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Topic: Agglutination (biology)

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	Agglutination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Agglutinative suffixes are often inserted irrespective of syllabic boundaries, for example, by adding a consonant to the syllable coda as in English tie — ties.
		Agglutinative languages also have large inventories of enclitics, too, which can be and are separated from the word root by native speakers in daily usage.
		Agglutination is used very heavily in some Native American languages, such as Inuktitut, where one word can contain enough morphemes to convey the meaning of what would be a complex sentence in other languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agglutination (548 words)

	English Works! Writing: Sample Biology Lab Report
		The agglutination reactions allowed us to determine which of the four animals was the one most closely related to a human.
		When the agglutination is lighter, it signifies that the blood proteins in human blood and animal blood are less similar, thus determining that the two species are not as closely related.
		It was revised by Raymond Merritt and Jane Dillehay of the Department of Biology.
	depts.gallaudet.edu /englishworks/writing/main/samplebiologylabreport.htm (794 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Biology courses may be selected so as to emphasize anatomy and physiology, general biology, botany, zoology, invertebrate zoology, microbiology, wildlife science, or aquatic biology.
		Biology majors contemplating graduate work are advised to elect a minor in a selected science or in mathematics.
		The Undergraduate Biology Minor A biology minor may be earned by taking 18-24 hours of biology, with a maximum of eight hours of introductory biology and a minimum of six hours in advanced residence courses.
	www.sfasu.edu /bulletin/general_bulletin/biology.txt (2104 words)

	catalog
		In addition, juniors and seniors majoring in biology are required to register for BIO 349/449 (non-credit colloquium) for a maximum of four semesters.
		Biology majors are required to take three units of chemistry and two units of mathematical science.
		A minor in biology requires the completion of four courses numbered 200 or higher, with their appropriate prerequisites (i.e., two introductory biology courses).
	www.lycoming.edu /catalog97/bio.html (2237 words)

	Catalog 1999-2001, General - Biology
		Electives to fulfill the Biology requirements can be chosen from courses offered in biology or in several of the Health Science courses that have been approved by the Biology Department for this purpose.
		Option II Biology is a two-field certification requiring 24 semester hours in each area with a minimum of 12 semester hours of upper division courses in each area.
		Biology may also be used as a second teaching field in conjunction with a different first teaching field.
	www.twu.edu /GENCAT/99-01/biol.html (2263 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Quantitative determinations of agglutination of hemocytes from oysters, Crassostrea virginica, by the Lathyms odoratus lectin at five concentrations revealed that clumping of hemocytes from oysters infected with Perkinsus mannus is partially inhibited.
		Agglutination tests - The mean percentages and ranges of clumped and single hemocytes from uninfected oysters exposed to the five dilutions of L odoratus lectin are presented in Table.
		The data presented in the Table indicate that there are decreases in the percentages of agglutinated hemocytes and increases in the percentages of single cells as the concentrations of the L odoratus lectin decrease.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc95079 (2137 words)

	Contents of Volume 12, Lectins, Biology, Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry
		Agglutination is taken as evidence of the presence of the pathogen in question.
		An agglutination procedure for the identification of B. anthracis, using lectins from soybean (SBA) and the snail Helix pomatia (HPA) is included in the fourth edition of the Manual of Clinical Microbiology (14).
		Lectin agglutination could also be affected by culture conditions (for example, whether the medium is solid or liquid), and is certainly affected by specific pre-assay treatments, such as trypsin treatment or boiling.
	plab.ku.dk /tcbh/Lectins13/Munoz-Crego/paper.htm (2080 words)

	Semen Analysis
		Agglutination of spermatozoa means that motile spermatozoa stick to each other, head to head, midpiece to midpiece, tail to tail, or mixed, e.g.
		The presence of agglutination is suggestive of, but not sufficient evidence to prove the existence of an immunological factor of fertility (6, 24, 25).
		The extent of agglutination may be important but even the presence of only a few groups of small numbers of agglutinated spermatozoa should be recorded.
	www.gfmer.ch /Endo/PGC_network/Semen_analysis_rrumbullaku.htm (5066 words)

