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Topic: Afromontane

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	Afromontane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tree genera Afrocrania, Balthasaria, Curtisia, Ficalhoa, Hagenia, Kiggelaria, Leucosidea, Platypterocarpus, Trichocladus, Widdringtonia, and Xymalos are Afromontane endemics or near-endemics, as are the plant genera Ardisiandra, Cincinnobotrys, and Stapfiella.
		The Afromontane forests occur along the mountainous arc of the Drakensberg Range, from Limpopo Province in the northeast to the Western Cape Province in the southwest.
		The Afromontane forests are intolerant of fire, and the frequent fires of the surrounding fynbos, savanna, and grassland limit the expansion of the forests.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afromontane (446 words)

	Afromontane Forest
		Afromontane Forest reaches its greatest stature in the Tsitsikamma region from where it extends to Knysna.
		However, Afromontane Forest would certainly spread into both grasslands and Fynbos were it not for fires - all forest patches are in fire-safe habitats with the largest stands occurring in the moist valleys of the Garden Route where they are protected by the sea and the Cape Fold Belt mountains.
		Afromontane Forest is well conserved in a number of areas, and many stands are safe from exploitation by their isolation in remote areas.
	www.ngo.grida.no /soesa/nsoer/Data/vegrsa/veg2.htm (595 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Preliminary inventory and classification of indigenous afromontane forests on the Blyde ...
		The landscape is prone to lightning-induced burning [11] and is topographically complex, hosting a variety of habitats [12], including grassland plateaus, wetlands and sponge areas, grassland slopes, afromontane forest, riparian forest, moist woodlands, dry woodlands and shrublands.
		According to Geldenhuys [5], conservation status implies the extent to which populations, species or communities have been modified by the influences of man and the degree to which they might be expected to maintain their genetic diversity and ecological processes in the medium term (10 to 100 years).
		Two afromontane forest communities are recognized and associated along an altitudinal gradient, one within the moist mist belt and one within drier micro-climates outside the mist belt; further, within each community, variants were recognized based on either available soil moisture or degree of past utilization.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6785/4/9 (3803 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Eastern Afromontane - Overview
		The mountains of the Eastern Afromontane hotspot are scattered along the eastern edge of Africa, from Saudi Arabia in the north to Zimbabwe in the south.
		The Eastern Afromontane Hotspot encompasses several widely scattered, but biogeographically similar mountain ranges in eastern Africa, from Saudi Arabia and Yemen in the north to Zimbabwe in the south.
		The lower altitudinal limit is usually taken as between 1,500 and 2,000 meters, although this is lower away from the equator, while the Knysna Forests in the Cape, which are considered to be the southernmost reaches of the Afromontane habitat (though not included here), are at 300 meters.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/afromontane (675 words)

	Knysna Elephant Park, Knysna, Plettenberg Bay, Garden Route, adventure safari South Africa
		The Afromontane (meaning African mountain) forest is a plant community (biome) that does not strictly fall within the description of the Cape Floral Kingdom.
		The forest can be further divided into different types, which follow the general rule-of-thumb that there is a greater diversity of species in the lower altitude forests than in those of the higher altitudes (this is also true for younger stands of forest, which generally have more species than the older forests).
		The Afromontane forests are usually found at altitudes below 1 000 metres, in areas that are protected from wind and fire, and in soils that are deeper, more fertile, and more able to retain their moisture than those characteristic of the fynbos.
	www.knysnaelephantpark.co.za /afromontaneforest.htm (445 words)

