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Topic: Afrotheria

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Afrosoricida

Paenungulata

Macroscelidea

Notoryctemorphia

Sirenia

Eutheria

Genera

Elephant shrew

Mammal

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	Afrotheria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Afrotheria are a clade of mammals with the rank of cohort, that has been proposed based on DNA analysis.
		Afrotheria are believed to have originated in Africa at a time when the continent was isolated from other continents.
		Their only externally visible common characteristic is the movable snout, although there is no convincing evidence that this structure is in fact homologous across all members of this group.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afrotheria (236 words)

	Afrotheria - TheBestLinks.com - Africa, Aardvark, Anteater, Clade, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Afrotheria - TheBestLinks.com - Africa, Aardvark, Anteater, Clade,...
		Afrotheria, Africa, Aardvark, Anteater, Clade, DNA, Mammal, Sirenia, Ungulate...
		de:Afrotheria Afrotheria are a clade of mammals that has been proposed based on DNA analysis.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Afrotheria.html (136 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> ungulate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that Perissodactyla and Cetartiodactyla are closest to Carnivora and Pholidota rather than to the Pseudungulata.
		The Pseudungulata are by some scientists united with the Afrosoricida in the cohort or super-order Afrotheria based on molecular and DNA analysis.
		Instead, they are united with the Afrotheria and the Xenarthra in the supercohort Atlantogenata.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/ungulate (503 words)

	ScienceWeek
		EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY: ON AFROTHERIA The idea of an Afrotheria group is one of the most remarkable hypotheses in mammalian evolutionary biology, the hypothesis proposing that one-third of the orders of placental mammals form an ancient group that evolved on Africa when that continent was isolated from other continents by plate tectonics.
		EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY: ON AFROTHERIA One of the major current controversies in evolutionary biology concerns methodology, a conflict between *evolutionary divergence and groupings as documented by the apparent fossil record, and divergence and groupings as documented by the apparent molecular-genetic record.
		The identification of the Afrotheria group splits apart other established groups of mammals, including ungulates and insectivores, yet it is the most strongly supported grouping of mammalian orders in molecular phylogenies.
	scienceweek.com /2001/sw010209.htm (13423 words)

	Talk:Theria - Wikispecies
		At Eutheria, Xenarthra, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria, and Euarchontoglires are listed as orders; it seems like this is WRONG.
		At wikispecies, an order such as Primates only points to Theria (Eutheria and Euarchontoglires are not shown as higher grouping).
		I changed Eutheria so as to show Xenarthra, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria, and Euarchontoglires as super-orders.
	species.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Theria (384 words)

	PNAS -- News Archive012003
		Aardvarks belong to a superorder of mammals known as the Afrotheria, a group thought to have evolved on Africa when that continent was isolated from the others through plate tectonics.
		Robinson at Stellenbosch University and colleagues compared chromosomes from three animals in the Afrotheria -- aardvarks, African elephants, and Asian elephants -- and humans, who are in a different superordinal group.
		The researchers found that all the organisms shared several chromosome sections, with the Afrotheria members having the most sections in common.
	www.pnas.org /misc/archive012003.shtml (1438 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 460.000 Insectivora Overview
		Stanhope and his colleagues have been active in promoting the "Afrotheria," a supposed clade of endemically African mammals including elephants, elephant shrews, hyrax, aardvarks, sirenians, tenrecs and golden moles (Chrysochloroidea).
		The Afrotheria are, indeed, recovered in almost all cases.
		Although Afrotheria is recovered in both cases, its internal structure and external placement are extremely different.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/460Insectivora/460.000.html (4892 words)

	BioBeat Online Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		According to the authors, their results indicate that Clade I (Afrotheria) and Clade II (Xenarthra) were the first clades of placental mammals to branch off the phylogenetic tree.
		Two of the methods (neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood) showed the placental root to be between Afrotheria and the rest of the placental mammals, while the third method (maximum parsimony) showed the root to be within Afrotheria.
		In addition, the possibilities of Afrotheria and Xenarthra being sister groups, separated from the other placental mammals by a basal split, or of Xenarthra being basal to all other placental mammals, could not be rejected on the basis of the current data, the authors said.
	www.appliedbiosystems.com /biobeat/index.jsp?articleId=f5575526-e8d1-c84d-1e60a26c9c1f0304&type=0 (1175 words)

