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 | | Major topics examined by scholars include slavery in the colonial period, Brazilian racial thought in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, contemporary race relations, and Afro-Brazilian culture and religion.[6] It is only in the last decade that scholars have turned their attention to organized black movements. |
 | | The modern Brazilian black movement, most visible through the Frente Negra in the 1930s and the new black movement in the 1970s and 1980s, has changed over time, but two constants have remained: the dominance of a middle-class, mulato leadership, and the inability to mobilize the majority of the Afro-Brazilian population. |
 | | Considering the movement's estimate of the Afro-Brazilian population, 70 million out of Brazil's 158,200,000, then the black movement has only gained a minority of the Afro-Brazilian population.[5] The key question then is why, despite some triumphs, has the black movement failed to mobilize a significant number of Afro-Brazilians? |
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