Afro-Trinidadian - Factbites

Afro-Trinidadian - Factbites
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Topic: Afro-Trinidadian

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	Indo-Trinidadian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trinidadians who are descended from the indigenous people of the region are known as Caribs or Amerindians.
		The Bhojpuri-Hindi, Urdu and Tamil languages of their ancestors have largely been lost, although a number of these words have entered the Trinidadian vernacular.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Trinidadian (437 words)

	Another hit- from Guyana: Land of Six Peoples
		And while Trinidadians were analysing the SARA poll results, the PPP/Civic's leader of government business in parliament, Reepu Daman Persaud, speaking during the recent budget debate, was exuding confidence of a return to power at coming elections.
		Well, as the Trinidadian Prime Minister, Panday, has said in relation to the SARA poll results: "Elections are won on elections day between six o'clock in the morning and six o'clock in the evening".
		The crucial difference is that the PNM's victories have always been based on free and fair elections in contrast to rigged elections, as a norm, under PNC rule right up to 1992 when it was defeated by the People's Progressive Party (PPP)/Civic with the return of electoral democracy.
	www.landofsixpeoples.com /news/nc004164.htm (1281 words)

	CALYPSO AND DELTA BLUES IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY:
		Trinidadian pianist, orchestra leader, and calypso promoter Lionel Belasco was the first person to copyright calypsos and thereby render the compositions into a fixed form.
		But the vote was not availabl e to any Trinidadian until the 1920s, and then only a few men qualified to vote for local matters; they could not vote on colonial issues nor, of course, on whether or not they wanted to live as colonial charges of the British.
		That new calypso was the symbolic medium, a means of communication, between all elements of the emergent Trinidadian society, except for the Asian Indians.
	employees.oneonta.edu /hilldr/trinidad.htm (6272 words)

	PEOPLE
		Trinidad and Tobago Creole (or, strictly speaking, Trinidadian Creole) has been shaped by its polyglot population is the fact that the Standard Creole of the smaller island, Tobago, is not quite the same as that of Trinidad, and has been found to have striking similarities with Jamaican Creole.
		Inevitably, the life-style of Indian Trinidadians has been and continues to be affected by the influences which prevail in the society, namely the culture of their African counterparts, as well as the essentially Western-oriented education system and mass media.
		The diet of white Trinidadians families differs from that of the rest of the population for economic reasons, for example in terms of the balance of the various food groups.
	users.rcn.com /alana.interport/trinis.html (6303 words)

	Afro-Trinidadian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These people were brought here in the latter half of the 18th century.In the earlier part of the 19th century a smattering of these Afro-Trinidadians were also free slaves directly from the African continent, South America(especially Brazil) and from the Southern United States.
		It is imporant to note that both Afro- and Indo- prefixes/appelations do not sufficiently describe ethnicity in the Caribbean, much less in cosmopolitan Trinidad and Tobago, due to the recent date of historic arrival of most of its citizens.
		This page was last modified 05:02, 27 October 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afro-Trinidadian (225 words)

	Al-Qaeda's inroads into the Caribbean
		Interestingly, although most Trinidadians did not support his 1990 coup attempt, many at the time agreed with the issues raised by the Jammat during the crisis, especially impoverished Afro-Trinidadians.
		Trinidadian sources go a step further and tie Shukrijumah to the Darul Uloom, an Islamic institute in Trinidad, and claim he may have infiltrated Central America via Trinidad and Tobago with a Trinidadian, Guyanese, or Canadian passport [2].
		U.S. and Trinidadian authorities have kept a close eye on the Jammat’s activities since the 9/11 attacks, but there is no hard evidence tying the group to international terrorism, let alone al-Qaeda.
	www.mexidata.info /id652.html (1801 words)

	issr2-6.txt
		Afro- Trinidadians also practice other forms of reciprocity not post-industrial in nature, such as letter writing and sending remittances.
		The continuous social relations sustained by the Afro- Trinidadians in the research combine Old World traditions such as letter-writing and remittances with distinctive Caribbean traditions such as child-fostering.
		Yet, the cultural identity of Trinidadian migrants overseas is a dual one: on the one hand they want the material comfort America has to offer them, on the other, they crave their Trinidadian souls that are left behind.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /issr/paper/issr2-6.txt (7656 words)

	callaloo.cfm
		Trinidadians often use the local West Indian dish "callaloo" as a metaphor for the nation.
		Her new book, Callaloo or Tossed Salad?: East Indians and the Cultural Politics of Identity in Trinidad (Cornell University Press, 2001), is an historical and ethnographic study of an Indian community in the Caribbean, with an emphasis on the politics of cultural conflict between Trinidadians of Indian and African descent.
		This stew, made from the leaves of the dasheen bush and flavored with okra and coconut milk, serves as a fitting image for their nation because it conveys both native origins (in the New World) and the containment of diverse elements within a single unit.
	www.asiasource.org /society/callaloo.cfm (1992 words)