	Hotspots Revisited
		The lower altitudinal limit is usually taken as between 1 500 and 2 000 m, although this is lower away from the equator, while the Knysna Forests in the Cape, which are considered to be the southernmost reaches of the Afromontane habitat, are at 300 m.
		Far to the north, the Asir Mountains of southwest Saudi Arabia and the highlands of Yemen have biological affinities with the Eastern Afromontane Hotspot, being as they were at one stage part of the large Ethiopian dome that began to arise some 75 million years ago (Kingdon 1989).
		The Drakensberg Range of South Africa and Lesotho (the high point being Thabana-Ntlenyana, 3 482 m), coupled with the Barberton, Wolkberg, Soutpansberg and perhaps Sekhukhuneland centers of endemism in southern Africa (Van Wyk and Smith 2001), form a similar high-altitude Afromontane outlier to the south, but are, for the moment, not included in the analysis.
	www.biodiversityscience.org /publications/hotspots/Afromontanefinal.html (1217 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Eastern Afromontane - Human Impacts
		The primary threat to the biodiversity of the Eastern Afromontane Hotspot is habitat loss, due to conversion of land for agriculture, plantations and commercial estates, as well as logging.
		Intentional burning has been responsible for converting much of the Afromontane forests in the region to grassland and scrub-grassland.
		A steep hill planted with corn in the highlands of the Usambara Mountains, northeastern Tanzania.
	www.conservation.org /xp/Hotspots/afromontane/impacts.xml (620 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic (AT1001)
		The forest patches are restricted to the deep ravines or remote valleys of the highest mountains in the Huambo and Cuanza Sul provinces and an area of Afromontane forest mosaic further south, on the Serra da Chela in Huíla province.
		Clearing for agriculture is probably the greatest threat to the Afromontane grasslands and savannas given the relatively high agricultural potential and the dense human population.
		White (1983) mapped four areas of Afromontane vegetation in the Huambo and Cuanza Sul provinces and an area of Afromontane forest mosaic further south, on the Serra da Chela in the Huíla province.
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at1001_full.html (2180 words)

	REPORT ON THE CAPE PARROT BIG BIRDING DAY 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Yellowwoods are common canopy trees in all afromontane forests in South Africa, but are also valuable commercial timbers and were intensively logged in the past.
		The deterioration of afromontane forests is thus contributing directly to the demise of the Cape Parrot.
		Groups of forest patches (afromontane and coastal) in the Eastern Cape, KZN and Northern Province were divided into regions headed by a co-ordinator.
	www.craigharris.org /parrot/article9.html (1978 words)

	SANParks.org Forums :: View topic - Afromonatne Forest in Tokai?
		Afromontane forests are very beautiful, and have been significantly reduced due to logging activities.
		While we have no real indication of the expanse of Afromontane Forest on the peninsula in pre-colonial times, today only small pockets remain in the TMNP as within 50 years of European settlement large swathes of Afromontane had been harvested.
		Afromontane Forest usually occurs below 800m and requires good rainfall and nutrient rich soil and today is found primarily in kloofs on the slopes of Table Mountain but it does occur as far south as the Cape of Good Hope.
	www.sanparks.org /forums/viewtopic.php?t=11905 (461 words)

	The Conservational Importance of the Mgwayiza Mist Belt Forest, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Swaziland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Some of the trees occurring in Afromontane forest are very old, more than a hundred years old, and consequently any damage or destruction of this habitat could take centuries for it to recover.
		There is a transition from Afromontane forest, at 1400m, to Afrotropical forest and thicket at 680m, from the top of the Mgwayiza Range to the Nkomati River.
		The forest is the finest example of fully protected Afromontane mist belt forest in which the diversity of bird species is almost beyond belief.
	www.ecs.co.sz /malolotja_mistbeltforest.htm (634 words)

	Afromontane Forests - Magoebaskloof Getaway (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		If one considers that Afromontane forests only occupy 0.47% of South Africa's land area, it brings home the fragility, conservation importance and uniqueness of this lovely botanical heritage.
		Except for the coastal forests at Knysna, the Afromontane forests of the Magoebaskloof area rank as of the most extensive in South Africa and also of the most beautiful.
		The vegetation of these forests have enormous plant diversity and are dominated by trees as tall as 30-40m.
	magoebaskloofgetaway.co.za.cob-web.org:8888 /content/view/14/49 (441 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Eastern Afromontane - Unique and Threated Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Eastern Afromontane Hotspot is home to nearly 500 mammal species, more than 100 of which are endemic to the region.
		The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis, EN) is an endemic species found in the Afroalpine ecosystem of the Ethiopian Highlands; with less than 450 individuals in seven small and isolated populations, this wolf is the rarest canid in the world.
		While most invertebrates of the Eastern Afromontane are not well studied, the butterfly fauna is relatively well known.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/afromontane/biodiversity.xml (1668 words)