	Echicetin, a GPIb-binding snake C-type lectin from Echis carinatus, also contains a binding site for IgM{kappa} ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Curve 2: platelet agglutination in PRP (500 µL) induced by echicetin (5 µg) in the presence of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor (Ro44-9883, 1 µM/mL).
		A inhibits this agglutination in a dose-dependent manner.
		Curve 1: platelet agglutination induced by biotinylated echicetin/avidin.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/97/8/2333 (5362 words)

	BIOLOGY
		Declared Biology majors may substitute BIO 101-102 for BIO 110-111 with written consent of the department chair.
		If one or more of these requirements have not been met by the end of their first semester of their senior year, the student must submit a plan signed by their advisor showing when and how these requirements will be completed.
		Biology majors with junior and senior standing are required to successfully complete colloquim during all semesters on campus except for semesters when student teaching.
	www.lycoming.edu /catalog98/bio.html (2543 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Graduate Programs in Biology The biology major student may designate general biology as an emphasis, in which case graduate courses may be selected from both biological areas (zoology and botany); and if students desire a minor or minors, they may select courses from other departments.
		A minor in biology consists of nine or more semester hours chosen from 400- and 500-level courses, six of which should be at the 500-level.
		All graduate biology majors are required to attend and participate in biology seminar every semester whether or not they are enrolled for credit.
	www.sfasu.edu /bulletin/graduate_bulletin/Biology.txt (2552 words)

	BIOLOGY
		Introductory biology lecture course which examines the inter-relationships of plants, animals and their environment.
		On-shore and on-water activities in marine biology, geology and meteorology, in seamanship and piloting and in coastal zone management.
		Seminar course open to senior biology majors and to graduate students with permission of the department chair.
	www.chemistry.ccsu.edu /coursedescriptions/95biologycatalog.htm (1522 words)

	Vector Labs
		Agglutination of cells is a complex process likely to require binding of the lectin to the cell surface, lateral movement and clustering of lectin receptors, changes in the cytoskeletal network, intercellular associations, biochemical alterations, redistribution of cell surface charges and other changes which ultimately result in multicellular aggregates.
		Because cellular agglutination is such a complex process, it is difficult to measure quantitatively.
		Additional criteria should also be used to assess purity including the patterns on high resolution polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels, immuno-precipitation with antisera and the ability of the lectin to bind to a specific affinity column.
	www.vectorlabs.com /infopage.asp?dpID=17&locID=146 (368 words)

	Departmental Offerings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Basic principles of plant biology are covered with special emphasis on the historical and economic impact of plants on humans.
		Topics include origins of biology, evolution of life on early earth, diversification of multicellular animal fife forms and their adaptations to the environments in which they live, their modes of reproduction and life cycles, inheritance, population genetics, population ecology and community ecology.
		Prerequisites: Biology 230, Biology 223 or 320 and Biology 326.
	home.hiram.edu /www/biology/courses/offerings.html (2865 words)

	Vector Labs
		It is this multimeric structure which gives lectins their ability to agglutinate cells or form precipitates with glycoconjugates in a manner similar to antigen-antibody interactions.
		The latter property may be a consequence of the structure of the lectin or the absence of a suitable receptor oligosaccharide on the cell surface.
		Since agglutination of cells is the assay most generally employed to measure lectins, many non-agglutinating lectins may exist in nature but have not been easily detected.
	www.vectorlabs.com /products.asp?catID=31&locID=0 (581 words)

