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Topic: After effects of the Warsaw Uprising

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	Warsaw Uprising: Jan Rossman. In the Warsaw Sewers.
		The designer of Warsaw’s sewer system, an excellent English engineer by the name of William Lindley, did not expect that Warsaw’s municipal sewer system designed by him towards the end of the 19th century would be used as transportation for the military and the civilian population, as well as a place of combat.
		After about a half an hour, water appeared in the sewers in the Zoliborz district, as well as, various materials that were now afloat in the sewer.
		After their formation and training, the newly formed units, which range from a company to a battalion, infiltrate into the city through a widely branched out system of sewers and underground passages.
	www.warsawuprising.com /paper/rossman_print.htm (2198 words)

	Aftereffects of the Warsaw Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By January 1945 85% of buildings were destroyed: 25% as a result of the Uprising, 35% as result of systematic German actions after the uprising, the rest as result of the earlier Warsaw Ghetto uprising (15%) and other combat including the Invasion of Poland (10%).
		The courage of the Warsaw Uprising, and its utter betrayal by the Soviet Union, kept anti-Soviet sentiment high in Poland throughout the Cold War.
		Memories of the uprising helped to inspire the Polish labour movement Solidarity, which led a peaceful movement against the Communist government during the 1980s, leading to the downfall of that government in 1989 and the emergence of democracy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/After_effects_of_the_Warsaw_Uprising (712 words)

	Warsaw Museums \| Warsaw Life
		It is an extraordinary experience to stand in the Senators chamber of the Royal Castle, surrounded by the 25 canvases of Bernardo Bellotto - survivors themselves that were studied after the war and referred to in the reconstruction of Warsaw - and consider that this very castle was a heap of rubble in 1945.
		A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw can be found in the brand new Museum of the Warsaw Uprising, which was opened to coincide with the sixtieth anniversary of the battle in 2004.
		Chopin is perhaps Warsaw's most famous son and so it won't come as a surprise to find that the city has a museum in his honour.
	www.warsaw-life.com /poland/warsaw-museums (1544 words)

	The Vietnam War - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After France's attempted recolonization of Indochina was defeated in 1954 by the Viet Minh at the battle of Dien Bien Phu, an agreement to temporarily partition the country in two with a Demilitarized Zone or DMZ was reached at the Geneva Conference.
		One effect of the incursion was to push communist forces deeper into Cambodia, which destabilized the country and in turn may have encouraged the rise of the Khmer Rouge, who seized power in 1975.
		After the war, actions taken by the victors in Vietnam, including firing squads, torture, concentration camps and "reeducation," led to the exodus of hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese.
	www.aljazeera.com /me.asp?service_ID=10291 (5146 words)

	Suchmaschine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 2004 the Warsaw self-government authorities estimated that the approximate loss of the municipal property is 45 billion 2004 US dollars (this includes only the property owned by the city of Warsaw on August 31, 1939, and not the properties owned by the inhabitants themselves).
		Factual knowledge of the Warsaw Uprising, inconvenient to Stalin, was twisted by propaganda of the People's Republic of Poland, which stressed the failings of the Home Army and the Polish government-in-exile, and forbade all criticism of the Red Army or the political goals of Soviet strategy.
		From 1956 on, the image of the Warsaw Uprising in Polish propaganda was changed a little bit to underline that the soldiers were indeed brave, while the officers were treacherous and the commanders were characterised by disregard of the losses.
	www.dmoz.ch /lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Warsaw_Uprising (4803 words)

	Warsaw
		However, nothing could assuage the harsh psychological effects of public humiliations and harassments of Jews in the streets by German soldiers or the total dislocation of a family whose sole source of its meager rations was jeopardized because the breadwinner was taken off the city streets by the Germans to forced labor.
		Warsaw was razed to the ground after the failed 1944 revolt.
		• A monument for the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Warsaw, Poland
	www1.yadvashem.org /education/ceremonies/march/warsaw.htm (3670 words)