	ePrintsUQ - Towards Sustainable Management: Southern Africa's Afromontane, and Western Australia's Jarrah Forests
		Rather, in WA jarrah forests, amendments in purpose and tenure were subsequent to the loss of most mills and towns, while in southern Africa's Afromontane forests, timber workers were pensioned by 1939 because of scanty remaining merchantable timber.
		In the jarrah forests, we believe that the conflict generated by conservation concerns, reduced timber industry employment, and reduced benefits flowing to the communities adjacent to the logged forests, has fueled dissatisfaction with forest management outcomes.
		A sustainable management system appears to have been achieved in the Afromontane forests and has led to the development and maintenance of support for small-scale operations to supply local timber needs from State managed forests.
	eprint.uq.edu.au /archive/00002702 (549 words)

	BirdLife South Africa
		Associated with Afromontane Podocarpus forests with a discontinuous distribution from Fort Beaufort in the Eastern Cape through to the Karkloof in KwaZulu-Natal (Wirminghaus 1997; Wirminghaus et al.
		Afromontane forests are dominated by Podocarpus species and occur at 1000-1500m altitude, on steep, south-facing slopes on dolerite ridges that receive frequent mist in the summer and mean annual rainfall of >1000mm.
		Although restricted to Afromontane forest patches, the birds are food nomadics and are highly mobile moving between yellowwood forest patches, visiting orchards and occasionally forest near the coast (Mboyti to Port St. Johns).
	www.birdlife.org.za /index.php?p[IGcms_nodes][IGcms_nodesUID]=6694539f04816b98a268a8c7354bb3fc (3759 words)

	KZN National Parks and Wildlife Reserves in Southern Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Patches of forest with Afromontane floristic affinities occur all along the Drakensberg mountain chain at altitudes from 800m up to 2100m.
		They occur on south-facing ridges and in ravines where moisture is higher and the maximum effect of the south-westerly and south-easterly wind-driven rains is apparent.
		However, Afromontane Forest would certainly spread into both grasslands and Fynbos were it not for fires.
	www.kznparks.com /SouthAfrica/Forests (802 words)

	Theses from Uppsala University : 493 - Plant Population Dynamics of Dodonaea angustifolia and Olea europaea ssp. ...
		The present study focuses on the population dynamics and regeneration of an early successional shrub Dodonaea angustifolia and a late successional tree Olea europaea ssp.
		Population structure and dynamics, regeneration and seed banks in dry Afromontane habitats were considered.
		For both species, three population structure patterns were identified: 1) high density, reversed J-shape structure with many seedlings and few large individuals, 2) lower density, unimodal structure with higher proportions of plants of intermidiate size, 3) high density with higher proportions of large plants, in some cases bimodal with small and large individuals.
	publications.uu.se /theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=493 (549 words)

	CURRENT RESEARCH ISSUES AND PROSPECTS FOR CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
		By taking Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and its Afromontane forest as a case-study, I am able to highlight the potential and many pitfalls of NWFPs which may not yet be evident in massive forested areas such as the Zaire basin or Amazonia where human population densities are 1-10 people/km².
		Muir (1990), for example, working with local wood-cutters in Afromontane forest in southern Africa, has demonstrated that cultivating alternative sources of building material outside indigenous forest can be over ten times cheaper than the cost of an intensive monitoring programme for sustainable use of that resource.
		This issue is most evident in Afromontane and coastal forest protected areas, which are small and are surrounded by high numbers of rural farmers.
	www.fao.org /docrep/X2161E/x2161e16.htm (8780 words)