	[No title]
		One of the most effective ways to identify and locate a particular antigen (a "foreign" protein, glycoprotein, or glycolipid) in or on a population of cells is to react the cells with antibodies prepared against the antigen.
		Such clumping of cells with antibody is called agglutination and is readily visible to the naked eye and much easier to detect than the precipitin reaction.
		The agglutination reaction is a very important tool used in clinical microbiology to identify strains of pathogenic bacteria.
	faculty.washington.edu /crowther/Teaching/BIOL212/immunology.doc (1242 words)

	Division of Math and Natural Science - Biology Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Also an introduction to the study of biology at the molecular and genetic level.
		Also an introduction to the study of biology at the level of populations in light of evolutionary theory.
		The biological basis of immunity and immune reactions, including immunogenicity and specificity; immunoglobulins; precipitation and agglutination; cell mediated and non-cell mediated in vivo and in vitro phenomena; medical application of fundamentals.
	www.brescia.edu /academics/mathsciences/biocourses.htm (707 words)

	Department of Plant virology - Abstracts
		The sensitivity of a modified agglutination test for the detection of Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv.pisi antisera was examined.
		These antisera enhanced the sensitivity of the agglutination test by two or three times.
		The modification of the agglutination test described is recommended for the detection of E.amylovora in plant sap and in bacterial slime of hawthorns (Crataegus sp.) attacked by E.amylovora.
	virology.umbr.cas.cz /menu/abstract.php?abs=33 (101 words)

	::: Insight Magazine Online - Careers ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Biology is, in fact, defined as the study of life—whether it be the tiniest cell of a plant or the largest muscles in a human body.
		Biology majors are expected to take classes on cells, plants, and animals.
		My college roommate was a biology major, and she was always in some lab during the afternoons.
	www.insightmagazine.org /careers/article.asp?career_id=4 (1109 words)

	Animated Blood Types
		Agglutination (clumping) of type A red blood cells (RBCs) by anti-A antibodies.
		In the case of A-B-O blood incompatibility, the anti-A and anti-B antibodies of a type O mother may enter the circulatory system of a Type A or Type B fetus, thus causing agglutination of the fetal RBCs.
		Like most topics in biology, the true life explanation is a lot more complicated.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /aniblood.htm (2229 words)

	LABORATORY # BIOLOGY 441
		A negative test agglutinates by the two minutes, and you will see alternating areas of clear and opaque appearance.
		However, in the presence of an outside source of the antigen, the antibody reacts with that instead of with the beads, so there is inhibition of agglutination.
		In a positive pregnancy test the urine contains the chorionic gonadotropin to react with the antibody to interfere with its agglutination of the antigen on the beads human chorionic gonadotropin appears in the human circulation in concentrations which can usually by detected by 30 days after the last period.
	www.csun.edu /~vcbio001/pregtest.html (1343 words)

	Demonstration of seven epitopes on the Rh antigen D using human monoclonal anti-D antibodies and red cells from D ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Six different agglutination patterns were recognized and interpreted to indicate the recognition of seven different epitopes.
		As all the antibodies agglutinated cells of categories IIIa, IIIc and VII and cells of categories II, IIIb and Vb were not available, it is probable that there are epitopes other than the seven presently recognized.
		The agglutination patterns have been established for the reaction between 29 monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the Rh antigen D and red cells of D categories IIIa, IIIc, IVa, IVb, Va, Vc, VI and VII, which are known to lack certain epitopes on the D polypeptide.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/3920.html (229 words)

	Developmental Biology Glossary
		This Biology 176 Glossary was begun in Fall 1995 by the Biology 212 class at Lafayette College; it continues to be developed at USD.
		Please note that the definitions are often given to explain a word found in a particular context found in our text (Gilbert, Developmental Biology) and so may be somewhat narrowly or simply defined.
		Dideoxynucleotides are used in molecular biology for Sanger-type DNA sequencing, and in medicine as anti-retroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV infection (e.g., ddI, ddC, and AZT).
	home.sandiego.edu /~cloer/bio176f02/176gloss.html (6049 words)