	124012rg17.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After the Chinese Revolution of 1911, in which the Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty was overthrown and a republic was declared.
		The new republic was ruled by the Nationalist Party (the "Kuomintang"), under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen. After Sun's death, Chiang Kai Shek became the leader of the Nationalist Party and therefore of China.
		The ruler of Yugoslavia after World War II was the communist leader Marshall Tito, who led in the liberation of Yugoslavia from the Nazi forces in World War II.
	www.loyno.edu /~anderson/124012rg17.htm (779 words)

	Russia (02/07)
		After the Red army conquered Ukraine, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia, a new nation, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), was formed in 1922.
		After the December 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation became its successor state, inheriting its permanent seat on the UN Security Council, as well as the bulk of its foreign assets and debt.
		After numerous unsuccessful attempts to institute a cease-fire, in August 1996 the Russian and Chechen authorities negotiated a settlement that resulted in a complete withdrawal of Russian troops and the holding of elections in January 1997.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3183.htm (8014 words)

	Marie Curie by Ève Curie Information
		She was born a Pole in Warsaw, and spent her early years there, but in 1891 at age 24, moved to France to study science in Paris.
		Born in Warsaw, Poland, then under control by the Russian Empire, her early years were sad ones, marked by the death of her sister from typhus and, four years later, her mother.
		After her husband's death, she supposedly had an affair with physicist Paul Langevin, a married man who had left his wife, which resulted in a press scandal, exacerbated by her academic opponents in order to damage her credibility.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Marie_Curie (1210 words)

	Poland Warsaw
		But it was after all Gorbachev who discarded the Brezhnev Doctrine, whereby the Soviets felt themselves entitled to use brute force, as in Czechoslovakia, to preserve their Empire, substituting the "Sinatra Doctrine": the erstwhile satellites were now free to "do it their way".
		We saw the large and moving Memorial to the Heroes of the Warsaw Uprising which is in two parts: one shows soldiers defending a barricade, the other showing them descending into the sewers.
		A good proportion of the postcards on sale in Warsaw are of the 'before and after' type, depicting the same places in ruins in 1945 and as they are now, restored to their former beauty.
	www.btinternet.com /~parrothouse/PolandWarsaw.htm (2278 words)

	The Historical Setting: Partitioned Poland
		After the Congress of Vienna, St. Petersburg had organized its Polish lands as the Congress Kingdom of Poland, granting it a quite liberal constitution, its own army, and limited autonomy within the tsarist empire.
		The uprising ended in a bloody fiasco when the peasantry took up arms against the gentry rebel leadership, which was regarded as potentially a worse oppressor than the Austrians.
		After finally crushing the insurgency in August 1864, Russia abolished the Congress Kingdom of Poland altogether and revoked the separate status of the Polish lands, incorporating them directly as the Western Region of the Russian Empire.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/longhist4.html (2167 words)

	Culture at Poland.com - Literature, Poetry, Music, Film, Thatre, Polish Nobel laureates, Cuisine, Lifestyle, Polish ...
		After finishing his studies in 1829, Chopin went to Vienna to play there at Kartnerthortheater, where he achieved an excellent success not only among the public, but also among the critics.
		After some time Chopin met a Polish family, old friends of his father and proposed to their 17-year old daughter Maria.
		After a year of 'checking' Chopin, her parents decided not to give him Maria, because of his weak health.
	culture.poland.com /culture-music-c.php (1276 words)

	Amazon.com: Uprising (2001) (2pc): Video: Leelee Sobieski,Hank Azaria,David Schwimmer,Jon Voight,Donald ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After Germany invades Poland in 1939, the Nazis decree that 350,000 Warsaw Jews be forcibly moved into a cordoned area known as the Warsaw Ghetto.
		The story of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising is riveting in and of itself, and the director, Jon Avnet, couldn't ruin it entirely with his casting choices and historical inaccuracies, but it's a close thing.
		"Uprising" tells the true story of the unprecedentedly active resistance of an organized underground movement of Polish Jews in the Warsaw ghetto against the extermination of its inhabitants by the German occupying forces in 1943.
	www.amazon.com /Uprising-2pc-Jon-Avnet/dp/B00005QATI (2886 words)