	The Afromontane Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The main objective of this first comprehensive review is to describe Afromontane vegetation as it occurs in southern Africa in relation to that of the Afromontane Region as a whole, and to examine the Afromontane Region in relation to other phytochoria, both near and distant.
		The great majority of Afromontane species is endemic to the region, and probably totals more than twice the number already surveyed (i.e.
		It is concluded that specific endemism on individual mountains appears low for trees and smaller plants, with the exception of smaller plants in the Drakensberg system.
	trophort.trophort.com /000/764/000764621.html (135 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic (AT1014)
		The ecoregion forms part of the Afromontane archipelago-like regional center of endemism, and is extended here to include the biologically important Afroalpine and lowland forest areas.
		Patches of Brachystegia woodland remain on the lower slopes of this Plateau, and at higher altitudes remnants of mid-altitude and Afromontane forests are found in ravines and gorges.
		Chorological analysis of the trees and shrubs of Mulanje showed that the proportion of Afromontane elements increases from 22 percent in lowland forest, to 44 percent in mid-elevation forest and to 76 percent in the Afromontane forest (Dowsett-Lemaire 1988).
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at1014_full.html (4134 words)

	Preliminary inventory and classification of indigenous afromontane forests on the Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve, ...
		Preliminary inventory and classification of indigenous afromontane forests on the Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve, Mpumalanga, South Africa
		Two forest communities - high altitude moist afromontane forest and low altitude dry afromontane forest - are identified.
		From our analysis of the forest vegetation in the relevés, two main plant communities - moist afromontane forest at high altitude and dry afromontane forest at lower altitude - are identified and described below.
	bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de /1472-6785-4-9/text.htm (3786 words)

	Response of two Afromontane coniferous tree species to light and nutrient supply
		We studied the responses to light and nutrient availability of the two Afromontane conifers Juniperus procera Hochst.
		Similiar findings were observed in a short-term experiment in which internodes were laterally irradiated.
		Keywords: Afrocarpus gracilior, Afromontane coniferous forest, climax species, Ethiopia, forest understory, Juniperus procera, pioneer species, photosynthetic photon flux, red/far-red ratio, seedling establishment.
	heronpublishing.com /tree/summaries/volume16/a16-617.html (229 words)

	Epsilon Dissertations and Graduate Theses Archive - Seed-borne fungi of the afromontane tree species Podocarpus ...
		Gure, Abdella (2004) Seed-borne fungi of the afromontane tree species Podocarpus falcatus and Prunus africana in Ethiopia.
		This thesis is comprised of four studies regarding seed-borne fungi of the afromontane forest trees, Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.
		Gure A., Wahlström, K., Barklund, P. and Stenlid, J. Fungi Associated with Seeds of Afromontane Podocarpus falcatus and Prunus africana in Ethiopia.
	diss-epsilon.slu.se /archive/00000705 (469 words)

	Mycorrhiza Literature Exchange
		Wubet T; Kottke I; Teketay D; Oberwinkler F. Mycorrhizal status of indigenous trees in dry Afromontane forests of Ethiopia.
		The dry Afromontane forests in Ethiopia are composed of a number of indigenous tree species.
		Results established that arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are predominant in the dry Afromontane forests of Ethiopia.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest03/03_7wubet1.htm (270 words)

	The Phantom Forest - Accommodation in Knysna
		The Phantom Forest Eco Reserve, on the southern Cape coast of South Africa, in the heart of the magnificent Garden Route...
		Nestling in the Afromontane Forest, with endless views, shared only with our Fish Eagles, the large and elevated luxury 'tree suites' are an African celebration of natural textures.
		There are over 150 bird species, bush pig, bushbuck, grysbok, the rare blue duiker (one of Africa's smallest antelope), and a variety of smaller game.
	www.places.co.za /html/9327.html (375 words)

	Species composition and phytogeographical significance of an afromontane forest fragment in the Mpumalanga province, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Species composition and phytogeographical significance of an afromontane forest fragment in the Mpumalanga province, South Africa
		A floristic survey of an afromontane forest fragment, Pedlar's Bush, was made as part of an effort to proclaim this forest as a national heritage site.
		The phytogeographical relationship of this forest with thirteen Afromontane and Coastal Lowland forests of the region was also investigated.
	trophort.com /information/data/B01/S18/MOR00SPE81X1508.html (259 words)

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