	Afrosoricida - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However there have always been opinions suggesting that Tenrecomorpha, or at least the golden moles, are not true Lipotyphlans.
		These opinions are supported by many genetic studies suggesting an association between Tenrecomorpha and various other African mammals in a proposed superorder known as Afrotheria.
		However there is no strong morphological evidence to link the Afrosoricida together with other Afrotherians, despite the number of genetic studies suggesting this relationship to be accurate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afrosoricida (169 words)

	University of Cincinnati News: DNA Deletion Offers Evidence of Mammalian Origins
		Springer, DeBry and the other co-authors report that a specific deletion of nine base pairs in BRCA-1 is shared by 12 groups of placental mammals.
		The relationships which evolved closely parallel the movement of continental land masses during geologic time.
		That's why Springer named one group Afrotheria for its African origins and another Laurasiatheria after the land mass which gave rise to North America, Europe and Asia.
	www.uc.edu /news/debry.htm (552 words)

	Digimorph - Hemicentetes semispinosus (Lowland Streaked Tenrec)
		Tenrecs are small mammals (head and body length: 40-400 mm) and many, but not all, have greatly reduced tails and bodies covered with bristly hair or quills (Nowak, 1991).
		Recent analyses of molecular data place Tenrecidae in the clade Afrotheria which also includes aardvarks, elephants, hyraxes, golden moles, elephant shrews, and sirenians (Murphy et al., 2001).
		Within Afrotheria, tenrecs form a clade with golden moles and elephant shrews (Murphy et al., 2001).
	digimorph.org /specimens/Hemicentetes_semispinosus/body (552 words)

	DARWINISM-WATCH.com - Responding Evolutionist Propaganda in the Media
		Afrotheria is rather peculiar in terms of the alleged evolutionary relatives it harbours.
		There is also no similarity, beyond the basic mammalian design, between their anatomies.
		Another animal in this superorder portrayed as a relative of both species is the pygmy shrew, which plays a role that further increases the odd nature of the superorder Afrotheria.
	www.darwinism-watch.com /27july_10august_2004_tales.php (358 words)

	Evolutionary Genomics Group
		The purpose of our work in molecular cytogenetics is to use cross-species chromosome painting to target those mammalian orders and families that are critical to discerning the major features of mammalian genome evolution.
		My current research centres on genome organisation in the Afrotheria (six orders of mammals of probable African origin at the root of the eutherian evolutionary tree).
		Afrotheria Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for the
	academic.sun.ac.za /botzoo/robinson (776 words)

	Turtles (and Afrotheria) (long)
		Like molecular phylogenies, especially thise concerning the African molecular clade (= Afrotheria), our results, [sic] provide evidence for a macroscelid-tethytherian relationship." Microhyus is a European "condylarth" from the start of the Eocene.
		Most recently [...] Afrotheria, that groups Paenungulata with Macroscelidea, Tubulidentata, and Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles [...].
		Cranial characters of extant hyracoids have been used by proponents of both the Paenungulata and the Pantomesaxonia.
	dml.cmnh.org /2002Oct/msg00124.html (1004 words)

	WPRC Library & Information Service:
		Much of this urgency is driven by the need to conserve species and communities that are being needlessly exterminated but there is also a pressing need to include mammals in our view of Africa's past, present and future.
		The Afrotheria includes seven very different classes of animals, ranging from the very largest elephants, to the near smallest, golden moles.
		That such astonishing contrasts should exist within a single radiation can be partially explained by Afrotheria's near-monopoly of Africa during the earliest years of mammalian evolution and the absence of competing mammal lineages during our continent's prolonged geological isolation.
	library.primate.wisc.edu /collections/books/kingdonpocket.html (515 words)

	Shaking the family tree
		One group, the 'Afrotheria', includes elephants, aardvarks, sirenians, hyraxes and a few other groups.
		The Afrotheria grouping was revealed by molecular work several years ago and, despite initial controversy, is increasingly well supported.
		The Afrotheria is thought to represent the last relics of a very early radiation in mammalian history specific to Africa.
	www.mindswap.org /2002/nature/010201-11.xml (552 words)

	IUCN/SSC - ITSES: Insectivore, Tree Shrew & Elephant Shrew Specialist Group
		The Insectivore, Tree Shrew and Elephant Shrew Specialist Group (ITSES) was recently split into the Insectivore Specialist Group (ISG) and the Afrotheria Specialist Group, the latter which is chaired by G.
		Including the Scandentia in the ISG has both traditional and practical reasons, - at least it is way to try to create some activity for species that previously had little or no attention.
		The ISG and the Afrotheria SG will continue to exchange information and ideas so that we all can do a better job on behalf of "our" animals.
	members.vienna.at /shrew/itses.html (826 words)