	Union for Reform Judaism - bibliography
		After hiding in a neighbor’s attic for a year, the two siblings and their mother were forced to go on the run.
		After being liberated from the concentration camp, Piri and her sister make a life for themselves in Sweden and then move on to America.
		This novel details the psychological effects of the atrocities he experienced in the past, as well as the relationships and problems that are a part of his present.
	urj.org /educate/adolescents/bibliography (3559 words)

	Jim Dankiewicz: Int'l Effects of June 17, 1953 Uprising
		After the uprising and Ulbricht's contrition however, East Germany needed to be an example to the socialist world.
		The uprising shifted the attitude of the Soviet Union, a shift which Hoxha staunchly opposed and was a primary reason behind his pulling Albania from the Warsaw Pact in 1961.
		The most important effect of the GDR uprising on Poland was a recession of the Polish economy, which led to tensions in the Eastern Bloc over Poland's contribution to the other Bloc nations.
	www.history.ucsb.edu /faculty/marcuse/classes/133p/133p99/jim1953.993.htm (4837 words)

	lec12
		After the important Soviet victory at Stalingrad in early 1943, when it looked as though the tide was turning against the German army, in July 1944, a coalition of these groups made an unsuccessful attempt on the life of Adolf Hitler.
		Inhabitants of the Warsaw Ghetto are arrested during the 1943 uprising.
		After the war, Stroop was tried, sentenced and hanged for ‘crimes against humanity’ committed during the destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~shaked/Holocaust/lectures/lec12.html (9810 words)

	Warsaw Uprising- Warsaw, Poland - VirtualTourist.com
		On the first day of the Uprising she served as paramedic, was hit with a series of bullets and seriously wounded in the chest.
		After seeing the display on first, full of enthusiasm and joy days of the Uprising which liberated most of the centre and the Old Town I took an elevator decorated with Polish national flags (red and white) to the mezzanine.
		It shows Warsaw canal which was commonly used by uprising soldiers and civillians as their way of evacuation, escape, transportation of food and arms between liberated but seperated by Germans districts of Warsaw.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Europe/Poland/Wojewodztwo_Mazowieckie/Warsaw-468976/Things_To_Do-Warsaw-Warsaw_Uprising-BR-4.html (2254 words)

	CHAPTER VIII
		After 1918, that is, after Poland’s return on the maps of Europe, the idea of an independent Polish state that became flesh was transformed into the will of its defense at all costs, as well as of service for this state.
		The population of Warsaw, in spite of the effects of the three weeks’ siege (September 8-28, 1939), was ready to continue the struggle.
		After termination of regular battle of the September campaign there perdured very long, both on territories occupied by the USSR (52 percent of the state territory) and by the Germans, guerilla fighting by small squads of the Polish Army and by the sympathizing population.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-19/chapter_viii.htm (4478 words)

	Warsaw: History — Infoplease.com
		Warsaw grew rapidly as a commercial and cultural center, despite frequent invasions and pillages.
		It fell temporarily to the Swedes under Charles X (1655–56) and Charles XII (1702), was occupied by the Russians in 1792 and 1794, and passed to Prussia in 1795.
		Warsaw was the principal center of unsuccessful Polish uprisings against Russian domination in 1830 and 1863.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0861861.html (581 words)

	Affidavit of Erwin Lahousen, Nurenberg Tribunal
		Several of the leading generals had refused to transmit or execute these orders and Canaris had instructed me to effect a withdrawal or moderation of those orders by the use of rational arguments which were to point out the stupidity of carrying out such orders.
		I also emphasized that these orders had a demoralizing effect on agents working for the Abwehr office and that these orders were in direct violation of' all principles of In-ternational law and I made known the fact that a protest in writing concerning this had been submitted by Admiral Buerkner's section.
		I based these protests, not only upon the adverse effect of such killings on the soldiers of the socalled Brandenburg Regiment, but also on the ground that the orders were contrary to international law, as well as the Hague and Geneva Conventions.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/lahousen.htm (1731 words)