	From Caroni Gyal To Calcutta Woman
		Many of them were sung in Trinidadian creole, such as the ever popular "Caroni Gyal," a ballad about his love for a girl from the village of Caroni, whose parents disapproved of their relationship.
		However, it is quite interesting to note that most songs by Afro West Indians usually described their praises and adorations for East Indian women, while those sung by East Indians did the exact opposite.
		Sung in Hindi and Trinidadian creole, and backed up with the music of the dholak and dhantal as well as that of the more western Guitar and synthesizer, the song instantly became a #1 hit in Guyana and Trinidad (Popo, 1972).
	www.saxakali.com /caribbean/Hemchandra1.htm (3774 words)

	wk9classoutlines
		The Mystic Masseur, however, is widely seen as satirizing Ganesh and Trinidadian society by revealing the large gaps between modern and English realities and conceptions and their manifestations or adaptations in Trinidad.
		Naipaul spends a great deal of time illustrating how Trinidadians view books in this novel.
		We must also consider that this is a book — a book written by a Trinidadian and about a Trinidadian.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/rosenber/lit4188fall2003/wk9classoutlines.html (3784 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page
		An afro, sometimes shortened to 'fro, is a hairstyle in which the hair extends out from the head like a halo, or cloud.
		An afro can be very difficult to maintain, requiring tight curls and often, but not always, coarse..
		He is easily recognizable due to his trademark afro, from which his pseudonym is derived.
	www.hostingciamca.com /browse.php?title=A/AF/AFR (5667 words)

	Center for Latin American Studies, UC Berkeley
		Belgrave, this elevation of poverty in Trinidadian literature, sometimes referred to as “yard literature,” is an attempt by Trinidadians to write like the British and to write for a foreign audience.
		Belgrave’s batiks and oil paintings adorn the walls of private collectors, commercial hotels throughout the Caribbean and now her novels are part of the libraries of people interested in Trinidadian history throughout the world.
		However, Springer, Belgrave and Brother Resistance make equal contributions in terms of their commitment to preserve Trinidadian culture through their artistry.
	socrates.berkeley.edu:7001 /Research/graduate/summer2002/fisher (1244 words)

	ExecutiveSummary.html
		Furthermore, although the Trinidadian market is small, strong political, economic and cultural ties with the United States give U.S. goods and services a competitive advantage, allowing them to dominate the market.
		Aside from its ample human and natural resources and excellent investment climate, Trinidad and Tobago's stable democratic political system and strategic location off the coast of South America may be of interest to investors.
		This Country Commercial Guide (CCG) is designed to present a comprehensive look at Trinidad and Tobago s commercial environment, using economic, political and market analysis.
	www.mac.doc.gov /tcc/data/commerce_html/countries/Countries5/TrinidadandTobago/CountryCommercial/1998/ExecutiveSummary.html (412 words)

	Latin American Issues, Volume 13 -Section IV
		People of such mixed descent may be denigrated in the urban areas by Afro- and Indo-Guyanese alike on the basis of their "buck" (Amerindian) ancestry unless such heritage is denied or disregarded.
		It must be noted that the small amount of research on "dougla" identity has dealt with the position of "dougla" people in the Trinidadian context; specificities which deal with how "dougla" identities are taken up in Guyana is an area which has been highly neglected, with one exception being the work of Shibata.
		Due to a number of co-existing factors (including the recent first-time election of an "Indian" government and the widespread popularity of chutney soca), tensions heightened among Trinidadians who had an investment in the notion of a pure racial identity.
	merlin2.alleg.edu /group/LAS/LatinAmIssues/Articles/Vol13/LAI_vol_13_section_IV.html (5053 words)