	Articles - Mammal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The first divergence was that of the Afrotheria 110â€“100 mya.
		The Afrotheria proceeded to evolve and diversify in the isolation of the African-Arabian continent.
		The Boreoeutheria split into the Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires between 95 and 85 mya; both of these groups evolved on the northern continent of Laurasia.
	www.bird-center.net /articles/Mammal (1764 words)

	Affinities of /`hyopsodontids/' to elephant shrews and a Holarctic origin of Afrotheria : Nature
		Affinities of 'hyopsodontids' to elephant shrews and a Holarctic origin of Afrotheria
		Apheliscine postcranial morphology is consistent with a relationship to other ungulate-like afrotheres (Hyracoidea, Proboscidea) but does not provide support for a monophyletic Afrotheria.
		As the oldest record of an afrothere clade, identification of macroscelidean relatives in the North American Palaeocene argues against an African origin for Afrotheria, weakening support for linking placental diversification to the break-up of Gondwana.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v434/n7032/abs/nature03351.html;jsessionid=C0CF3D53BF44BDC867DB43F8AFA29978 (284 words)

	Small Mammals: Black and Rufous Giant Elephant-Shrew - National Zoo\| FONZ
		These superficially very different species are united under the name Afrotheria, all more closely related to each other than to any other mammals.
		Mammals we now think of as typically African, including cats and other carnivores, zebras, and antelope, arose in what are now the continents of North America, Asia, and Europe, and entered Africa only after roughly 25 million or so years ago.
		These competitors may have squeezed out most of the Afrotheria species, including species in four additional families of elephant-shrews that are now extinct.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Animals/SmallMammals/fact-elephantshrew.cfm (1387 words)

	Digimorph - Trichechus senegalensis (West African Manatee)
		Recent analyses of molecular data place Sirenia in the clade Afrotheria, which also includes aardvarks, elephants, hyraxes, golden moles, tenrecs, and elephant shrews (Murphy et al., 2001).
		Within Afrotheria, sirenians form a clade with hyraxes, which is the sister taxon to elephants (Murphy et al., 2001).
		Morphological data place Sirenia as the sister taxon to Proboscidea in a clade that also includes hyraxes and perissodactyls (Novacek, 1992a, b).
	digimorph.org /specimens/Trichechus_senegalensis (782 words)

	Gondwana split sorts out mammalian evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(1) Afrotheria [elephants, hyraxes, manatees and dugongs, aardvarks, golden moles, tenrecs, and elephant shrews],
		"Based on molecular clocks, we found that the deepest split occurs between Afrotheria and other placentals at ~103 million years, a date that coincides with a major plate tectonic separation."
		The scientists find that Afrotheria is the oldest group, with some of its orders never having left Africa.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-01/uoc--gss011802.php (550 words)

	Kaminski Wiki: Editing MolecularPhylogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Phylogenetic analyses resolve placental orders into four groups: Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Laurasiatheria, and Euarchonta plus Glires.
		A unique nine-base-pair deletion in exon 11 of the BRCA1 gene provides additional support for the monophyly of Afrotheria, which includes proboscideans, sirenians, hyracoids, tubulidentates, macroscelideans, chrysochlorids and tenrecids.
		Parallel adaptive radiations have occurred within Laurasiatheria and Afrotheria.
	www.istori.com /cgi-bin/wiki?action=edit&id=MolecularPhylogeny (535 words)

	Afrotheria
		Download an outline of this lecture as a Word Document or an ADOBE PDF document.
		The Superorder Afrotheria is based on molecular evidence that indicates the relationship of tenrecs, golden moles, elephant shrews, aardvarks, and tethytheres ("Paenungulata" - elephants, sirenians, and hyraxes).
		Tethytheres and possibly aardvarks had been considered to be ungulates.
	users.tamuk.edu /kfjab02/Biology/Mammalogy/systematics/A7afrotheria.htm (281 words)

	Evolutionary Genomics Group
		I am currently completing my PhD thesis "Genome evolution and systematics in the Paenungulata (Afrotheria, Mammalia)".
		The Paenungulates form part of the basal eutherian mammalian clade, Afrotheria and comprise species from the orders Sirenia (manatee, dugong, sea cow), Proboscidea (elephant) and Hyracoidea (hyrax).
		Waters, P.D., Dobigny, G., Pardini, A.T., and Robinson, T.J. LINE-1 distribution in Afrotheria and Xenartha: implications for understanding the evolution of LINE-1 in Eutherian genomes.
	academic.sun.ac.za /botzoo/pardini (297 words)

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