	Betty Friedan and the Radical Past of Liberal Feminism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After being fired from FP (to make room for a man or because of her excessively pro-Soviet positions, the evidence is not entirely clear) her next job was as a staff reporter for UE News (1946-1952), the newsletter of the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America.
		After all, the threat of McCarthyism is long gone and she herself has indicated her involvement with left-wing causes.
		After all, at this time, Stalin was at the height of his powers in Russia engaging in political crimes of world-historic proportion which the world's Communist Parties blithely ignored or explained away lest it destroy their faith in the existence of a worldly utopia.
	www.wpunj.edu /~newpol/issue35/boucher35.htm (5812 words)

	Warsaw Uprising - Part 8
		After they had left the pocket on August 25-26, Colonel Ziemski (the defender of the old city around the turn of the month) had the battle area up to now evacuated.
		After wading for several hours through the sewers of Warsaw 2,300 soldiers reached the city center and Zoliborz on the morning of September 1; some did not even have weapons.
		Polish historians reckon the number of dead under the ruins of their houses, in the provisional trenches in the pavements, in backyards and park areas to be more than 30,000.
	www.poloniatoday.com /uprising8.htm (2370 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Warsaw Pact invasion commemorated TOP Slovak officials including MPs and President Ivan Gasparovic commemorated the 38th anniversary of the invasion of the former Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact forces on August 21, 1968.
		Warsaw Pact attack plans revealed In the advent of war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries, 450,000 Polish troops were to have attacked northern Europe, according to top secret Warsaw Pact files made public in Poland.
		WARSAW, Poland -- Poland is risking further strains in relations with Russia by throwing open Cold War-era archives that include a 1979 Soviet retaliation plan that envisaged nuclear strikes on western European cities in the event of a war with NATO.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=warsawpact (3308 words)

	Villainous Company: After Schiavo, Questions Remain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After all, Newsom acted on the belief, deeply held by many on the left, that denying gays the right to marry is morally indefensible and akin to the legal racial discrimination of fls in the 1950s.
		When the Soviet Union and the rest of the Soviet colonies in the Warsaw Pact were liberated, peaceful protest was not what did it.
		After all, the Founders had just gone done rebelling against the oppression of King George, so they weren't opposed to the concept of rebellion per se.
	www.villainouscompany.com /vcblog/archives/2005/04/after_schiavo_q.html (7719 words)

	Uprising (2001)
		About a year after the September 1939 German conquest of that country, the Nazis isolated roughly 400,000 Jews within a small area of Warsaw.
		In Uprising, we see the manner in which the Nazis treat the Jewish prisoners isolated in the “Warsaw Ghetto” and observe as their leaders - mainly Adam Czerniakow (Donald Sutherland) - try to work with their oppressors to keep the whole group alive.
		Uprising appears in an aspect ratio of approximately 1.78:1 on this single-sided, dual-layered DVD; the image has been enhanced for 16X9 televisions.
	www.dvdmg.com /uprising.shtml (2600 words)

	Warsaw Voice
		The museum’s opening in the capital was a major event marking the 60th anniversary of the outbreak of the uprising.
		After the official mass and a solemn roll call of honor, the audience on the square will listen to a concert and watch films and newsreels about the uprising.
		The opening of the Warsaw Uprising Museum, recognized by the Ministry of Culture as the Museum Event of the Year 2004, was awarded the Sybilla statuette and zl.33,000.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /printArticle.php?a=8841 (1075 words)

	Trivial Pursuits: I Came as the Lamb, but I Return as the Lion
		These events in January had a decisive impact on the preparations that were being made for the next uprising; the three months from January to April were utilized for feverish activities to put the ZOB in a state of readiness for the forthcoming test on the field of battle.
		There is no doubt that the chief of the SS and police in the Warsaw district, Obergruppenfuhrer Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg, was aware of the existence of a Jewish defense formation, but he apparently did not dare admit to his superiors in Krakow that a significant Jewish fighting force had been established in the ghetto.
		The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the first instance in occupied Europe of an uprising by an urban population.
	trivialpursuits.typepad.com /trivial_pursuits/2004/04/i_came_as_the_l.html (2366 words)

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