aspidogastrea&contgroup=Platyhelminthes (3555 words)

	THE "IMPORT THESIS" ABOUT AFRICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT
		Christian Abolitionist ideas combined with Pan-Negroist ideas came to Africa from the America's with influential intellectuals like Edward Wilmot Blyden and Alexander Crummell in the 1850s and '60s.
		The idea of establishing modern nation-states in West Africa came with the famous modernist 'recaptive' Africanus Horton in the 1860s and '70s.
		The idea of modern political movements, such as the Aboriginals Rights Protection Society in the 1890s and the National Congress for British West Africa in the 1920s, emerged under the leadership of the so-called "educated elites" who took their education from Britain and America.
	www.africanphilosophy.com /issue2/vanhensbroek.html (3198 words)

	MEMORY LINES: ART IN THE PAN-AFRICAN WORLD
		Pilgrimages were made to Africa in search of knowledge by such eminent men as Solon, Plato, Pythagoras; and several came to listen to the instruction of the African Euclid, who was at the head of the most celebrated mathematical school in the world, and who flourished 300 years before the birth of Christ.
		1, Martin Bernal, following the lead of James Africanus Beale Horton (1868), and George James' Stolen Legacy, addresses the ways in which, from the seventeenth century onward, the white intellectual structure of knowledge and its racist model of interpretation distorted global history.
		In Race in North America, Audrey Smedley makes a similar argument, tracing the origin and evolution of the racist Eurocentric world-view through "popular (folk) beliefs about human differences" from the sixteenth century to the twentieth century (1993, 13-35).
	www.africaresource.com /ijele/vol1.2/nzegwu2.html (15687 words)

	Scipio Africanus by Livy, T. A. Buckney, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0865162085
		Scipio Africanus and Rome's Invasion of Africa: A...
		Scipio Africanus: Greater than Napoleon (By B. Hart)
		Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician (By H. Scullard)
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0865162085.html (286 words)

	The Chronicle - Books 2
		Arts, entertainment and sports personalities include Orlando Martins who was the foremost Nigerian actor in Britain, Uzo Egonu, artist, printmaker and art historian, and Tunde Jegede, composer and master of classical African and Western music.
		Eminent physicians include the Igbo doctor, Surgeon Major J. Africanus Horton.
		Okokon reminds readers of traders and entrepreneurs such as Madam Ewa Henshaw from Old Calabar, Nigeria, Jack Bubuela, inventor of Nubian Jak, one of the top ten new board games of 1995, and Chris Shokoya-Eleshin, the building contractor.
	www.chronicleworld.org /tomsite/bookarch/books02/tomsite/2_9_2boo.htm (1617 words)

	Horton (1968) West African countries and people, 1868
		Horton (1968) West African countries and people, 1868
		Africa, West; Politics and government; To 1884; Black race
		To view the the latter's ratings, click on Chapters/Papers/Articles in the STATISTICS box, select a publication from the list that appears, and then click on either Quality or Interest in that publication's STATISTICS box.
	www.getcited.org /?PUB=101246017&showStat=Ratings (82 words)

	[No title]
		Discussion of purpose, ideas, comments, welcome messages, newcomers introduction, etc. Feel free to add your personal hello and your first thoughts.
		James Africanus Horton wrote this about Africa in the early 1900's: 'Africa, in ages past, was the nursery of Science and Literature, from thence they are taught in Greece and Rome, so that it was said that the ancient Greeks represented their favourite goddess of wisdom, Minerva, as an African princess.
		Pilgimages were made to Africa in search of Knowledge, by such eminent men as Solon, Plato, Pythagoras, and several came to listen to the instruction of the African Euclid, who was at the head of the most celebrated mathematical school in the world and who flourished, 300 years before the birth of Christ.....
	www.omidyar.net /group/allmath/news/0/textfull (2773 words)

	Willie Horton by Grant Eldridge, Karen Elizabeth Bush, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0814330258
		Willie Horton by Grant Eldridge, Karen Elizabeth Bush, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0814330258
		Willie Horton: Detroit's Own Willie the Wonder (Detroit Biography Series for Young Readers)
		Willie Horton: Detroit's Own Willie the Wonder (By Grant J. Eldridge)
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0814330258.html (237 words)

	Amazon.ca: Africanus Horton, 1835-83: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Write an online review and share your thoughts with other shoppers!
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	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0195015010 (67 words)

	Africanus Horton; Author: Fyfe, Christopher (former Reader in African Studies, University of Edinburgh); Hardback; Book
		Africanus Horton; Author: Fyfe, Christopher (former Reader in African Studies, University of Edinburgh); Hardback; Book
		Author: Fyfe, Christopher (former Reader in African Studies, University of Edinburgh)
		This biography of James Africanus Beale Horton, a talented and versatile physician, British Army Officer, mining entrepreneur, banker and author, recounts his life and career against the political, economic and intellectual background of West Africa under the impact of colonial rule.
	www.netstoreusa.com /hjbooks/075/0751200859.shtml (186 words)

	An African Voice: The Role of the Humanities in African Independence - Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		There were those, however, who envisioned education in an African context, not an uncritical introduction of foreign learning but a shaping to African circumstances of skills and perceptions from abroad, a marriage of indigenous and foreign wisdom that would help the African to find his way in the modern world.
		Africanus Horton was such a one, proposing Western medical and technical training for Africans in a tropical setting and urging the establishment of a university in West
		Publication Information: Book Title: An African Voice: The Role of the Humanities in African Independence.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&docId=14392342 (384 words)

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