	Journal of Social History: Carnival, Canboulay and Calypso: Traditions in the Making. - book reviews
		Cowley has little to say about this social dynamic, which is at once curious and quite widespread, being better explored in the literature on American minstrelsy and Cuban Carnaval.(2) Also unexplored is the distinctive combination of parody and emulation which animated the Afro-Trinidadian formation of mock military regiments and street flotillas.
		Cowley has provided a rich compilation of raw data for the reconstruction of Trinidadian social history, although its interpretation and contextualization still remain to be conducted.
		Ranger's classic study(3) of East African ngoma provides an exemplary interpretation of this remarkable and once prevalent colonial phenomenon, but a proper discussion of its Trinidadian manifestation is still needed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2005/is_n3_v31/ai_20574163 (721 words)

	InterAction.org Library
		Gina Ortela is an Advisor for the Washington-based advocacy arm of Colombia’s Buenaventura Cooperative/AFRORED and on the steering committee for the Afro Latino Agenda.
		Policies need to be adopted as part of the Millennium Development Goals that would increase the living standards of Afro-descendents — the poor in Latin America.
		In the past 10 years, many Afro-Colombians have been forced to flee their homes to the large cities.
	www.interaction.org /library/detail.php?id=2449 (733 words)

	Trinidad Paper
		There as are as many Trinidadians who say no, as those who acknowledge that some strides have been made in that direction.” He goes on to point out that gains resulting from the 1970 Black Power uprising have dissipated and that general elections are decided by race.
		More importantly, Trinidadians are a practical people who deliberately and consciously seek methods to enhance this multiculturalism that has become center to their very nation.
		The basic strength of the Trinidadian economy is illustrated by the standard economic data on GDP, labor force, unemployment, industries, exports and imports presented below in Table 2.
	www.andrews.edu /~tidwell/pubs/Trinidad_Paper.html (6069 words)

	Paper by Maximilian C. Forte
		Under the “guidance” of international institutions such as the IMF and World Bank, Trinidadian governments and all the dominant parties have accepted, domesticated and implemented neoliberal structural adjustment measures in both philosophy and practice.
		Added to this is the increasing awareness, and furious controversy, of patterns of widespread bisexuality and homosexuality, with the recent publication of national estimates that up to 45% of adult male Trinidadians have had some homosexual experience.
		The outcome has been the withdrawal of the state from an active and central role in fostering development via state ownership of the “commanding heights” of the economy.
	www.kacike.org /MaxForte.html (5250 words)

	BBC News AMERICAS Trinidad's voters reassess loyalties
		At their final rally in a park in the Trinidadian capital Port of Spain, party officials again dismissed the claims.
		Culturally this is reflected in the fusion of Indian and Afro-Caribbean cuisine and hybrid forms of music like "chutney", which has a Calypso beat mixed with traditional Indian singing.
		Widespread intermarriage over the last 20 years has led to a fifth of the population now being made up of mixed-race Trinidadians
	news.bbc.co.uk /low/english/world/americas/newsid_1700000/1700435.stm (751 words)

	Second foundation - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Yet my fear of a racial Armageddon was quite misplaced: most Trinidadians, it seems, both assume that Mr Panday is guilty and are disgusted with 'the PNM' for arresting him.
		Or wrong.) And, as my Jamaican informant pointed out, my view of the DPP was a Trinidadian assumption, since most Jamaicans assume that the DPP here does in fact act independently of the political directorate.
		Yet when I went online or picked up the phone to enquire of friends and family in Trinidad what the hell was going on, their responses took me aback.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /columns/html/20050611T200000-0500_82193_OBS_SECOND_FOUNDATION.asp (1187 words)

	Trinidad News, Trinidad Newspaper, Trinidad Sports, Trinidad politics, Trinidad and Tobago, Tobago News, Trinidad classifieds, Trinidad TV, Sports, Business
		While there are many good reasons to compare Mauritian Hindus with Trinidad Indians, there is much to be learned from comparing politically dominant Mauritian Hindus with politically dominant Trinidadian Afro-Creoles, and politically marginal Mauritian Afro-Creoles with politically marginal Trinidadian Indians.
		There are striking similarities between Mauritius and Trinidadian Indians, who originate from the same place in India, like the whites and Chinese of both countries do.
		This is both familiar and strange for a Trinidadian, of whatever ethnic background.
	www.trinidadexpress.com /index.pl/article_opinion?id=23342675 (1322 words)