	Christine Case, Skyline College
		When you have completed the Biology core program and organic chemistry you will be able to undertake upper division coursework in the biological sciences.
		The basic principles you will study in Organismal Biology will be applicable in all biology–related professions including medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, animal behavior, and ecology.
		Organismal Biology will introduce you to the diversity of living organisms and how they have evolved to meet the challenges of life.
	www.smccd.net /accounts/case/biol215.html (236 words)

	Student Investigation on the Immune System and Hemeagglutination
		Since human body fluids should not be used in the biology classroom because of the potential transmission of AIDS or hepatitis, the use of animal serum and antibodies is a viable alternative for understanding the mechanisms of the immune system.
		If there is going to be agglutination, you should see a granulation of the red cells.
		This means that if you have a negative result with a bullet sedimentation of the red cells, the last dilution before that bullet where there is agglutination is read as the lowest dilution at which there is still hemagglutination.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEC/AEF/1994/ridenour_hemeagglutination.html (1710 words)

	International Lectin Meeting - INTERLEC 20 - Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although the haemolymph lectins agglutinated the rbcs of horse up to the titre of 4096, mouse (2048), rabbit (512) and rat (128), they did not agglutinate those of common domestic tick hosts e.g cow, goat and sheep.
		The gut lectin gave an agglutination titre of 4096 with rabbit rbc, mouse (512) horse (4) and 16 for oryx, giraffe and Thomson’s gazelle.
		These findings are discussed in relation to the heterogeneighty in the agglutination of the different erythrocytes and their impact on T. parva transmission by ticks.
	plab.ku.dk /tcbh/interlec20Sebitosi.htm (321 words)

	Analysis of a Human Sperm CD52 Glycoform in Primates: Identification of an Animal Model for Immunocontraceptive Vaccine ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Agglutination was observed as the cross-linking or clumping
		Agglutination in a tangled pattern was observed only in the sample treated with the S19 mAb.
		Biochemical characterization of sperm agglutination antigen-1, a human sperm surface antigen implicated in gamete interactions.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/66/6/1681 (4426 words)

	Maintenance of Mating Cell Integrity Requires the Adhesin Fig2p -- Zhang et al. 1 (5): 811 -- Eukaryotic Cell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Enhanced agglutination due to loss of Fig2p is dependent upon the mating agglutinins.
		Agglutination indices are shown for bilateral matings of wild type and fig2
		Sexual agglutination in budding yeasts: structure, function, and regulation of adhesion glycoproteins.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/1/5/811 (7549 words)

	MARTIAN MUMMIES
		"Agglutination" in the Martian lab is actually the formation of precipitates during a chemical reaction that occurs as two solutions are mixed.
		The explorers, who were ill-equipped to perform the proper scientific tests due to time and space limitations, were forced to "beam down" their artifacts Star-Trek style to their research colleagues on Earth (our science classes).
		Although chemistry and physics classes, containing college-prep students, used a rotating, lab station format, biology and physical science teachers opted for a more traditional, one-lab-at-a-time format as we moved through the simulation.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEC/AEF/1996/mcdonald_mummies.html (1463 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Prevalence of Antibodies to Neospora Caninum and Sarcocystis Neurona in Sera of Domestic ...
		Antibodies to S. neurona were not found in 1:50 dilution of any serum in the S. neurona agglutination test, suggesting that domestic cats from São Paulo city were not exposed to S. neurona sporocysts from opossums.
		Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 60 (11.9%) of 502 cats with titers of 1:40 in 36 cats, 1:80 in 18 cats, 1:160 in 5 cats and 1:800 in 1 cat using the Neospora agglutination test (NAT).
		Antibodies to N. caninum were confirmed by Western blotting in the sera of 10 cats with 1:80 to 1:800 NAT titer; this finding suggests that at least 10 cats had N. caninum-specific antibodies confirmed by 2 tests.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=134103&pf=1 (337 words)

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