	View an article
		I went to Carnival in Trinidad on many occasions and the "Bands" are equally comprised of Indo Trinidadians jumping as high as their Afro Trinidadian brothers and sisters.
		Â Â To sum up therefore, the afro Guyanese took the free drinks, the costumes and the music supplied and they had a ball, about time too, the government's efforts to get support from their constituents to join Mash for unity crashed as was the PNC's ability to mobilise their supporters to condemn Gajraj.
		Was it the 300 odd members of their kind which were sent to meet their maker in heavenly harmony over the past two years by the Ministry of Home Affairs' death squads?
	tonyvguy.com /admin2/visitors/view.aspx?art=2004-02-25 (829 words)

	African American - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Malcolm X originally coined the term at an OAAU (Organization of Afro American Unity) meeting, saying "Twenty-two million African-Americans - that's what we are - Africans who are in America."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_American (2624 words)

	Trinidad News, Trinidad Newspaper, Trinidad Sports, Trinidad politics, Trinidad and Tobago, Tobago News, Trinidad classifieds, Trinidad TV, Sports, Business
		Panday warned Indo Trinidadians that PNM attempts to be inclusive in terms of its social policy is only "mamaguy".
		He told a Divali audience "that they must not be misled by mamaguy, by hypocritical outer expressions of participation when in practice they [the PNM] daily continue to discriminate against a large section of the population." As a politician interested in returning to office, Panday has a vested interest in aggravating feelings of alienation.
		Cudjoe is of the view that policies which are designed to be neutral in their impact have differential impacts on various groups, depending on their social circumstances, demographic location, propensities, and epistemologies.
	www.trinidadexpress.com /index.pl/article_opinion?id=47194291 (1471 words)

	Insight News
		The Coconut Grove Caribbean Restaurant and Pub at 3554 Penn Avenue, a Trinidadian culinary oasis at the heart of the Northside, offers a menu of spices, culture and song to tame the frost in winter wonderland with food that a young restaurateur says is a signature of his homeland.
		“The diversity of Northside makes this a meeting place for the family, business people and friends who enjoy good, tasty food that is authentic Trinidadian and Caribbean and an exotic environment which is much different from fast food offerings.”
		You may not be able to go to a Caribbean paradise where the daily temperature hovers around 88 degrees but you should not miss the spice, the rhythm of the steel pan and the soul of one of these island states simmering in North Minneapolis.
	www.insightnews.com /aesthetics.asp?mode=display&articleID=1610 (665 words)

	Steel Drum Message Board
		I am curious to hear what some of the Trinidadian's on this board think of this article.
	www.steeldrum.net /board/bbbb.php3?request=9958 (251 words)

	Bharat Rakshak MONITOR: Volume 3(2)
		Indo-Fijians, Guyanese and Trinidadians are all citizens of their respective countries.
		This is partly a result of a genuine lack of Indo-Trinidadian applicants and partly a result of a recruiting policy that works to the exclusion of Indians.
		The TTDF, despite the existence of Trinidadian volunteer military units during the Second World War, really came into being shortly before the country's independence in 1962.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /MONITOR/ISSUE3-2/sanjay.html (6509 words)

	Indian culture was alive before Black Power
		I write with the knowledge that there is an attempt by NJAC and a few Indians militants, to sanitise what, according to historian Dr Kevin Singh (1970), was really a bid by Afro- Trinidadians to dominate the multi-ethnic society in a totalitarian way.
		I wish to contest the theory held by some academics and spokesmen that Indian culture was "revitalised" as a result of the Black Power Revolution.
		Those writers who claim that the Black Power Revolution ignited an outburst in Indian cultural expression have not provided a single shred of evidence in support of their theory.
	www.pantrinbago.com /Kumarmahabir2.htm (1217 words)

	Descendants of a Sharp-Tongued Dialectic: Calypso and the Chantwell
		I see the wordsmithing and social commentary of Trinidadian calypsonians, regardless of ethnicity, as descendants of the griot/chantwell—one who inverts the social order by singing the material and ideological lives of the marginalized.
		One must go beyond the notion of calypso as a simple representation of this conflict, as picong politicizes calypso: first, by pointing to the folk elements of which it is partly fashioned; and second, by extension, politicizing the use of the folk as a transforming force in Trinidadian popular culture.
		This suggests that picong’s traditional format is one refashioned from the cultural retentions of Trinidad’s enslaved community which was predominantly of West African descent.
	www.africaresource.com /proudflesh/issue3/samuel.htm (4961 words)

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